See dūnom in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for dūnom meaning in Proto-Celtic (5.7kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*din"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *din\nOld Breton: din\nBreton: din\nCornish: din\nOld Welsh: din\nMiddle Welsh: din\nWelsh: din",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *din\nOld Breton: din\nBreton: din\nCornish: din\nOld Welsh: din\nMiddle Welsh: din\nWelsh: din"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "dún"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: dún",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: dún"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "dún"
},
"expansion": "Irish: dún",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: dún"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "doon"
},
"expansion": "Manx: doon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: doon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "dùn"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: dùn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: dùn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "dunon",
"alt": "dūnon"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: dūnon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: dūnon"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*tūną",
"bor": "1",
"t": "enclosure"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Germanic: *tūną (“enclosure”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Germanic: *tūną (“enclosure”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*tynъ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Slavic: *tynъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Slavic: *tynъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*dūnǭ",
"bor": "1",
"t": "sandhill, dune",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Germanic: *dūnǭ (“sandhill, dune”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Germanic: *dūnǭ (“sandhill, dune”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*duh₂-nós",
"t": "lasting, durable"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-nós (“lasting, durable”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dweh₂-",
"3": "*nós",
"alt1": "*dewh₂-",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "to last"
},
"expansion": "*dewh₂- (“to last”) + *-nós",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dʰuHno-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰuHno-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewh₂-",
"t": "smoke, mist, haze"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“smoke, mist, haze”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-nós (“lasting, durable”), from *dewh₂- (“to last”) + *-nós, or from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuHno-, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“smoke, mist, haze”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-o-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Neuter o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnūi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnobom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnobos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnobim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnūis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*dūnom n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dūn"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-o-n"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/dūnom",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stronghold, rampart"
],
"id": "en-dūnom-cel-pro-noun-9rF-FBZU",
"links": [
[
"stronghold",
"stronghold"
],
[
"rampart",
"rampart"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "dūnom"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*din"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *din\nOld Breton: din\nBreton: din\nCornish: din\nOld Welsh: din\nMiddle Welsh: din\nWelsh: din",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *din\nOld Breton: din\nBreton: din\nCornish: din\nOld Welsh: din\nMiddle Welsh: din\nWelsh: din"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "dún"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: dún",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: dún"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "dún"
},
"expansion": "Irish: dún",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: dún"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "doon"
},
"expansion": "Manx: doon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: doon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "dùn"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: dùn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: dùn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "dunon",
"alt": "dūnon"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: dūnon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: dūnon"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*tūną",
"bor": "1",
"t": "enclosure"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Germanic: *tūną (“enclosure”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Germanic: *tūną (“enclosure”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*tynъ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Slavic: *tynъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Slavic: *tynъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*dūnǭ",
"bor": "1",
"t": "sandhill, dune",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Germanic: *dūnǭ (“sandhill, dune”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Germanic: *dūnǭ (“sandhill, dune”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*duh₂-nós",
"t": "lasting, durable"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-nós (“lasting, durable”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dweh₂-",
"3": "*nós",
"alt1": "*dewh₂-",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "to last"
},
"expansion": "*dewh₂- (“to last”) + *-nós",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dʰuHno-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰuHno-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewh₂-",
"t": "smoke, mist, haze"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“smoke, mist, haze”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-nós (“lasting, durable”), from *dewh₂- (“to last”) + *-nós, or from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuHno-, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“smoke, mist, haze”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-o-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Neuter o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnūi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnobom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnobos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnobim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "dūnūis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*dūnom n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dūn"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-o-n"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/dūnom",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Celtic nouns",
"Proto-Celtic o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Celtic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Celtic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"glosses": [
"stronghold, rampart"
],
"links": [
[
"stronghold",
"stronghold"
],
[
"rampart",
"rampart"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "dūnom"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (91e95e7 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.