See gaisos in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*goɨw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *goɨw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *goɨw"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cnx",
"2": "gyw",
"3": "giu",
"4": "gew"
},
"expansion": "Middle Cornish: gyw, giu, gew",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Cornish: gyw, giu, gew"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*godɣoɨw",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Brythonic: *godɣoɨw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Brythonic: *godɣoɨw"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "gotoyw",
"3": "gottoev"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: gotoyw, gottoev",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: gotoyw, gottoev"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "gae"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: gae",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: gae"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ga"
},
"expansion": "Irish: ga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: ga"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "*gaisos"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: *gaisos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: *gaisos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gaesum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: gaesum",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: gaesum (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "*Ariogaisos",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Gaulish: *Ariogaisos",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Gaulish: *Ariogaisos (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gaizaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gaizaz",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰoysós",
"t": "throwing spear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰoysós (“throwing spear”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰey-",
"t": "to throw, impel"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰey- (“to throw, impel”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "हेषस्",
"t": "missile",
"tr": "héṣas"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit हेषस् (héṣas, “missile”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀",
"t": "weapon"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀 (zaēna, “weapon”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χαῖος",
"t": "shepherd's staff"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χαῖος (khaîos, “shepherd's staff”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz (given the diphthong *ai instead of the expected *oi), which itself is derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰoysós (“throwing spear”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰey- (“to throw, impel”). Related to Sanskrit हेषस् (héṣas, “missile”), Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀 (zaēna, “weapon”), Ancient Greek χαῖος (khaîos, “shepherd's staff”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-o-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gaise",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisoms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisūi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisobom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisobos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisobim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisūis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*gaisos m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gais"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-o-m"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/gaisos",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "uɸogaisos"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spear"
],
"id": "en-gaisos-cel-pro-noun-jyzJNrGW",
"links": [
[
"spear",
"spear#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "gaisos"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "uɸogaisos"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*goɨw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *goɨw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *goɨw"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cnx",
"2": "gyw",
"3": "giu",
"4": "gew"
},
"expansion": "Middle Cornish: gyw, giu, gew",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Cornish: gyw, giu, gew"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*godɣoɨw",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Brythonic: *godɣoɨw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Brythonic: *godɣoɨw"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "gotoyw",
"3": "gottoev"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: gotoyw, gottoev",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: gotoyw, gottoev"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "gae"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: gae",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: gae"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ga"
},
"expansion": "Irish: ga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: ga"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "*gaisos"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: *gaisos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: *gaisos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gaesum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: gaesum",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: gaesum (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "*Ariogaisos",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Gaulish: *Ariogaisos",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Gaulish: *Ariogaisos (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gaizaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gaizaz",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰoysós",
"t": "throwing spear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰoysós (“throwing spear”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰey-",
"t": "to throw, impel"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰey- (“to throw, impel”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "हेषस्",
"t": "missile",
"tr": "héṣas"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit हेषस् (héṣas, “missile”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀",
"t": "weapon"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀 (zaēna, “weapon”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χαῖος",
"t": "shepherd's staff"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χαῖος (khaîos, “shepherd's staff”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz (given the diphthong *ai instead of the expected *oi), which itself is derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰoysós (“throwing spear”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰey- (“to throw, impel”). Related to Sanskrit हेषस् (héṣas, “missile”), Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀 (zaēna, “weapon”), Ancient Greek χαῖος (khaîos, “shepherd's staff”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-o-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gaise",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisoms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisūi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisobom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisobos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisobim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gaisūis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*gaisos m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gais"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-o-m"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/gaisos",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Celtic nouns",
"Proto-Celtic o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Celtic terms borrowed from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"cel-pro:Weapons"
],
"glosses": [
"spear"
],
"links": [
[
"spear",
"spear#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "gaisos"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gaisos meaning in Proto-Celtic (6.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-09-20 using wiktextract (af5c55c and 66545a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.