ɸreswos in Proto-Celtic

[Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *prews-, with metathesis of *-ws- to *-sw-. Etymology templates: {{der|cel-pro|ine-pro|*prews-}} Proto-Indo-European *prews- Head templates: {{head|cel-pro|noun|cat2=|g=m|g2=|g3=|head=}} *ɸreswos m Inflection templates: {{cel-decl-noun-o-m|ɸresw}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], ɸreswos [masculine, nominative, singular, stem], ɸreswou [dual, masculine, nominative, stem], ɸreswoi [masculine, nominative, plural, stem], ɸreswe [masculine, singular, stem, vocative], ɸreswou [dual, masculine, stem, vocative], ɸreswoi [masculine, plural, stem, vocative], ɸreswom [accusative, masculine, singular, stem], ɸreswou [accusative, dual, masculine, stem], ɸreswons [accusative, masculine, plural, stem], ɸreswī [genitive, masculine, singular, stem], ɸreswous [dual, genitive, masculine, stem], ɸreswom [genitive, masculine, plural, stem], ɸreswūi [dative, masculine, singular, stem], ɸreswobom [dative, dual, masculine, stem], ɸreswobos [dative, masculine, plural, stem], ɸreswei [locative, masculine, singular, stem], - [dual, locative, masculine, stem], - [locative, masculine, plural, stem], ɸreswū [instrumental, masculine, singular, stem], ɸreswobim [dual, instrumental, masculine, stem], ɸreswūis [instrumental, masculine, plural, stem]

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Brythonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "br",
            "2": "rev"
          },
          "expansion": "Breton: rev",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Breton: rev"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kw",
            "2": "rew"
          },
          "expansion": "Cornish: rew",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cornish: rew"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cy",
            "2": "rhew"
          },
          "expansion": "Welsh: rhew",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Welsh: rhew"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*prews-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *prews-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *prews-, with metathesis of *-ws- to *-sw-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cel-decl-noun-o-m",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswons",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswūi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswobom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswobos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswei",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswobim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswūis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*ɸreswos m",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ɸresw"
      },
      "name": "cel-decl-noun-o-m"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Celtic",
  "lang_code": "cel-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ɸreswos",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "sense": "Old Irish: réud",
          "tags": [
            "Irish"
          ],
          "word": "reo"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Old Irish: réud",
          "word": "rio"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Old Irish: réud; Scottish Gaelic",
          "word": "reòth"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "frost"
      ],
      "id": "en-ɸreswos-cel-pro-noun-178Mnqbq",
      "links": [
        [
          "frost",
          "frost"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ɸreswos"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "sense": "Old Irish: réud",
      "tags": [
        "Irish"
      ],
      "word": "reo"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Old Irish: réud",
      "word": "rio"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Old Irish: réud; Scottish Gaelic",
      "word": "reòth"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Brythonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "br",
            "2": "rev"
          },
          "expansion": "Breton: rev",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Breton: rev"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kw",
            "2": "rew"
          },
          "expansion": "Cornish: rew",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cornish: rew"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cy",
            "2": "rhew"
          },
          "expansion": "Welsh: rhew",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Welsh: rhew"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*prews-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *prews-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *prews-, with metathesis of *-ws- to *-sw-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cel-decl-noun-o-m",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswons",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswūi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswobom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswobos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswei",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswobim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ɸreswūis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*ɸreswos m",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ɸresw"
      },
      "name": "cel-decl-noun-o-m"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Celtic",
  "lang_code": "cel-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ɸreswos",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Celtic lemmas",
        "Proto-Celtic masculine nouns",
        "Proto-Celtic nouns",
        "Proto-Celtic o-stem nouns",
        "Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "frost"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "frost",
          "frost"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ɸreswos"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"ɸreswos" meaning in Proto-Celtic

Noun