"studium" meaning in Polish

See studium in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈstu.djum/
Rhymes: -udjum Etymology: Learned borrowing from Latin studium. First attested in the 16th century. Etymology templates: {{lbor|pl|la|studium}} Learned borrowing from Latin studium, {{etydate/the|16th century}} the 16th century, {{ref|<span class="cited-source">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class="None" lang="und">2010-2023) “studium”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>|name=}}, {{etydate|16th century|ref=<span class="cited-source">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class="None" lang="und">2010-2023) “studium”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>}} First attested in the 16th century. Head templates: {{pl-noun|n|adj=studialny}} studium n (related adjective studialny) Inflection templates: {{pl-decl-noun-n}} Forms: studialny [adjective], no-table-tags [table-tags], studium [nominative, singular], studia [nominative, plural], studium [genitive, singular], studiów [genitive, plural], studium [dative, singular], studiom [dative, plural], studium [accusative, singular], studia [accusative, plural], studium [instrumental, singular], studiami [instrumental, plural], studium [locative, singular], studiach [locative, plural], studium [singular, vocative], studia [plural, vocative]
  1. learned society, learned academy, scholarly society, academic association Tags: neuter Categories (topical): Education
    Sense id: en-studium-pl-noun-vYY7CNo1 Disambiguation of Education: 76 5 0 0 0 19 0 0 Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish links with manual fragments, Polish links with redundant alt parameters, Polish links with redundant wikilinks Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 34 13 3 8 1 18 8 15 Disambiguation of Polish links with manual fragments: 27 24 3 7 2 16 7 14 Disambiguation of Polish links with redundant alt parameters: 27 23 2 7 1 16 7 17 Disambiguation of Polish links with redundant wikilinks: 28 23 3 7 1 16 7 17
  2. (sciences) study (academic publication) [+ o (locative) = on what] Tags: neuter Categories (topical): Sciences Synonyms: badanie
    Sense id: en-studium-pl-noun-PrrMsR7O Categories (other): Polish links with manual fragments, Polish links with redundant alt parameters, Polish links with redundant wikilinks Disambiguation of Polish links with manual fragments: 27 24 3 7 2 16 7 14 Disambiguation of Polish links with redundant alt parameters: 27 23 2 7 1 16 7 17 Disambiguation of Polish links with redundant wikilinks: 28 23 3 7 1 16 7 17 Topics: sciences
  3. study (meticulous analysis of something) [+ nad (instrumental) = on what] Tags: neuter
    Sense id: en-studium-pl-noun-aK8tf8xn
  4. preparatory work (work that does not have a finished character) Tags: neuter
    Sense id: en-studium-pl-noun-TIv2Ar5Z
  5. study, character study (movie that is analsysis of a type of person) Tags: neuter
    Sense id: en-studium-pl-noun-0nC8jt1Y
  6. (art) study (artwork made in order to practise or demonstrate a subject or technique) Tags: neuter Categories (topical): Art
    Sense id: en-studium-pl-noun-UvLy0yXZ Categories (other): Polish links with manual fragments, Polish links with redundant alt parameters, Polish links with redundant wikilinks Disambiguation of Polish links with manual fragments: 27 24 3 7 2 16 7 14 Disambiguation of Polish links with redundant alt parameters: 27 23 2 7 1 16 7 17 Disambiguation of Polish links with redundant wikilinks: 28 23 3 7 1 16 7 17 Topics: art, arts
  7. (chess) endgame study Tags: neuter Categories (topical): Chess Synonyms: etiuda
    Sense id: en-studium-pl-noun-GnkK6pxn Topics: board-games, chess, games
  8. (Middle Polish) effort; willingness; zeal Tags: Middle, Polish, neuter
    Sense id: en-studium-pl-noun-EcrnsLpG Categories (other): Middle Polish, Polish links with manual fragments, Polish links with redundant alt parameters, Polish links with redundant wikilinks Disambiguation of Polish links with manual fragments: 27 24 3 7 2 16 7 14 Disambiguation of Polish links with redundant alt parameters: 27 23 2 7 1 16 7 17 Disambiguation of Polish links with redundant wikilinks: 28 23 3 7 1 16 7 17
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: studyjum [Middle, Polish], studyum (english: Pre-reform orthography (1816)), studjum (english: Pre-reform orthography (1936)) Derived forms: studia, studium przypadku

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for studium meaning in Polish (8.8kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "studia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "studium przypadku"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "studium"
      },
      "expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin studium",
      "name": "lbor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "16th century"
      },
      "expansion": "the 16th century",
      "name": "etydate/the"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2010-2023) “studium”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>",
        "name": ""
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "16th century",
        "ref": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2010-2023) “studium”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the 16th century.",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin studium. First attested in the 16th century.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "studialny",
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studia",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studiów",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studiom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studia",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studiami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studiach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studia",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n",
        "adj": "studialny"
      },
      "expansion": "studium n (related adjective studialny)",
      "name": "pl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "stu‧dium"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-n"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "34 13 3 8 1 18 8 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 24 3 7 2 16 7 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 23 2 7 1 16 7 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 23 3 7 1 16 7 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "76 5 0 0 0 19 0 0",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Education",
          "orig": "pl:Education",
          "parents": [
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "learned society, learned academy, scholarly society, academic association"
      ],
      "id": "en-studium-pl-noun-vYY7CNo1",
      "links": [
        [
          "learned society",
          "learned society"
        ],
        [
          "learned academy",
          "learned academy"
        ],
        [
          "scholarly society",
          "scholarly society"
        ],
        [
          "academic association",
          "academic association"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Sciences",
          "orig": "pl:Sciences",
          "parents": [
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 24 3 7 2 16 7 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 23 2 7 1 16 7 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 23 3 7 1 16 7 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "study (academic publication) [+ o (locative) = on what]",
        "study (academic publication)"
      ],
      "id": "en-studium-pl-noun-PrrMsR7O",
      "links": [
        [
          "sciences",
          "sciences"
        ],
        [
          "study",
          "study"
        ],
        [
          "o",
          "o#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(sciences) study (academic publication) [+ o (locative) = on what]"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "badanie"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "study (meticulous analysis of something) [+ nad (instrumental) = on what]",
        "study (meticulous analysis of something)"
      ],
      "id": "en-studium-pl-noun-aK8tf8xn",
      "links": [
        [
          "study",
          "study"
        ],
        [
          "nad",
          "nad#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "study (meticulous analysis of something) [+ nad (instrumental) = on what]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "preparatory work (work that does not have a finished character)"
      ],
      "id": "en-studium-pl-noun-TIv2Ar5Z",
      "links": [
        [
          "preparatory work",
          "preparatory work"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "study, character study (movie that is analsysis of a type of person)"
      ],
      "id": "en-studium-pl-noun-0nC8jt1Y",
      "links": [
        [
          "study",
          "study"
        ],
        [
          "character study",
          "character study"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Art",
          "orig": "pl:Art",
          "parents": [
            "Culture",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 24 3 7 2 16 7 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 23 2 7 1 16 7 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 23 3 7 1 16 7 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "study (artwork made in order to practise or demonstrate a subject or technique)"
      ],
      "id": "en-studium-pl-noun-UvLy0yXZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "art",
          "art#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "study",
          "study"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(art) study (artwork made in order to practise or demonstrate a subject or technique)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "art",
        "arts"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Chess",
          "orig": "pl:Chess",
          "parents": [
            "Board games",
            "Tabletop games",
            "Games",
            "Recreation",
            "Human activity",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "endgame study"
      ],
      "id": "en-studium-pl-noun-GnkK6pxn",
      "links": [
        [
          "chess",
          "chess"
        ],
        [
          "endgame study",
          "endgame study"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chess) endgame study"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "etiuda"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "board-games",
        "chess",
        "games"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 24 3 7 2 16 7 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 23 2 7 1 16 7 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 23 3 7 1 16 7 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "effort; willingness; zeal"
      ],
      "id": "en-studium-pl-noun-EcrnsLpG",
      "links": [
        [
          "effort",
          "effort"
        ],
        [
          "willingness",
          "willingness"
        ],
        [
          "zeal",
          "zeal"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Middle Polish) effort; willingness; zeal"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish",
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈstu.djum/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-udjum"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ],
      "word": "studyjum"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "Pre-reform orthography (1816)",
      "word": "studyum"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "Pre-reform orthography (1936)",
      "word": "studjum"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "pl:Ida Kurcz",
    "pl:Stanisław Dubisz"
  ],
  "word": "studium"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Polish 2-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish learned borrowings from Latin",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish links with manual fragments",
    "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Polish neuter nouns",
    "Polish nouns",
    "Polish terms borrowed from Latin",
    "Polish terms derived from Latin",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:Polish/udjum",
    "Rhymes:Polish/udjum/2 syllables",
    "pl:Education"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "studia"
    },
    {
      "word": "studium przypadku"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "studium"
      },
      "expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin studium",
      "name": "lbor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "16th century"
      },
      "expansion": "the 16th century",
      "name": "etydate/the"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2010-2023) “studium”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>",
        "name": ""
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "16th century",
        "ref": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2010-2023) “studium”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the 16th century.",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin studium. First attested in the 16th century.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "studialny",
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studia",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studiów",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studiom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studia",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studiami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studiach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studia",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n",
        "adj": "studialny"
      },
      "expansion": "studium n (related adjective studialny)",
      "name": "pl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "stu‧dium"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-n"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "learned society, learned academy, scholarly society, academic association"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "learned society",
          "learned society"
        ],
        [
          "learned academy",
          "learned academy"
        ],
        [
          "scholarly society",
          "scholarly society"
        ],
        [
          "academic association",
          "academic association"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "pl:Sciences"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "study (academic publication) [+ o (locative) = on what]",
        "study (academic publication)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sciences",
          "sciences"
        ],
        [
          "study",
          "study"
        ],
        [
          "o",
          "o#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(sciences) study (academic publication) [+ o (locative) = on what]"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "badanie"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "study (meticulous analysis of something) [+ nad (instrumental) = on what]",
        "study (meticulous analysis of something)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "study",
          "study"
        ],
        [
          "nad",
          "nad#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "study (meticulous analysis of something) [+ nad (instrumental) = on what]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "preparatory work (work that does not have a finished character)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "preparatory work",
          "preparatory work"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "study, character study (movie that is analsysis of a type of person)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "study",
          "study"
        ],
        [
          "character study",
          "character study"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "pl:Art"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "study (artwork made in order to practise or demonstrate a subject or technique)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "art",
          "art#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "study",
          "study"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(art) study (artwork made in order to practise or demonstrate a subject or technique)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "art",
        "arts"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "pl:Chess"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "endgame study"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chess",
          "chess"
        ],
        [
          "endgame study",
          "endgame study"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chess) endgame study"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "etiuda"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "board-games",
        "chess",
        "games"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle Polish"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "effort; willingness; zeal"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "effort",
          "effort"
        ],
        [
          "willingness",
          "willingness"
        ],
        [
          "zeal",
          "zeal"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Middle Polish) effort; willingness; zeal"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish",
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈstu.djum/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-udjum"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ],
      "word": "studyjum"
    },
    {
      "english": "Pre-reform orthography (1816)",
      "word": "studyum"
    },
    {
      "english": "Pre-reform orthography (1936)",
      "word": "studjum"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "pl:Ida Kurcz",
    "pl:Stanisław Dubisz"
  ],
  "word": "studium"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.