See -towyos in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*-(a)duɨ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *-(a)duɨ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *-(a)duɨ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "-toe",
"qq": "in <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"obt\">inaatoe</i>"
},
"expansion": "Old Breton: -toe (in inaatoe)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Breton: -toe (in inaatoe)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "-dou"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: -dou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: -dou"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cnx",
"2": "-dow"
},
"expansion": "Middle Cornish: -dow",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Cornish: -dow"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "-dwy"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: -dwy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: -dwy"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "-thi"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: -thi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: -thi"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "-तव्य"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -तव्य (-tavya)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-tus",
"pos": "action noun suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-tus (action noun suffix)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A closely related suffix in Indo-Aryan exists in Sanskrit -तव्य (-tavya). They are probably extensions of Proto-Indo-European *-tus (action noun suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-o-m",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-towye",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyūs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyoms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyūi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyobom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyobos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyobim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyūis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-towyos",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-towy"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-o-m"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/-towyos",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms verbals of necessity or gerundives."
],
"id": "en--towyos-cel-pro-suffix-Clszibsv",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-towyos"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*-(a)duɨ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *-(a)duɨ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *-(a)duɨ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "-toe",
"qq": "in <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"obt\">inaatoe</i>"
},
"expansion": "Old Breton: -toe (in inaatoe)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Breton: -toe (in inaatoe)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "-dou"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: -dou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: -dou"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cnx",
"2": "-dow"
},
"expansion": "Middle Cornish: -dow",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Cornish: -dow"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "-dwy"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: -dwy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: -dwy"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "-thi"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: -thi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: -thi"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "-तव्य"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -तव्य (-tavya)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-tus",
"pos": "action noun suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-tus (action noun suffix)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A closely related suffix in Indo-Aryan exists in Sanskrit -तव्य (-tavya). They are probably extensions of Proto-Indo-European *-tus (action noun suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-o-m",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-towye",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyūs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyoms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyūi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyobom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyobos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyobim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-towyūis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-towyos",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-towy"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-o-m"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/-towyos",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Celtic suffixes",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms verbals of necessity or gerundives."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-towyos"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -towyos meaning in Proto-Celtic (4.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.