See permear in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "derived": [ { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "permeação" }, { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "permeado" }, { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "permeável" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "pt", "2": "la", "3": "permeō", "4": "permeāre", "t": "to pass through" }, "expansion": "Latin permeāre (“to pass through”)", "name": "bor" } ], "etymology_text": "From Latin permeāre (“to pass through”).", "forms": [ { "form": "permeio", "tags": [ "first-person", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permeei", "tags": [ "first-person", "preterite", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permeado", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "pt-conj", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "permear", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "impersonal", "infinitive" ] }, { "form": "permear", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "infinitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permeares", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "infinitive", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permear", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "infinitive", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permearmos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "infinitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "permeardes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "infinitive", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "permearem", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "infinitive", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permeando", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "gerund" ] }, { "form": "permeado", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "masculine", "participle", "past", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permeados", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "masculine", "participle", "past", "plural" ] }, { "form": "permeada", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "feminine", "participle", "past", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permeadas", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "feminine", "participle", "past", "plural" ] }, { "form": "permeio", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permeias", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permeia", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permeamos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "plural", "present" ] }, { "form": "permeais", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "present", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "permeiam", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "present", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permeava", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permeavas", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permeava", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permeávamos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "permeáveis", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "permeavam", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permeei", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "preterite", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permeaste", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "preterite", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permeou", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "preterite", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permeamos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "Brazil", "first-person", "indicative", "plural", "preterite" ] }, { "form": "permeámos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "plural", "preterite" ] }, { "form": "permeastes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "preterite", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "permearam", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "preterite", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permeara", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "pluperfect", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permearas", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "pluperfect", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permeara", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "pluperfect", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permeáramos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "pluperfect", "plural" ] }, { "form": "permeáreis", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "pluperfect", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "permearam", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "pluperfect", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permearei", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permearás", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permeará", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permearemos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "permeareis", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "permearão", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permearia", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "first-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permearias", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permearia", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permearíamos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "first-person", "plural" ] }, { "form": "permearíeis", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "permeariam", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permeie", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "present", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "permeies", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "present", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "permeie", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "present", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permeemos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "plural", "present", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "permeeis", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "plural", "present", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "permeiem", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "plural", "present", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permeasse", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "permeasses", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "permeasse", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permeássemos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "permeásseis", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "permeassem", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permear", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "permeares", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "permear", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permearmos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "permeardes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "permearem", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permeia", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permeie", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permeemos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "permeai", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "permeiem", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "não permeies", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "negative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "não permeie", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "negative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "não permeemos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperative", "negative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "não permeeis", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "negative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "não permeiem", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "negative", "plural", "third-person" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "permear (first-person singular present permeio, first-person singular preterite permeei, past participle permeado)", "name": "pt-verb" } ], "hyphenation": [ "per‧me‧ar" ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": {}, "name": "pt-conj" } ], "lang": "Portuguese", "lang_code": "pt", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "60 12 17 12", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 2 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "61 11 16 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "88 12", "kind": "other", "name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "78 22", "kind": "other", "name": "Portuguese verbs ending in -ar", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "63 37", "kind": "other", "name": "Portuguese verbs with e becoming ei when stressed", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "to permeate (to pass through the pores or interstices of)" ], "id": "en-permear-pt-verb-A~1oBzbt", "links": [ [ "permeate", "permeate" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "to pervade (to spread through)" ], "id": "en-permear-pt-verb-y3pwiNvx", "links": [ [ "pervade", "pervade" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(figurative) to pervade (to spread through)" ], "tags": [ "figuratively" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/peʁ.meˈa(ʁ)/", "tags": [ "Brazil" ] }, { "ipa": "[peɦ.meˈa(h)]", "tags": [ "Brazil" ] }, { "ipa": "/peʁ.meˈa(ʁ)/", "tags": [ "Brazil" ] }, { "ipa": "[peɦ.meˈa(h)]", "tags": [ "Brazil" ] }, { "ipa": "/peɾ.meˈa(ɾ)/", "tags": [ "São-Paulo" ] }, { "ipa": "/peʁ.meˈa(ʁ)/", "tags": [ "Rio-de-Janeiro" ] }, { "ipa": "[peʁ.meˈa(χ)]", "tags": [ "Rio-de-Janeiro" ] }, { "ipa": "/peɻ.meˈa(ɻ)/", "tags": [ "Southern-Brazil" ] }, { "ipa": "/pɨɾˈmjaɾ/", "tags": [ "Portugal" ] }, { "ipa": "/pɨɾˈmjaɾ/", "tags": [ "Portugal" ] }, { "ipa": "/pɨɾˈmja.ɾi/", "tags": [ "Portugal", "Southern" ] } ], "word": "permear" }
{ "categories": [ "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Portuguese 2-syllable words", "Portuguese 3-syllable words", "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header", "Portuguese lemmas", "Portuguese terms borrowed from Latin", "Portuguese terms derived from Latin", "Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Portuguese verbs", "Portuguese verbs ending in -ar", "Portuguese verbs with e becoming ei when stressed" ], "derived": [ { "word": "permeação" }, { "word": "permeado" }, { "word": "permeável" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "pt", "2": "la", "3": "permeō", "4": "permeāre", "t": "to pass through" }, "expansion": "Latin permeāre (“to pass through”)", "name": "bor" } ], "etymology_text": "From Latin permeāre (“to pass through”).", "forms": [ { "form": "permeio", "tags": [ "first-person", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permeei", "tags": [ "first-person", "preterite", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permeado", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "pt-conj", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "permear", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "impersonal", "infinitive" ] }, { "form": "permear", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "infinitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permeares", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "infinitive", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permear", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "infinitive", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permearmos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "infinitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "permeardes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "infinitive", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "permearem", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "infinitive", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permeando", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "gerund" ] }, { "form": "permeado", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "masculine", "participle", "past", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permeados", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "masculine", "participle", "past", "plural" ] }, { "form": "permeada", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "feminine", "participle", "past", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permeadas", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "feminine", "participle", "past", "plural" ] }, { "form": "permeio", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permeias", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permeia", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permeamos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "plural", "present" ] }, { "form": "permeais", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "present", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "permeiam", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "present", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permeava", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permeavas", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permeava", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permeávamos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "permeáveis", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "permeavam", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permeei", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "preterite", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permeaste", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "preterite", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permeou", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "preterite", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permeamos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "Brazil", "first-person", "indicative", "plural", "preterite" ] }, { "form": "permeámos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "plural", "preterite" ] }, { "form": "permeastes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "preterite", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "permearam", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "preterite", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permeara", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "pluperfect", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permearas", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "pluperfect", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permeara", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "pluperfect", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permeáramos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "pluperfect", "plural" ] }, { "form": "permeáreis", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "pluperfect", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "permearam", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "pluperfect", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permearei", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permearás", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permeará", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permearemos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "permeareis", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "permearão", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permearia", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "first-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permearias", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permearia", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permearíamos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "first-person", "plural" ] }, { "form": "permearíeis", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "permeariam", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permeie", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "present", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "permeies", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "present", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "permeie", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "present", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permeemos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "plural", "present", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "permeeis", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "plural", "present", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "permeiem", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "plural", "present", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permeasse", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "permeasses", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "permeasse", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permeássemos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "permeásseis", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "permeassem", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permear", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "permeares", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "permear", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permearmos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "permeardes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "permearem", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permeia", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "permeie", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "permeemos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "permeai", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "permeiem", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "não permeies", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "negative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "não permeie", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "negative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "não permeemos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperative", "negative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "não permeeis", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "negative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "não permeiem", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "negative", "plural", "third-person" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "permear (first-person singular present permeio, first-person singular preterite permeei, past participle permeado)", "name": "pt-verb" } ], "hyphenation": [ "per‧me‧ar" ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": {}, "name": "pt-conj" } ], "lang": "Portuguese", "lang_code": "pt", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "to permeate (to pass through the pores or interstices of)" ], "links": [ [ "permeate", "permeate" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "to pervade (to spread through)" ], "links": [ [ "pervade", "pervade" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(figurative) to pervade (to spread through)" ], "tags": [ "figuratively" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/peʁ.meˈa(ʁ)/", "tags": [ "Brazil" ] }, { "ipa": "[peɦ.meˈa(h)]", "tags": [ "Brazil" ] }, { "ipa": "/peʁ.meˈa(ʁ)/", "tags": [ "Brazil" ] }, { "ipa": "[peɦ.meˈa(h)]", "tags": [ "Brazil" ] }, { "ipa": "/peɾ.meˈa(ɾ)/", "tags": [ "São-Paulo" ] }, { "ipa": "/peʁ.meˈa(ʁ)/", "tags": [ "Rio-de-Janeiro" ] }, { "ipa": "[peʁ.meˈa(χ)]", "tags": [ "Rio-de-Janeiro" ] }, { "ipa": "/peɻ.meˈa(ɻ)/", "tags": [ "Southern-Brazil" ] }, { "ipa": "/pɨɾˈmjaɾ/", "tags": [ "Portugal" ] }, { "ipa": "/pɨɾˈmjaɾ/", "tags": [ "Portugal" ] }, { "ipa": "/pɨɾˈmja.ɾi/", "tags": [ "Portugal", "Southern" ] } ], "word": "permear" }
Download raw JSONL data for permear meaning in Portuguese (10.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Portuguese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.