See drumla in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "de",
"3": "Trommel"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from German Trommel",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "trummel"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German trummel",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "goh",
"3": "trumme"
},
"expansion": "Old High German trumme",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Trommel, from Middle High German trummel, from Old High German trumme.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "drumla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drumle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drumli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drumli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drumli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drumle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drumli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drumle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "drumla f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"drum‧la"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"drum‧la"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"genp": "drumli"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "82 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 9 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 17 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 25 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "76 12 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 10 7",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Musical instruments",
"orig": "pl:Musical instruments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Jew's harp"
],
"id": "en-drumla-pl-noun-x5xwAi4h",
"links": [
[
"Jew's harp",
"Jew's harp"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Western Lublin Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Spinning",
"orig": "pl:Spinning",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Female people",
"orig": "pl:Female people",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"woman spinning a distaff while burning a bonfire"
],
"id": "en-drumla-pl-noun-C84ckPSf",
"links": [
[
"spinning",
"spinning"
],
[
"woman",
"woman"
],
[
"spin",
"spin"
],
[
"distaff",
"distaff"
],
[
"burn",
"burn"
],
[
"bonfire",
"bonfire"
]
],
"qualifier": "Western Lublin",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Western Lublin, Janów Lubelski County, Ziółków, Lubartów County, spinning) woman spinning a distaff while burning a bonfire"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"spinning",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Western Lublin Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "27 29 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"english": "Oh you dummy.",
"text": "O ty drumlo.",
"translation": "Oh you dummy.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"epithet"
],
"id": "en-drumla-pl-noun-JKOc3V~8",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"epithet",
"epithet#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "Western Lublin",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Western Lublin, Ponigwoda, derogatory) epithet"
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdrum.la/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈdrum.lʲa]",
"note": "Western Lublin"
},
{
"rhymes": "-umla"
}
],
"word": "drumla"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from German",
"Polish terms derived from German",
"Polish terms derived from Middle High German",
"Polish terms derived from Old High German",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/umla",
"Rhymes:Polish/umla/2 syllables",
"pl:Female people",
"pl:Musical instruments"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "de",
"3": "Trommel"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from German Trommel",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "trummel"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German trummel",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "goh",
"3": "trumme"
},
"expansion": "Old High German trumme",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Trommel, from Middle High German trummel, from Old High German trumme.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "drumla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drumle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drumli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drumli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drumli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drumle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drumli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drumle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "drumla f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"drum‧la"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"drum‧la"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"genp": "drumli"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Jew's harp"
],
"links": [
[
"Jew's harp",
"Jew's harp"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Western Lublin Polish",
"pl:Spinning"
],
"glosses": [
"woman spinning a distaff while burning a bonfire"
],
"links": [
[
"spinning",
"spinning"
],
[
"woman",
"woman"
],
[
"spin",
"spin"
],
[
"distaff",
"distaff"
],
[
"burn",
"burn"
],
[
"bonfire",
"bonfire"
]
],
"qualifier": "Western Lublin",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Western Lublin, Janów Lubelski County, Ziółków, Lubartów County, spinning) woman spinning a distaff while burning a bonfire"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"spinning",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish derogatory terms",
"Polish terms with usage examples",
"Western Lublin Polish"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"english": "Oh you dummy.",
"text": "O ty drumlo.",
"translation": "Oh you dummy.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"epithet"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"epithet",
"epithet#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "Western Lublin",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Western Lublin, Ponigwoda, derogatory) epithet"
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdrum.la/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈdrum.lʲa]",
"note": "Western Lublin"
},
{
"rhymes": "-umla"
}
],
"word": "drumla"
}
Download raw JSONL data for drumla meaning in Polish (3.9kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Western Lublin, Janów Lubelski County, Ziółków, Lubartów County, spinning",
"path": [
"drumla"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "drumla",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Western Lublin, Janów Lubelski County, Ziółków, Lubartów County, spinning",
"path": [
"drumla"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "drumla",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Western Lublin, Janów Lubelski County, Ziółków, Lubartów County, spinning",
"path": [
"drumla"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "drumla",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Western Lublin, Janów Lubelski County, Ziółków, Lubartów County, spinning",
"path": [
"drumla"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "drumla",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Western Lublin, Janów Lubelski County, Ziółków, Lubartów County, spinning",
"path": [
"drumla"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "drumla",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Western Lublin, Janów Lubelski County, Ziółków, Lubartów County, spinning",
"path": [
"drumla"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "drumla",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Western Lublin, Ponigwoda, derogatory",
"path": [
"drumla"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "drumla",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Western Lublin, Ponigwoda, derogatory",
"path": [
"drumla"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "drumla",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.