-mā in Proto-Celtic

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Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *-meh₂. Other apparent appearances of this suffix elsewhere in Indo-European include: * Ancient Greek φήμη (phḗmē) and Latin fāma, both of these from *bʰeh₂- (“to speak”). * Ancient Greek τιμή (timḗ), from *kʷey- (“to pay”). The first verbal noun with this suffix was likely *kreddīmā (“belief”). Etymology templates: {{inh|cel-pro|ine-pro|*-meh₂}} Proto-Indo-European *-meh₂, {{noncog|grc|φήμη}} Ancient Greek φήμη (phḗmē), {{noncog|la|fāma}} Latin fāma, {{noncog|grc|τιμή}} Ancient Greek τιμή (timḗ) Head templates: {{head|cel-pro|suffix|g=f}} *-mā f Inflection templates: {{cel-decl-noun-a-f|-m}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], -mā [nominative, singular], -mai [dual, nominative], -mās [nominative, plural], -mā [singular, vocative], -mai [dual, vocative], -mās [plural, vocative], -mam [accusative, singular], -mai [accusative, dual], -māns [accusative, plural], -mās [genitive, singular], -mous [dual, genitive], -mom [genitive, plural], -māi [dative, singular], -mābom [dative, dual], -mābos [dative, plural], -mai [locative, singular], - [dual, locative], - [locative, plural], - [instrumental, singular], -mābim [dual, instrumental], -mābis [instrumental, plural]

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{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-bry-pro",
            "2": "*-iβ̃",
            "3": "*-aβ̃",
            "4": "*-oβ̃",
            "5": "*-ọβ̃"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *-iβ̃, *-aβ̃, *-oβ̃, *-ọβ̃",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Brythonic: *-iβ̃, *-aβ̃, *-oβ̃, *-ọβ̃ (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sga",
            "2": "-em",
            "id": "verbnoun"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Irish: -em, -am (after a broad consonant)\nIrish: -amh\nScottish Gaelic: -amh",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Irish: -em, -am (after a broad consonant)\nIrish: -amh\nScottish Gaelic: -amh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-meh₂"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-meh₂",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "φήμη"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek φήμη (phḗmē)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "fāma"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin fāma",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "τιμή"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek τιμή (timḗ)",
      "name": "noncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-meh₂. Other apparent appearances of this suffix elsewhere in Indo-European include:\n* Ancient Greek φήμη (phḗmē) and Latin fāma, both of these from *bʰeh₂- (“to speak”).\n* Ancient Greek τιμή (timḗ), from *kʷey- (“to pay”).\nThe first verbal noun with this suffix was likely *kreddīmā (“belief”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cel-decl-noun-a-f",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ā-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Feminine ā-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mās",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mās",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mam",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-māns",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mās",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-māi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mābom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mābos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mābim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mābis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "suffix",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "*-mā f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-m"
      },
      "name": "cel-decl-noun-a-f"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Celtic",
  "lang_code": "cel-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/-mā",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms verbal nouns to miscellaneous weak verbs with suffixed *-ī-."
      ],
      "id": "en--mā-cel-pro-suffix-RSYH1fcY",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-mā"
}

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{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-bry-pro",
            "2": "*-iβ̃",
            "3": "*-aβ̃",
            "4": "*-oβ̃",
            "5": "*-ọβ̃"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *-iβ̃, *-aβ̃, *-oβ̃, *-ọβ̃",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Brythonic: *-iβ̃, *-aβ̃, *-oβ̃, *-ọβ̃ (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sga",
            "2": "-em",
            "id": "verbnoun"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Irish: -em, -am (after a broad consonant)\nIrish: -amh\nScottish Gaelic: -amh",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Irish: -em, -am (after a broad consonant)\nIrish: -amh\nScottish Gaelic: -amh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-meh₂"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-meh₂",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "φήμη"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek φήμη (phḗmē)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "fāma"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin fāma",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "τιμή"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek τιμή (timḗ)",
      "name": "noncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-meh₂. Other apparent appearances of this suffix elsewhere in Indo-European include:\n* Ancient Greek φήμη (phḗmē) and Latin fāma, both of these from *bʰeh₂- (“to speak”).\n* Ancient Greek τιμή (timḗ), from *kʷey- (“to pay”).\nThe first verbal noun with this suffix was likely *kreddīmā (“belief”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cel-decl-noun-a-f",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ā-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Feminine ā-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mās",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mās",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mam",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-māns",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mās",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-māi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mābom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mābos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mābim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mābis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "suffix",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "*-mā f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-m"
      },
      "name": "cel-decl-noun-a-f"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Celtic",
  "lang_code": "cel-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/-mā",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Celtic feminine suffixes",
        "Proto-Celtic lemmas",
        "Proto-Celtic suffixes",
        "Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Celtic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Celtic ā-stem nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms verbal nouns to miscellaneous weak verbs with suffixed *-ī-."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-mā"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"-mā" meaning in Proto-Celtic

Suffix