See beruros in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*berur"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *berur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *berur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "beror"
},
"expansion": "Old Breton: beror",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Breton: beror"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "beler"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: beler",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: beler"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "beler"
},
"expansion": "Breton: beler",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: beler"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oco",
"2": "beler"
},
"expansion": "Old Cornish: beler",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cornish: beler"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cnx",
"2": "beler"
},
"expansion": "Middle Cornish: beler",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Cornish: beler"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "beler",
"3": "beleren",
"qq1": "collective",
"qq2": "singulative"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: beler (collective), beleren (singulative)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: beler (collective), beleren (singulative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "berwr",
"3": "berỽr",
"4": "berw"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: berwr, berỽr, berw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: berwr, berỽr, berw"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "berwr",
"3": "berw"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: berwr, berw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: berwr, berw"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "birar"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: birar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: birar"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "birar",
"3": "biror",
"4": "bilar",
"5": "bilur"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: birar, biror, bilar, bilur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: birar, biror, bilar, bilur"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "biolar"
},
"expansion": "Irish: biolar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: biolar"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "burley"
},
"expansion": "Manx: burley",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: burley"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "biolair"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: biolair",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: biolair"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "berulā"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: berulā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: berulā"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "berula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: berula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: berula"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "berlo"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: berlo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: berlo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "berle"
},
"expansion": "French: berle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: berle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "berro",
"3": "berraza",
"bor": "1",
"q": "from a Celtiberian or Gaulish source"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: (from a Celtiberian or Gaulish source) berro, berraza",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: (from a Celtiberian or Gaulish source) berro, berraza"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰrewh₁-",
"t": "to boil, brew"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to boil, brew”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ghc",
"2": "bior"
},
"expansion": "Classical Gaelic bior",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰréh₁wr̥",
"t": "spring, source"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₁wr̥ (“spring, source”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "vṛddhi derivative",
"name": "vrd"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Traditionally taken as a derivative of *berus (“spring, source of water”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to boil, brew”).\nStifter, believing that Classical Gaelic bior was a fanciful neologism back-formed from other words like inber (“river mouth”), instead prefers a direct derivation from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₁wr̥ (“spring, source”), more specifically as a vṛddhi derivative which can be rendered as pseudo-PIE *bʰerh₁urós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-o-m",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "beruros",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "berurou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "beruroi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "berure",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "berurou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "beruroi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "berurom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "berurou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "berurons",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "berurī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "berurous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "berurom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "berurūi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "berurobom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "berurobos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "berurei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "berurū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "berurobim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "berurūis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*beruros m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "berur"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-o-m"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/beruros",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic vrddhi derivatives",
"parents": [
"Vrddhi derivatives",
"Terms by etymology"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"watercress"
],
"id": "en-beruros-cel-pro-noun-d-tFmApA",
"links": [
[
"watercress",
"watercress"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "beruros"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*berur"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *berur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *berur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "beror"
},
"expansion": "Old Breton: beror",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Breton: beror"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "beler"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: beler",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: beler"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "beler"
},
"expansion": "Breton: beler",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: beler"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oco",
"2": "beler"
},
"expansion": "Old Cornish: beler",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cornish: beler"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cnx",
"2": "beler"
},
"expansion": "Middle Cornish: beler",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Cornish: beler"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "beler",
"3": "beleren",
"qq1": "collective",
"qq2": "singulative"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: beler (collective), beleren (singulative)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: beler (collective), beleren (singulative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "berwr",
"3": "berỽr",
"4": "berw"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: berwr, berỽr, berw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: berwr, berỽr, berw"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "berwr",
"3": "berw"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: berwr, berw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: berwr, berw"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "birar"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: birar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: birar"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "birar",
"3": "biror",
"4": "bilar",
"5": "bilur"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: birar, biror, bilar, bilur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: birar, biror, bilar, bilur"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "biolar"
},
"expansion": "Irish: biolar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: biolar"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "burley"
},
"expansion": "Manx: burley",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: burley"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "biolair"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: biolair",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: biolair"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "berulā"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: berulā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: berulā"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "berula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: berula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: berula"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "berlo"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: berlo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: berlo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "berle"
},
"expansion": "French: berle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: berle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "berro",
"3": "berraza",
"bor": "1",
"q": "from a Celtiberian or Gaulish source"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: (from a Celtiberian or Gaulish source) berro, berraza",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: (from a Celtiberian or Gaulish source) berro, berraza"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰrewh₁-",
"t": "to boil, brew"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to boil, brew”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ghc",
"2": "bior"
},
"expansion": "Classical Gaelic bior",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰréh₁wr̥",
"t": "spring, source"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₁wr̥ (“spring, source”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "vṛddhi derivative",
"name": "vrd"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Traditionally taken as a derivative of *berus (“spring, source of water”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to boil, brew”).\nStifter, believing that Classical Gaelic bior was a fanciful neologism back-formed from other words like inber (“river mouth”), instead prefers a direct derivation from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₁wr̥ (“spring, source”), more specifically as a vṛddhi derivative which can be rendered as pseudo-PIE *bʰerh₁urós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-o-m",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "beruros",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "berurou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "beruroi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "berure",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "berurou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "beruroi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "berurom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "berurou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "berurons",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "berurī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "berurous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "berurom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "berurūi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "berurobom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "berurobos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "berurei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "berurū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "berurobim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "berurūis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*beruros m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "berur"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-o-m"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/beruros",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Celtic nouns",
"Proto-Celtic o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Celtic vrddhi derivatives",
"cel-pro:Plants"
],
"glosses": [
"watercress"
],
"links": [
[
"watercress",
"watercress"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "beruros"
}
Download raw JSONL data for beruros meaning in Proto-Celtic (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-02 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (db8a5a5 and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.