See gołąbek in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gołąb",
"3": "-ek"
},
"expansion": "gołąb + -ek",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From gołąb + -ek.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gołąbeczek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-anml",
"dim": "gołąbeczek"
},
"expansion": "gołąbek m animal (diminutive gołąbeczek)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"go‧łą‧bek"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "pigeon, dove",
"word": "gołąb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"diminutive of gołąb; pigeon, dove"
],
"id": "en-gołąbek-pl-noun-r2cEJYNK",
"links": [
[
"endearing",
"endearing"
],
[
"gołąb",
"gołąb#Polish"
],
[
"pigeon",
"pigeon"
],
[
"dove",
"dove"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(often endearing) diminutive of gołąb; pigeon, dove"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"diminutive",
"endearing",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"often"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pigeon or dove hatchling"
],
"id": "en-gołąbek-pl-noun--LJcepHd",
"links": [
[
"hatchling",
"hatchling"
]
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔˈwɔm.bɛk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔˈwɔmp.ki/",
"note": "Near Masovian"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡɔˈɫɔmp.ki]",
"note": "Eastern Lublin"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔmbɛk"
},
{
"homophone": "Gołąbek"
}
],
"word": "gołąbek"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gołąb",
"3": "-ek"
},
"expansion": "gołąb + -ek",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From gołąb + -ek.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gołąbeczek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"dim": "gołąbeczek"
},
"expansion": "gołąbek m inan (diminutive gołąbeczek)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"go‧łą‧bek"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 2 74 5 7 2 5 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 77 4 6 2 5 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 59 22 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 4 68 4 4 4 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Baby animals",
"orig": "pl:Baby animals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 13 61 3 3 3 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Columbids",
"orig": "pl:Columbids",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 72 3 3 3 8 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Foods",
"orig": "pl:Foods",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 4 68 4 4 4 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Male animals",
"orig": "pl:Male animals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 0 97 0 0 0 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "pl:Male people",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 54 9 13 3 10 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Mushrooms",
"orig": "pl:Mushrooms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"any mushroom of the genus Russula"
],
"id": "en-gołąbek-pl-noun-5sWkCl3o",
"links": [
[
"mushroom",
"mushroom"
],
[
"Russula",
"Russula#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔˈwɔm.bɛk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔˈwɔmp.ki/",
"note": "Near Masovian"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡɔˈɫɔmp.ki]",
"note": "Eastern Lublin"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔmbɛk"
},
{
"homophone": "Gołąbek"
}
],
"word": "gołąbek"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gołąb",
"3": "-ek"
},
"expansion": "gołąb + -ek",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From gołąb + -ek.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gołąbeczek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr",
"dim": "gołąbeczek"
},
"expansion": "gołąbek m pers (diminutive gołąbeczek)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"go‧łą‧bek"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"nomp": "gołąbki"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"used as a term of endearment"
],
"id": "en-gołąbek-pl-noun-M3RrulzG",
"links": [
[
"endearing",
"endearing"
],
[
"term of endearment",
"term of endearment#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(endearing) used as a term of endearment"
],
"tags": [
"endearing",
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"lovebird (person)"
],
"id": "en-gołąbek-pl-noun-iOqPoxuZ",
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
],
[
"lovebird",
"lovebird"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(humorous) lovebird (person)"
],
"tags": [
"humorous",
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔˈwɔm.bɛk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔˈwɔmp.ki/",
"note": "Near Masovian"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡɔˈɫɔmp.ki]",
"note": "Eastern Lublin"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔmbɛk"
},
{
"homophone": "Gołąbek"
}
],
"word": "gołąbek"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "کلم",
"t": "cabbage",
"tr": "kalam"
},
"expansion": "Persian کلم (kalam, “cabbage”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "կաղամբ",
"t": "cabbage"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian կաղամբ (kałamb, “cabbage”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain.\n* Per Vasmer and Sławski: a semantic shift from the diminutive due to the similarity in shape.\n* Per Stachowski: finding the above explanation semantically dubious, he instead proposes an Oriental borrowing, pointing out that a similar dish, aside from Eastern Europe, is known in the Levant and Central Asia. He points to Persian کلم (kalam, “cabbage”) or کلم پیچ (kalam pič, “cabbage roll”) – possibly through a Turkic language or Old Armenian կաղամբ (kałamb, “cabbage”) as possible sources, but remains reserved. The word would have later been altered by folk etymology.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gołąbeczek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"dim": "gołąbeczek"
},
"expansion": "gołąbek m inan (diminutive gołąbeczek)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"go‧łą‧bek"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"piece of gołąbki"
],
"id": "en-gołąbek-pl-noun-DKdfmd-2",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 1 27 2 5 1 60 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 7 3 4 1 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 18 3 3 1 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 24 2 3 1 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Poland",
"orig": "pl:Poland",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gołąbki, cabbage roll (traditional Polish dish)"
],
"id": "en-gołąbek-pl-noun-sqqo0i4L",
"links": [
[
"cabbage roll",
"cabbage roll"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the plural) gołąbki, cabbage roll (traditional Polish dish)"
],
"tags": [
"in-plural",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔˈwɔm.bɛk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔˈwɔmp.ki/",
"note": "Near Masovian"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡɔˈɫɔmp.ki]",
"note": "Eastern Lublin"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔmbɛk"
},
{
"homophone": "Gołąbek"
}
],
"word": "gołąbek"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "gołąbek f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"go‧łą‧bek"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "gołąbka"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of gołąbka"
],
"id": "en-gołąbek-pl-noun-R-gp2xCy",
"links": [
[
"gołąbka",
"gołąbka#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔˈwɔm.bɛk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔˈwɔmp.ki/",
"note": "Near Masovian"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡɔˈɫɔmp.ki]",
"note": "Eastern Lublin"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔmbɛk"
},
{
"homophone": "Gołąbek"
}
],
"word": "gołąbek"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 3-syllable words",
"Polish animal nouns",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish noun forms",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ek",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔmbɛk",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔmbɛk/3 syllables",
"pl:Baby animals",
"pl:Columbids",
"pl:Foods",
"pl:Male animals",
"pl:Male people",
"pl:Mushrooms",
"pl:Poland"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gołąb",
"3": "-ek"
},
"expansion": "gołąb + -ek",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From gołąb + -ek.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gołąbeczek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-anml",
"dim": "gołąbeczek"
},
"expansion": "gołąbek m animal (diminutive gołąbeczek)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"go‧łą‧bek"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish diminutive nouns",
"Polish endearing terms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "pigeon, dove",
"word": "gołąb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"diminutive of gołąb; pigeon, dove"
],
"links": [
[
"endearing",
"endearing"
],
[
"gołąb",
"gołąb#Polish"
],
[
"pigeon",
"pigeon"
],
[
"dove",
"dove"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(often endearing) diminutive of gołąb; pigeon, dove"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"diminutive",
"endearing",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"often"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pigeon or dove hatchling"
],
"links": [
[
"hatchling",
"hatchling"
]
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔˈwɔm.bɛk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔˈwɔmp.ki/",
"note": "Near Masovian"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡɔˈɫɔmp.ki]",
"note": "Eastern Lublin"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔmbɛk"
},
{
"homophone": "Gołąbek"
}
],
"word": "gołąbek"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 3-syllable words",
"Polish animal nouns",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish noun forms",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ek",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔmbɛk",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔmbɛk/3 syllables",
"pl:Baby animals",
"pl:Columbids",
"pl:Foods",
"pl:Male animals",
"pl:Male people",
"pl:Mushrooms",
"pl:Poland"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gołąb",
"3": "-ek"
},
"expansion": "gołąb + -ek",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From gołąb + -ek.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gołąbeczek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"dim": "gołąbeczek"
},
"expansion": "gołąbek m inan (diminutive gołąbeczek)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"go‧łą‧bek"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"any mushroom of the genus Russula"
],
"links": [
[
"mushroom",
"mushroom"
],
[
"Russula",
"Russula#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔˈwɔm.bɛk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔˈwɔmp.ki/",
"note": "Near Masovian"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡɔˈɫɔmp.ki]",
"note": "Eastern Lublin"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔmbɛk"
},
{
"homophone": "Gołąbek"
}
],
"word": "gołąbek"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 3-syllable words",
"Polish animal nouns",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish noun forms",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ek",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔmbɛk",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔmbɛk/3 syllables",
"pl:Baby animals",
"pl:Columbids",
"pl:Foods",
"pl:Male animals",
"pl:Male people",
"pl:Mushrooms",
"pl:Poland"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gołąb",
"3": "-ek"
},
"expansion": "gołąb + -ek",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From gołąb + -ek.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gołąbeczek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr",
"dim": "gołąbeczek"
},
"expansion": "gołąbek m pers (diminutive gołąbeczek)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"go‧łą‧bek"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"nomp": "gołąbki"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish endearing terms"
],
"glosses": [
"used as a term of endearment"
],
"links": [
[
"endearing",
"endearing"
],
[
"term of endearment",
"term of endearment#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(endearing) used as a term of endearment"
],
"tags": [
"endearing",
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish humorous terms"
],
"glosses": [
"lovebird (person)"
],
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
],
[
"lovebird",
"lovebird"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(humorous) lovebird (person)"
],
"tags": [
"humorous",
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔˈwɔm.bɛk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔˈwɔmp.ki/",
"note": "Near Masovian"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡɔˈɫɔmp.ki]",
"note": "Eastern Lublin"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔmbɛk"
},
{
"homophone": "Gołąbek"
}
],
"word": "gołąbek"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 3-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish noun forms",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish terms with unknown etymologies",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔmbɛk",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔmbɛk/3 syllables",
"pl:Baby animals",
"pl:Columbids",
"pl:Foods",
"pl:Male animals",
"pl:Male people",
"pl:Mushrooms",
"pl:Poland"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "کلم",
"t": "cabbage",
"tr": "kalam"
},
"expansion": "Persian کلم (kalam, “cabbage”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "կաղամբ",
"t": "cabbage"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian կաղամբ (kałamb, “cabbage”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain.\n* Per Vasmer and Sławski: a semantic shift from the diminutive due to the similarity in shape.\n* Per Stachowski: finding the above explanation semantically dubious, he instead proposes an Oriental borrowing, pointing out that a similar dish, aside from Eastern Europe, is known in the Levant and Central Asia. He points to Persian کلم (kalam, “cabbage”) or کلم پیچ (kalam pič, “cabbage roll”) – possibly through a Turkic language or Old Armenian կաղամբ (kałamb, “cabbage”) as possible sources, but remains reserved. The word would have later been altered by folk etymology.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gołąbeczek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbkach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gołąbki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"dim": "gołąbeczek"
},
"expansion": "gołąbek m inan (diminutive gołąbeczek)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"go‧łą‧bek"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"piece of gołąbki"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"gołąbki, cabbage roll (traditional Polish dish)"
],
"links": [
[
"cabbage roll",
"cabbage roll"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the plural) gołąbki, cabbage roll (traditional Polish dish)"
],
"tags": [
"in-plural",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔˈwɔm.bɛk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔˈwɔmp.ki/",
"note": "Near Masovian"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡɔˈɫɔmp.ki]",
"note": "Eastern Lublin"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔmbɛk"
},
{
"homophone": "Gołąbek"
}
],
"word": "gołąbek"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 3-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish noun forms",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔmbɛk",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔmbɛk/3 syllables",
"pl:Baby animals",
"pl:Columbids",
"pl:Foods",
"pl:Male animals",
"pl:Male people",
"pl:Mushrooms",
"pl:Poland"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "gołąbek f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"go‧łą‧bek"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "gołąbka"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of gołąbka"
],
"links": [
[
"gołąbka",
"gołąbka#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔˈwɔm.bɛk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔˈwɔmp.ki/",
"note": "Near Masovian"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡɔˈɫɔmp.ki]",
"note": "Eastern Lublin"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔmbɛk"
},
{
"homophone": "Gołąbek"
}
],
"word": "gołąbek"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gołąbek meaning in Polish (14.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.