See wárˀnāˀ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latgalian",
"lang_code": "ltg",
"word": "vuorna"
},
{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"word": "vãrna"
},
{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "vārne"
},
{
"descendants": [
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"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"word": "várna"
}
],
"lang": "Old Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "olt",
"word": "várna"
}
],
"lang": "East Baltic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Prussian",
"lang_code": "prg",
"word": "warne"
}
],
"lang": "West Baltic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"word": "*vòrna"
}
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{
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},
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{
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"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
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"name": "inh"
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{
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},
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"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "",
"3": "*wornós",
"nocap": "1",
"t": "raven"
},
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"name": "vrd"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "Jasanoff:2017",
"p": "79",
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"name": "R"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "wrauña",
"t": "crow"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B wrauña (“crow”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *wor-néh₂, from *wer- (“to burn; be black”), with accent retraction due to Hirt's law. Jasanoff reconstructs *wṓrneh₂ (“belonging to raven, (female) raven-like bird”) as a vṛddhi derivative of *wornós (“raven”) and explains the acute first syllable as regularly resulting from the long vṛddhi vowel. Cognate with Tocharian B wrauña (“crow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "ine-bsl-decl-noun-a-f-fixed",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ā-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnāˀ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnāiˀ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnāiˀ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾ns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnāu⁽ˀ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnōn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnāiˀ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnāu⁽ˀ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾su",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnāi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾mā⁽ˀ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾mas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnāˀn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾māˀ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾mīˀs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnāiˀ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
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"cat2": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
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"name": "head"
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},
"name": "ine-bsl-decl-noun-a-f-fixed"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*wárˀnāˀ",
"10": "wárˀnāu⁽ˀ⁾",
"11": "wárˀnāu⁽ˀ⁾",
"12": "wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾mā⁽ˀ⁾",
"13": "wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾māˀ",
"14": "wárˀnāiˀ",
"15": "wárˀnās",
"16": "wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾ns",
"17": "wárˀnōn",
"18": "wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾su",
"19": "wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾mas",
"2": "*wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾n",
"20": "wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾mīˀs",
"21": "wárˀnās",
"3": "*wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾s",
"4": "*wárˀnāiˀ",
"5": "*wárˀnāi",
"6": "*wárˀnāˀn",
"7": "*wárˀna",
"8": "wárˀnāiˀ",
"9": "wárˀnāiˀ",
"title": "Declension of *wárˀnāˀ (ā-stem, fixed accent)"
},
"name": "ine-bsl-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/wárˀnāˀ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Balto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European vrddhi derivatives",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crow"
],
"id": "en-wárˀnāˀ-ine-bsl-pro-noun-hR1J0wh2",
"links": [
[
"crow",
"crow"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "raven; young raven",
"translation": "raven; young raven",
"word": "warnás m*wárnītjas m ()"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Hirt's law"
]
}
],
"word": "wárˀnāˀ"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latgalian",
"lang_code": "ltg",
"word": "vuorna"
},
{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"word": "vãrna"
},
{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "vārne"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"word": "várna"
}
],
"lang": "Old Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "olt",
"word": "várna"
}
],
"lang": "East Baltic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Prussian",
"lang_code": "prg",
"word": "warne"
}
],
"lang": "West Baltic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"word": "*vòrna"
}
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"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
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{
"args": {
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"4": "*wor-néh₂",
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"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wor-néh₂",
"name": "inh"
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{
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"name": "inh+"
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{
"args": {
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"2": "",
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{
"args": {
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"2": "Jasanoff:2017",
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"name": "R"
},
{
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"2": "wrauña",
"t": "crow"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B wrauña (“crow”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *wor-néh₂, from *wer- (“to burn; be black”), with accent retraction due to Hirt's law. Jasanoff reconstructs *wṓrneh₂ (“belonging to raven, (female) raven-like bird”) as a vṛddhi derivative of *wornós (“raven”) and explains the acute first syllable as regularly resulting from the long vṛddhi vowel. Cognate with Tocharian B wrauña (“crow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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{
"form": "ine-bsl-decl-noun-a-f-fixed",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "ā-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnāˀ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnāiˀ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnāiˀ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾ns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnāu⁽ˀ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnōn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnāiˀ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnāu⁽ˀ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾su",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnāi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾mā⁽ˀ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾mas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnāˀn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾māˀ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾mīˀs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnāiˀ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wárˀnās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
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"args": {
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"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "*wárˀnāˀ f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
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"args": {
"1": "wárˀn"
},
"name": "ine-bsl-decl-noun-a-f-fixed"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*wárˀnāˀ",
"10": "wárˀnāu⁽ˀ⁾",
"11": "wárˀnāu⁽ˀ⁾",
"12": "wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾mā⁽ˀ⁾",
"13": "wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾māˀ",
"14": "wárˀnāiˀ",
"15": "wárˀnās",
"16": "wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾ns",
"17": "wárˀnōn",
"18": "wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾su",
"19": "wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾mas",
"2": "*wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾n",
"20": "wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾mīˀs",
"21": "wárˀnās",
"3": "*wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾s",
"4": "*wárˀnāiˀ",
"5": "*wárˀnāi",
"6": "*wárˀnāˀn",
"7": "*wárˀna",
"8": "wárˀnāiˀ",
"9": "wárˀnāiˀ",
"title": "Declension of *wárˀnāˀ (ā-stem, fixed accent)"
},
"name": "ine-bsl-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/wárˀnāˀ",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "raven; young raven",
"translation": "raven; young raven",
"word": "warnás m*wárnītjas m ()"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Balto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Balto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Balto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Balto-Slavic nominals with fixed accent",
"Proto-Balto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Balto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Balto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Balto-Slavic ā-stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European vrddhi derivatives",
"ine-bsl-pro:Corvids"
],
"glosses": [
"crow"
],
"links": [
[
"crow",
"crow"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Hirt's law"
]
}
],
"word": "wárˀnāˀ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for wárˀnāˀ meaning in Proto-Balto-Slavic (5.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Balto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.