See dres in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃reǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "en",
"3": "dress"
},
"expansion": "Pseudo-anglicism, derived from dress",
"name": "pseudo-loan"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "enm",
"3": "dressen, dresse"
},
"expansion": "Middle English dressen, dresse",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "fro",
"3": "dresser, drecier"
},
"expansion": "Old French dresser, drecier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "*directiare"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin *directiare",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
"3": "dīrēctus"
},
"expansion": "Latin dīrēctus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃reǵ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Pseudo-anglicism, derived from dress, from Middle English dressen, dresse, from Anglo-Norman, from Old French dresser, drecier, from Late Latin *directiare, from Latin dīrēctus, from dīrigō, from dis- + regō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dresik",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dres",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dresy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dresu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dresów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dresowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dresom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dres",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dresy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dresem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dresami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dresie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dresach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dresie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dresy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"dim": "dresik"
},
"expansion": "dres m inan (diminutive dresik)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"dres"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"dres"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 5 0 36 43 9 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 0 42 46 5 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Clothing",
"orig": "pl:Clothing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "72 28",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Poland",
"orig": "pl:Poland",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sweatsuit, tracksuit"
],
"id": "en-dres-pl-noun-0A92Agok",
"links": [
[
"sweatsuit",
"sweatsuit"
],
[
"tracksuit",
"tracksuit"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dresy"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdrɛs/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛs"
}
],
"word": "dres"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃reǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "en",
"3": "dress"
},
"expansion": "Pseudo-anglicism, derived from dress",
"name": "pseudo-loan"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "enm",
"3": "dressen, dresse"
},
"expansion": "Middle English dressen, dresse",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "fro",
"3": "dresser, drecier"
},
"expansion": "Old French dresser, drecier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "*directiare"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin *directiare",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
"3": "dīrēctus"
},
"expansion": "Latin dīrēctus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃reǵ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Pseudo-anglicism, derived from dress, from Middle English dressen, dresse, from Anglo-Norman, from Old French dresser, drecier, from Late Latin *directiare, from Latin dīrēctus, from dīrigō, from dis- + regō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dres",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dresi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dresy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dresa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dresów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dresowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dresom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dresa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dresów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dresem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dresami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dresie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dresach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dresie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dresi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "dres m pers",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"dres"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"dres"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 5 0 36 43 9 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 0 42 46 5 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish pseudo-loans from English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 91",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "pl:Male people",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "72 28",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Poland",
"orig": "pl:Poland",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "dresowy"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "dresiara"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "dresiarz"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "dresy"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chav (member of a subculture of young males who live in urban tower blocks or tenement houses and are often seen as undereducated, unemployed, aggressive, and anti-social)"
],
"id": "en-dres-pl-noun-l7bdhR24",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"chav",
"chav"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, derogatory) chav (member of a subculture of young males who live in urban tower blocks or tenement houses and are often seen as undereducated, unemployed, aggressive, and anti-social)"
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "dresiarski"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "dresiarsko"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "dresiarstwo"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dresiarz"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"derogatory",
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdrɛs/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛs"
}
],
"word": "dres"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish pseudo-loans from English",
"Polish terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"Polish terms derived from English",
"Polish terms derived from Late Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Middle English",
"Polish terms derived from Old French",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃reǵ-",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛs",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛs/1 syllable",
"pl:Clothing",
"pl:Male people",
"pl:Poland"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃reǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "en",
"3": "dress"
},
"expansion": "Pseudo-anglicism, derived from dress",
"name": "pseudo-loan"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "enm",
"3": "dressen, dresse"
},
"expansion": "Middle English dressen, dresse",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "fro",
"3": "dresser, drecier"
},
"expansion": "Old French dresser, drecier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "*directiare"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin *directiare",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
"3": "dīrēctus"
},
"expansion": "Latin dīrēctus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃reǵ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Pseudo-anglicism, derived from dress, from Middle English dressen, dresse, from Anglo-Norman, from Old French dresser, drecier, from Late Latin *directiare, from Latin dīrēctus, from dīrigō, from dis- + regō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dresik",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dres",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dresy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dresu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dresów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dresowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dresom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dres",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dresy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dresem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dresami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dresie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dresach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dresie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dresy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"dim": "dresik"
},
"expansion": "dres m inan (diminutive dresik)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"dres"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"dres"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"sweatsuit, tracksuit"
],
"links": [
[
"sweatsuit",
"sweatsuit"
],
[
"tracksuit",
"tracksuit"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dresy"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdrɛs/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛs"
}
],
"word": "dres"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish pseudo-loans from English",
"Polish terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"Polish terms derived from English",
"Polish terms derived from Late Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Middle English",
"Polish terms derived from Old French",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃reǵ-",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛs",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛs/1 syllable",
"pl:Clothing",
"pl:Male people",
"pl:Poland"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "dresowy"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "dresiara"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "dresiarz"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "dresy"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃reǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "en",
"3": "dress"
},
"expansion": "Pseudo-anglicism, derived from dress",
"name": "pseudo-loan"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "enm",
"3": "dressen, dresse"
},
"expansion": "Middle English dressen, dresse",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "fro",
"3": "dresser, drecier"
},
"expansion": "Old French dresser, drecier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "*directiare"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin *directiare",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
"3": "dīrēctus"
},
"expansion": "Latin dīrēctus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃reǵ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Pseudo-anglicism, derived from dress, from Middle English dressen, dresse, from Anglo-Norman, from Old French dresser, drecier, from Late Latin *directiare, from Latin dīrēctus, from dīrigō, from dis- + regō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dres",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dresi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dresy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dresa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dresów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dresowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dresom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dresa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dresów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dresem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dresami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dresie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dresach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dresie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dresi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "dres m pers",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"dres"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"dres"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "dresiarski"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "dresiarsko"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "dresiarstwo"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms",
"Polish derogatory terms"
],
"glosses": [
"chav (member of a subculture of young males who live in urban tower blocks or tenement houses and are often seen as undereducated, unemployed, aggressive, and anti-social)"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"chav",
"chav"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, derogatory) chav (member of a subculture of young males who live in urban tower blocks or tenement houses and are often seen as undereducated, unemployed, aggressive, and anti-social)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dresiarz"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"derogatory",
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdrɛs/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛs"
}
],
"word": "dres"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dres meaning in Polish (8.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.