See karton in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "kartoniarka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "kartoniarz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "kartonować"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kartón"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"χάρτης",
"χάρτης#Ancient_Greek:_paper"
],
[
"charta",
"charta#Latin:_paper"
],
[
"carta",
"carta#Italian:_paper"
],
[
"*-ō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ō#Proto-Indo-European:_individualizing_nouns"
],
[
"*-Hō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-Hō"
],
[
"-ōnem",
"-o#Latin:_noun"
],
[
"-one",
"-one#Italian:_augmentative"
],
[
"cartone",
"cartone#Italian:_cardboard"
],
[
"carton",
"carton#French:_cardboard"
],
[
"carton",
"carton#French:_cardboard"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fr:carton<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">Dubisz, Stanisław, editor (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2003), “karton”, in <cite>Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego</cite> [<cite>Universal Dictionary of the Polish Language</cite>] (in Polish), volumes 1–4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, <small>→ISBN</small>, <small>→OCLC</small></span></span> !!! <span class=\"cited-source\">Halina Zgółkowa, editor (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1994–2005), “karton”, in <cite>Praktyczny słownik współczesnej polszczyzny</cite>, volumes 1–50, Poznań: Wydawnictwo Kurpisz, <small>→ISBN</small></span></span> !!! <span class=\"cited-source\">Witold Doroszewski, editor (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1958–1969), “karton”, in <cite>Słownik języka polskiego</cite> (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN</span></span> !!! <span class=\"cited-source\">Bańkowski, Andrzej (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2000), “karton”, in <cite>Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego</cite> [<cite>Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language</cite>] (in Polish)</span></span>><id:cardboard>",
"etydate": "second half of the 18th century<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">Samuel Bogumił Linde (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1807–1814), “karton”, in <cite>Słownik języka polskiego</cite></span></span>>",
"id": "cardboard",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek χάρτης (khártēs)bor.\nLatin charta\nItalian carta\nProto-Indo-European *-ōder.\nProto-Indo-European *-Hōder.?\nLatin -ōnem\nItalian -one\nItalian cartonebor.\nFrench cartonbor.\nPolish karton\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"cardboard\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"cardboard\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"paper\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"paper\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"paper\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"χάρτης\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"charta\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"carta\", \"gloss\" : \"paper\", \"lang\" : \"it\" }, { \"id\" : \"augmentative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-ōnem\", \"id\" : \"noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"individualizing nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ō\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-Hō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"-one\", \"gloss\" : \"augmentative suffix\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"cartone\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"carton\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"karton\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-id=\"cardboard\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"karton\" id=\"Polish:_cardboard\">\nBorrowed from French carton. First attested in the second half of the 18th century.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek χάρτης (khártēs)bor.\nLatin charta\nItalian carta\nProto-Indo-European *-ōder.\nProto-Indo-European *-Hōder.?\nLatin -ōnem\nItalian -one\nItalian cartonebor.\nFrench cartonbor.\nPolish karton\nBorrowed from French carton. First attested in the second half of the 18th century.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kartonik",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "kartonowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "karton",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kartony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kartonu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kartonów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kartonowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kartonom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "karton",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kartony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kartonem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kartonami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kartonie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kartonach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kartonie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kartony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"adj": "kartonowy",
"dim": "kartonik"
},
"expansion": "karton m inan (diminutive kartonik, related adjective kartonowy)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kar‧ton"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"kar‧ton"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "karta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "kartonaż"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "kartoniarstwo"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 0 0 29 0 0 30 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Paper",
"orig": "pl:Paper",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cardboard (a wood-based material resembling heavy paper, used in the manufacture of boxes, cartons and signs)"
],
"id": "en-karton-pl-noun-uXqm5lMq",
"links": [
[
"cardboard",
"cardboard#English:_Q389782"
],
[
"wood",
"wood"
],
[
"based",
"based"
],
[
"material",
"material"
],
[
"paper",
"paper"
],
[
"boxes",
"boxes"
],
[
"carton",
"carton"
],
[
"signs",
"signs"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) cardboard (a wood-based material resembling heavy paper, used in the manufacture of boxes, cartons and signs)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "brystol"
},
{
"word": "tektura"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"cardboard box (an industrially prefabricated box made from cardboard, primarily used for packaging goods or materials and often recycled)"
],
"id": "en-karton-pl-noun-DKx-57JH",
"links": [
[
"cardboard box",
"cardboard box#English:_Q1395006"
],
[
"industrially",
"industrially"
],
[
"prefabricated",
"prefabricated"
],
[
"box",
"box"
],
[
"cardboard",
"cardboard"
],
[
"packaging",
"package"
],
[
"goods",
"goods"
],
[
"material",
"material"
],
[
"recycle",
"recycle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) cardboard box (an industrially prefabricated box made from cardboard, primarily used for packaging goods or materials and often recycled)"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"cardboard box (an industrially prefabricated box made from cardboard, primarily used for packaging goods or materials and often recycled)",
"cardboard box (contents of such a box)"
],
"id": "en-karton-pl-noun-pcHVjUT~",
"links": [
[
"cardboard box",
"cardboard box#English:_Q1395006"
],
[
"industrially",
"industrially"
],
[
"prefabricated",
"prefabricated"
],
[
"box",
"box"
],
[
"cardboard",
"cardboard"
],
[
"packaging",
"package"
],
[
"goods",
"goods"
],
[
"material",
"material"
],
[
"recycle",
"recycle"
],
[
"cardboard box",
"cardboard box"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) cardboard box (an industrially prefabricated box made from cardboard, primarily used for packaging goods or materials and often recycled)",
"(countable) cardboard box (contents of such a box)"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Art",
"orig": "pl:Art",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 11 22 17 14 7 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Eastern Kraków Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 3 32 17 27 2 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 6 28 21 14 4 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 5 29 22 15 4 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 5 27 23 15 4 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 5 27 23 15 4 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 5 27 23 15 3 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 25 23 14 4 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 9 19 22 13 6 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 4 28 24 13 6 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 5 27 23 15 3 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 7 28 19 16 3 16",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Containers",
"orig": "pl:Containers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cartoon (drawing on thick paper or canvas used as a pattern for monumental compositions)"
],
"id": "en-karton-pl-noun-SM-Fmo-f",
"links": [
[
"art",
"art#Noun"
],
[
"cartoon",
"cartoon"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, art) cartoon (drawing on thick paper or canvas used as a pattern for monumental compositions)"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"art",
"arts"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Eastern Kraków Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 3 32 17 27 2 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 5 27 23 15 4 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 5 27 23 15 4 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 5 27 23 15 3 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 25 23 14 4 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 9 19 22 13 6 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 4 28 24 13 6 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 5 27 23 15 3 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"machine-made canvas"
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "płótno"
}
],
"id": "en-karton-pl-noun-T3U0If~i",
"links": [
[
"machine",
"machine"
],
[
"made",
"made"
],
[
"canvas",
"canvas"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Eastern Kraków, Gdów, Bochnia) machine-made canvas"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Podlachia Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Textiles",
"orig": "pl:Textiles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 3 32 17 27 2 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 5 19 20 28 3 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Podlachia Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 5 27 23 15 4 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 5 27 23 15 4 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 5 27 23 15 3 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 25 23 14 4 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 9 19 22 13 6 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 4 28 24 13 6 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 5 27 23 15 3 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"percale (fine, closely woven fabric, made from cotton, polyester or a mix of these, and used for sheets and clothing)"
],
"id": "en-karton-pl-noun-byZ6WNft",
"links": [
[
"textiles",
"textiles"
],
[
"percale",
"percale"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete or dialectal, Podlachia, Tykocin, textiles) percale (fine, closely woven fabric, made from cotton, polyester or a mix of these, and used for sheets and clothing)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "perkal"
}
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"manufacturing",
"textiles"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"card (sheet of printed paper)"
],
"id": "en-karton-pl-noun-R7pGFQjT",
"links": [
[
"card",
"card"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) card (sheet of printed paper)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Printing",
"orig": "pl:Printing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 3 32 17 27 2 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 5 27 23 15 4 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 5 27 23 15 4 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 5 27 23 15 3 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 25 23 14 4 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 9 19 22 13 6 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 4 28 24 13 6 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 5 27 23 15 3 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"replacement (newly printed corrected card to replace the incorrect one)"
],
"id": "en-karton-pl-noun-5IFnU7u8",
"links": [
[
"printing",
"printing#Noun"
],
[
"replacement",
"replacement"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, printing) replacement (newly printed corrected card to replace the incorrect one)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"media",
"printing",
"publishing"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkar.tɔn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkar.tɔn/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkar.tɔn]",
"note": "Podlachia"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkar.tɔn]",
"note": "Eastern Kraków"
},
{
"rhymes": "-artɔn"
}
],
"word": "karton"
}
{
"categories": [
"Eastern Kraków Polish",
"Middle Polish",
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Podlachia Polish",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from French",
"Polish terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Polish terms derived from French",
"Polish terms derived from Italian",
"Polish terms derived from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/artɔn",
"Rhymes:Polish/artɔn/2 syllables",
"pl:Containers",
"pl:Paper"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "kartoniarka"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "kartoniarz"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "kartonować"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kartón"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"χάρτης",
"χάρτης#Ancient_Greek:_paper"
],
[
"charta",
"charta#Latin:_paper"
],
[
"carta",
"carta#Italian:_paper"
],
[
"*-ō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ō#Proto-Indo-European:_individualizing_nouns"
],
[
"*-Hō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-Hō"
],
[
"-ōnem",
"-o#Latin:_noun"
],
[
"-one",
"-one#Italian:_augmentative"
],
[
"cartone",
"cartone#Italian:_cardboard"
],
[
"carton",
"carton#French:_cardboard"
],
[
"carton",
"carton#French:_cardboard"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fr:carton<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">Dubisz, Stanisław, editor (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2003), “karton”, in <cite>Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego</cite> [<cite>Universal Dictionary of the Polish Language</cite>] (in Polish), volumes 1–4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, <small>→ISBN</small>, <small>→OCLC</small></span></span> !!! <span class=\"cited-source\">Halina Zgółkowa, editor (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1994–2005), “karton”, in <cite>Praktyczny słownik współczesnej polszczyzny</cite>, volumes 1–50, Poznań: Wydawnictwo Kurpisz, <small>→ISBN</small></span></span> !!! <span class=\"cited-source\">Witold Doroszewski, editor (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1958–1969), “karton”, in <cite>Słownik języka polskiego</cite> (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN</span></span> !!! <span class=\"cited-source\">Bańkowski, Andrzej (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2000), “karton”, in <cite>Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego</cite> [<cite>Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language</cite>] (in Polish)</span></span>><id:cardboard>",
"etydate": "second half of the 18th century<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">Samuel Bogumił Linde (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1807–1814), “karton”, in <cite>Słownik języka polskiego</cite></span></span>>",
"id": "cardboard",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek χάρτης (khártēs)bor.\nLatin charta\nItalian carta\nProto-Indo-European *-ōder.\nProto-Indo-European *-Hōder.?\nLatin -ōnem\nItalian -one\nItalian cartonebor.\nFrench cartonbor.\nPolish karton\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"cardboard\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"cardboard\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"paper\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"paper\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"paper\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"χάρτης\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"charta\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"carta\", \"gloss\" : \"paper\", \"lang\" : \"it\" }, { \"id\" : \"augmentative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-ōnem\", \"id\" : \"noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"individualizing nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ō\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-Hō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"-one\", \"gloss\" : \"augmentative suffix\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"cartone\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"carton\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"karton\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-id=\"cardboard\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"karton\" id=\"Polish:_cardboard\">\nBorrowed from French carton. First attested in the second half of the 18th century.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek χάρτης (khártēs)bor.\nLatin charta\nItalian carta\nProto-Indo-European *-ōder.\nProto-Indo-European *-Hōder.?\nLatin -ōnem\nItalian -one\nItalian cartonebor.\nFrench cartonbor.\nPolish karton\nBorrowed from French carton. First attested in the second half of the 18th century.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kartonik",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "kartonowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "karton",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kartony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kartonu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kartonów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kartonowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kartonom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "karton",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kartony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kartonem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kartonami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kartonie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kartonach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kartonie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kartony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"adj": "kartonowy",
"dim": "kartonik"
},
"expansion": "karton m inan (diminutive kartonik, related adjective kartonowy)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kar‧ton"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"kar‧ton"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "karta"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "kartonaż"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "kartoniarstwo"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"cardboard (a wood-based material resembling heavy paper, used in the manufacture of boxes, cartons and signs)"
],
"links": [
[
"cardboard",
"cardboard#English:_Q389782"
],
[
"wood",
"wood"
],
[
"based",
"based"
],
[
"material",
"material"
],
[
"paper",
"paper"
],
[
"boxes",
"boxes"
],
[
"carton",
"carton"
],
[
"signs",
"signs"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) cardboard (a wood-based material resembling heavy paper, used in the manufacture of boxes, cartons and signs)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "brystol"
},
{
"word": "tektura"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish countable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"cardboard box (an industrially prefabricated box made from cardboard, primarily used for packaging goods or materials and often recycled)"
],
"links": [
[
"cardboard box",
"cardboard box#English:_Q1395006"
],
[
"industrially",
"industrially"
],
[
"prefabricated",
"prefabricated"
],
[
"box",
"box"
],
[
"cardboard",
"cardboard"
],
[
"packaging",
"package"
],
[
"goods",
"goods"
],
[
"material",
"material"
],
[
"recycle",
"recycle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) cardboard box (an industrially prefabricated box made from cardboard, primarily used for packaging goods or materials and often recycled)"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish countable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"cardboard box (an industrially prefabricated box made from cardboard, primarily used for packaging goods or materials and often recycled)",
"cardboard box (contents of such a box)"
],
"links": [
[
"cardboard box",
"cardboard box#English:_Q1395006"
],
[
"industrially",
"industrially"
],
[
"prefabricated",
"prefabricated"
],
[
"box",
"box"
],
[
"cardboard",
"cardboard"
],
[
"packaging",
"package"
],
[
"goods",
"goods"
],
[
"material",
"material"
],
[
"recycle",
"recycle"
],
[
"cardboard box",
"cardboard box"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) cardboard box (an industrially prefabricated box made from cardboard, primarily used for packaging goods or materials and often recycled)",
"(countable) cardboard box (contents of such a box)"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish countable nouns",
"pl:Art"
],
"glosses": [
"cartoon (drawing on thick paper or canvas used as a pattern for monumental compositions)"
],
"links": [
[
"art",
"art#Noun"
],
[
"cartoon",
"cartoon"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, art) cartoon (drawing on thick paper or canvas used as a pattern for monumental compositions)"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"art",
"arts"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Eastern Kraków Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"machine-made canvas"
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "płótno"
}
],
"links": [
[
"machine",
"machine"
],
[
"made",
"made"
],
[
"canvas",
"canvas"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Eastern Kraków, Gdów, Bochnia) machine-made canvas"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Podlachia Polish",
"Polish dialectal terms",
"Polish terms with obsolete senses",
"pl:Textiles"
],
"glosses": [
"percale (fine, closely woven fabric, made from cotton, polyester or a mix of these, and used for sheets and clothing)"
],
"links": [
[
"textiles",
"textiles"
],
[
"percale",
"percale"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete or dialectal, Podlachia, Tykocin, textiles) percale (fine, closely woven fabric, made from cotton, polyester or a mix of these, and used for sheets and clothing)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "perkal"
}
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"manufacturing",
"textiles"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"card (sheet of printed paper)"
],
"links": [
[
"card",
"card"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) card (sheet of printed paper)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses",
"pl:Printing"
],
"glosses": [
"replacement (newly printed corrected card to replace the incorrect one)"
],
"links": [
[
"printing",
"printing#Noun"
],
[
"replacement",
"replacement"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, printing) replacement (newly printed corrected card to replace the incorrect one)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"media",
"printing",
"publishing"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkar.tɔn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkar.tɔn/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkar.tɔn]",
"note": "Podlachia"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkar.tɔn]",
"note": "Eastern Kraków"
},
{
"rhymes": "-artɔn"
}
],
"word": "karton"
}
Download raw JSONL data for karton meaning in Polish (12.2kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Eastern Kraków, Gdów, Bochnia",
"path": [
"karton"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "karton",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Eastern Kraków, Gdów, Bochnia",
"path": [
"karton"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "karton",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Eastern Kraków, Gdów, Bochnia",
"path": [
"karton"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "karton",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Eastern Kraków, Gdów, Bochnia",
"path": [
"karton"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "karton",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Eastern Kraków, Gdów, Bochnia",
"path": [
"karton"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "karton",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Eastern Kraków, Gdów, Bochnia",
"path": [
"karton"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "karton",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: obsolete or dialectal, Podlachia, Tykocin, textiles",
"path": [
"karton"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "karton",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: obsolete or dialectal, Podlachia, Tykocin, textiles",
"path": [
"karton"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "karton",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: obsolete or dialectal, Podlachia, Tykocin, textiles",
"path": [
"karton"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "karton",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: obsolete or dialectal, Podlachia, Tykocin, textiles",
"path": [
"karton"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "karton",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.