léiˀpāˀ in Proto-Balto-Slavic

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Etymology: Of unclear origin. Has been connected to Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to stick, smear”) (cf. Slavic *lěpìti), but according to Derksen, the acute accent prohibits such a derivation. Etymology templates: {{unc|ine-bsl-pro|unclear}} unclear, {{noncog|ine-pro|*leyp-||to stick, smear}} Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to stick, smear”) Head templates: {{head|ine-bsl-pro|noun|cat2=|g=f|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} *léiˀpāˀ f Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], léiˀpāˀ [nominative, singular], léiˀpāiˀ [dual, nominative], léiˀpās [nominative, plural], léiˀpā⁽ˀ⁾n [accusative, singular], léiˀpāiˀ [accusative, dual], léiˀpā⁽ˀ⁾ns [accusative, plural], léiˀpā⁽ˀ⁾s [genitive, singular], léiˀpāu⁽ˀ [dual, genitive], léiˀpōn [genitive, plural], léiˀpāiˀ [locative, singular], léiˀpāu⁽ˀ [dual, locative], léiˀpā⁽ˀ⁾su [locative, plural], léiˀpāi [dative, singular], léiˀpā⁽ˀ⁾mā⁽ˀ [dative, dual], léiˀpā⁽ˀ⁾mas [dative, plural], léiˀpāˀn [instrumental, singular], léiˀpā⁽ˀ⁾māˀ [dual, instrumental], léiˀpā⁽ˀ⁾mīˀs [instrumental, plural], léiˀpa [singular, vocative], léiˀpāiˀ [dual, vocative], léiˀpās [plural, vocative]

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{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Latgalian",
          "lang_code": "ltg",
          "word": "līpa"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "lang_code": "lv",
          "word": "liepa"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Lithuanian",
          "lang_code": "lt",
          "word": "li̇́epa"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "East Baltic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
      "lang_code": "sla-pro",
      "word": "*lìpa"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Proto-Finnic",
      "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "*leppä"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Proto-Samic",
      "lang_code": "smi-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "*leajpē"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "unclear"
      },
      "expansion": "unclear",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*leyp-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to stick, smear"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to stick, smear”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of unclear origin. Has been connected to Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to stick, smear”) (cf. Slavic *lěpìti), but according to Derksen, the acute accent prohibits such a derivation.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lg",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpāˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpāiˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpās",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpā⁽ˀ⁾n",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpāiˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpā⁽ˀ⁾ns",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpā⁽ˀ⁾s",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpāu⁽ˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpāiˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpāu⁽ˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpā⁽ˀ⁾su",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpāi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpā⁽ˀ⁾mā⁽ˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpā⁽ˀ⁾mas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpāˀn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpā⁽ˀ⁾māˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpā⁽ˀ⁾mīˀs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpāiˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpās",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*léiˀpāˀ f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/léiˀpāˀ",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Balto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Balto-Slavic nominals with fixed accent",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "linden tree"
      ],
      "id": "en-léiˀpāˀ-ine-bsl-pro-noun-OiOBvxAj",
      "links": [
        [
          "linden",
          "linden"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Rick Derksen"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "léiˀpāˀ"
}

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{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Latgalian",
          "lang_code": "ltg",
          "word": "līpa"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "lang_code": "lv",
          "word": "liepa"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Lithuanian",
          "lang_code": "lt",
          "word": "li̇́epa"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "East Baltic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
      "lang_code": "sla-pro",
      "word": "*lìpa"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Proto-Finnic",
      "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "*leppä"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Proto-Samic",
      "lang_code": "smi-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "*leajpē"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "unclear"
      },
      "expansion": "unclear",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*leyp-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to stick, smear"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to stick, smear”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of unclear origin. Has been connected to Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to stick, smear”) (cf. Slavic *lěpìti), but according to Derksen, the acute accent prohibits such a derivation.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lg",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpāˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpāiˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpās",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpā⁽ˀ⁾n",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpāiˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpā⁽ˀ⁾ns",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpā⁽ˀ⁾s",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpāu⁽ˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpāiˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpāu⁽ˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpā⁽ˀ⁾su",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpāi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpā⁽ˀ⁾mā⁽ˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpā⁽ˀ⁾mas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpāˀn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpā⁽ˀ⁾māˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpā⁽ˀ⁾mīˀs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpāiˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léiˀpās",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*léiˀpāˀ f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/léiˀpāˀ",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Balto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Balto-Slavic feminine nouns",
        "Proto-Balto-Slavic lemmas",
        "Proto-Balto-Slavic nominals with fixed accent",
        "Proto-Balto-Slavic nouns",
        "Proto-Balto-Slavic terms with unknown etymologies",
        "Proto-Balto-Slavic ā-stem nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "linden tree"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "linden",
          "linden"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Rick Derksen"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "léiˀpāˀ"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Balto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-10-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-10-01 using wiktextract (c8bd62c and a979ada). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"léiˀpāˀ" meaning in Proto-Balto-Slavic

Noun