"refutować" meaning in Polish

See refutować in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /rɛ.fuˈtɔ.vat͡ɕ/
Rhymes: -ɔvat͡ɕ Etymology: Adapted borrowing of Latin refūtō + -ować. Etymology templates: {{af|pl|la:refūtō|-ować|type=adap}} Adapted borrowing of Latin refūtō + -ować Head templates: {{pl-verb|impf}} refutować impf Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], refutować [infinitive], refutuję [present, singular], refutujemy [plural, present], refutujesz [present, singular], refutujecie [plural, present], refutuje [present, singular, third-person], refutują [plural, present, third-person], refutuje się [impersonal, present], refutowałem [masculine, past, singular], -(e)m refutował [masculine, past, singular], refutowałam [feminine, past, singular], -(e)m refutowała [feminine, past, singular], refutowałom [neuter, past, singular], -(e)m refutowało [neuter, past, singular], refutowaliśmy [past, plural, virile], -(e)śmy refutowali [past, plural, virile], refutowałyśmy [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)śmy refutowały [nonvirile, past, plural], refutowałeś [masculine, past, singular], -(e)ś refutował [masculine, past, singular], refutowałaś [feminine, past, singular], -(e)ś refutowała [feminine, past, singular], refutowałoś [neuter, past, singular], -(e)ś refutowało [neuter, past, singular], refutowaliście [past, plural, virile], -(e)ście refutowali [past, plural, virile], refutowałyście [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)ście refutowały [nonvirile, past, plural], refutował [masculine, past, singular, third-person], refutowała [feminine, past, singular, third-person], refutowało [neuter, past, singular, third-person], refutowali [past, plural, third-person, virile], refutowały [nonvirile, past, plural, third-person], refutowano [impersonal, past], będę refutował [future, masculine, singular], będę refutować [future, masculine, singular], będę refutowała [feminine, future, singular], będę refutować [feminine, future, singular], będę refutowało [future, neuter, singular], będę refutować [future, neuter, singular], będziemy refutowali [future, plural, virile], będziemy refutować [future, plural, virile], będziemy refutowały [future, nonvirile, plural], będziemy refutować [future, nonvirile, plural], będziesz refutował [future, masculine, singular], będziesz refutować [future, masculine, singular], będziesz refutowała [feminine, future, singular], będziesz refutować [feminine, future, singular], będziesz refutowało [future, neuter, singular], będziesz refutować [future, neuter, singular], będziecie refutowali [future, plural, virile], będziecie refutować [future, plural, virile], będziecie refutowały [future, nonvirile, plural], będziecie refutować [future, nonvirile, plural], będzie refutował [future, masculine, singular, third-person], będzie refutować [future, masculine, singular, third-person], będzie refutowała [feminine, future, singular, third-person], będzie refutować [feminine, future, singular, third-person], będzie refutowało [future, neuter, singular, third-person], będzie refutować [future, neuter, singular, third-person], będą refutowali [future, plural, third-person, virile], będą refutować [future, plural, third-person, virile], będą refutowały [future, nonvirile, plural, third-person], będą refutować [future, nonvirile, plural, third-person], będzie refutować się [future, impersonal], refutowałbym [conditional, masculine, singular], bym refutował [conditional, masculine, singular], refutowałabym [conditional, feminine, singular], bym refutowała [conditional, feminine, singular], refutowałobym [conditional, neuter, singular], bym refutowało [conditional, neuter, singular], refutowalibyśmy [conditional, plural, virile], byśmy refutowali [conditional, plural, virile], refutowałybyśmy [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byśmy refutowały [conditional, nonvirile, plural], refutowałbyś [conditional, masculine, singular], byś refutował [conditional, masculine, singular], refutowałabyś [conditional, feminine, singular], byś refutowała [conditional, feminine, singular], refutowałobyś [conditional, neuter, singular], byś refutowało [conditional, neuter, singular], refutowalibyście [conditional, plural, virile], byście refutowali [conditional, plural, virile], refutowałybyście [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byście refutowały [conditional, nonvirile, plural], refutowałby [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], by refutował [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], refutowałaby [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], by refutowała [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], refutowałoby [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], by refutowało [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], refutowaliby [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], by refutowali [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], refutowałyby [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], by refutowały [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], refutowano by [conditional, impersonal], niech refutuję [imperative, singular], refutujmy [imperative, plural], refutuj [imperative, singular], refutujcie [imperative, plural], niech refutuje [imperative, singular, third-person], niech refutują [imperative, plural, third-person], refutujący [active, adjectival, masculine, participle, singular], refutująca [active, adjectival, feminine, participle, singular], refutujące [active, adjectival, neuter, participle, singular], refutujący [active, adjectival, participle, plural, virile], refutujące [active, adjectival, nonvirile, participle, plural], refutowany [adjectival, masculine, participle, passive, singular], refutowana [adjectival, feminine, participle, passive, singular], refutowane [adjectival, neuter, participle, passive, singular], refutowani [adjectival, participle, passive, plural, virile], refutowane [adjectival, nonvirile, participle, passive, plural], refutując [adjectival, contemporary, participle], refutowanie [noun-from-verb]
  1. (transitive, literary) to rebut, to refute (to deny the truth of something, especially by presenting arguments that disprove it) Tags: imperfective, literary, transitive Synonyms: odpierać zarzuty Related terms: refutacyjny, refutacja
    Sense id: en-refutować-pl-verb-OPKzu1r5 Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Polish adapted borrowings from Latin, Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish terms suffixed with -ować
     
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "la:refūtō",
        "3": "-ować",
        "type": "adap"
      },
      "expansion": "Adapted borrowing of Latin refūtō + -ować",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Adapted borrowing of Latin refūtō + -ować.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "l",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutuję",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutujemy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutujesz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutujecie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutuje",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutują",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutuje się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m refutował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m refutowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m refutowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowaliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy refutowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy refutowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś refutował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś refutowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś refutowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowaliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście refutowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście refutowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę refutował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę refutować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę refutowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę refutować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę refutowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę refutować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy refutowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy refutować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy refutowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy refutować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz refutował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz refutować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz refutowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz refutować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz refutowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz refutować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie refutowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie refutować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie refutowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie refutować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie refutował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie refutować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie refutowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie refutować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie refutowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie refutować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą refutowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą refutować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą refutowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą refutować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie refutować się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym refutował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym refutowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym refutowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowalibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy refutowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy refutowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś refutował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś refutowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś refutowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowalibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście refutowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście refutowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by refutował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by refutowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by refutowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowaliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by refutowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by refutowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowano by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech refutuję",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutujmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutuj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutujcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech refutuje",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech refutują",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutujący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutująca",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutujące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutujący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutujące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowany",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowana",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowani",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutując",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "contemporary",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowanie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf"
      },
      "expansion": "refutować impf",
      "name": "pl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "re‧fu‧to‧wać"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish adapted borrowings from Latin",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ować",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to rebut, to refute (to deny the truth of something, especially by presenting arguments that disprove it)"
      ],
      "id": "en-refutować-pl-verb-OPKzu1r5",
      "links": [
        [
          "rebut",
          "rebut"
        ],
        [
          "refute",
          "refute"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, literary) to rebut, to refute (to deny the truth of something, especially by presenting arguments that disprove it)"
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "refutacyjny"
        },
        {
          "word": "refutacja"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "odpierać zarzuty"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "literary",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/rɛ.fuˈtɔ.vat͡ɕ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔvat͡ɕ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "refutować"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "la:refūtō",
        "3": "-ować",
        "type": "adap"
      },
      "expansion": "Adapted borrowing of Latin refūtō + -ować",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Adapted borrowing of Latin refūtō + -ować.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "l",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutuję",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutujemy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutujesz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutujecie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutuje",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutują",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutuje się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m refutował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m refutowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m refutowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowaliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy refutowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy refutowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś refutował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś refutowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś refutowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowaliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście refutowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście refutowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę refutował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę refutować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę refutowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę refutować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę refutowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę refutować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy refutowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy refutować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy refutowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy refutować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz refutował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz refutować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz refutowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz refutować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz refutowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz refutować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie refutowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie refutować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie refutowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie refutować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie refutował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie refutować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie refutowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie refutować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie refutowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie refutować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą refutowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą refutować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą refutowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą refutować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie refutować się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym refutował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym refutowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym refutowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowalibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy refutowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy refutowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś refutował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś refutowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś refutowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowalibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście refutowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście refutowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by refutował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by refutowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by refutowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowaliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by refutowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowałyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by refutowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowano by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech refutuję",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutujmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutuj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutujcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech refutuje",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech refutują",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutujący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutująca",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutujące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutujący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutujące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowany",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowana",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowani",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutując",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "contemporary",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refutowanie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf"
      },
      "expansion": "refutować impf",
      "name": "pl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "re‧fu‧to‧wać"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "refutacyjny"
    },
    {
      "word": "refutacja"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Polish 4-syllable words",
        "Polish adapted borrowings from Latin",
        "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Polish imperfective verbs",
        "Polish lemmas",
        "Polish literary terms",
        "Polish terms suffixed with -ować",
        "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
        "Polish transitive verbs",
        "Polish verbs",
        "Rhymes:Polish/ɔvat͡ɕ",
        "Rhymes:Polish/ɔvat͡ɕ/4 syllables"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to rebut, to refute (to deny the truth of something, especially by presenting arguments that disprove it)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rebut",
          "rebut"
        ],
        [
          "refute",
          "refute"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, literary) to rebut, to refute (to deny the truth of something, especially by presenting arguments that disprove it)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "odpierać zarzuty"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "literary",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/rɛ.fuˈtɔ.vat͡ɕ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔvat͡ɕ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "refutować"
}

Download raw JSONL data for refutować meaning in Polish (13.1kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (5ee713e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.