See dowódca in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*de",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/de#Proto-Indo-European:_to"
],
[
"*da",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/da#Proto-Balto-Slavic:_to"
],
[
"*do",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/do#Proto-Slavic:_to"
],
[
"*do-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/do-#Proto-Slavic:_verbal"
],
[
"do-",
"do-#Old_Polish:_verbal"
],
[
"do-",
"do-#Polish"
],
[
"*wedʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wedʰ-#Proto-Indo-European:_lead"
],
[
"*wádīˀtei",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/wádīˀtei"
],
[
"*voditi",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/voditi"
],
[
"wodzić",
"wodzić#Old_Polish"
],
[
"wodzić",
"wodzić#Polish"
],
[
"dowodzić",
"dowodzić#Polish"
],
[
"*-keh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kos"
],
[
"*-ikāˀ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/-ikāˀ"
],
[
"*-ьka",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьka"
],
[
"*-ьca",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьca#Proto-Slavic:_denominal"
],
[
"-ca",
"-ca#Old_Polish:_nominal"
],
[
"-ca",
"-ca#Polish"
],
[
"dowodzić",
"dowodzić#Polish"
],
[
"-ca",
"-ca#Polish"
],
[
"dowódca",
"dowódca#Kashubian"
],
[
"dôwódca",
"dôwódca#Slovincian"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "dowodzić",
"4": "-ca",
"etydate": "1755<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\"><cite>Kuryer Polski</cite> (in Polish), number <span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">123, 1755, page 4</span></span>>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *de\nProto-Balto-Slavic *da\nProto-Slavic *do\nProto-Slavic *do-\nOld Polish do-\nPolish do-\nProto-Indo-European *wedʰ-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *wádīˀtei\nProto-Slavic *voditi\nOld Polish wodzić\nPolish wodzić\nPolish dowodzić\nProto-Indo-European *-keh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-keh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ikāˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ьka\nProto-Slavic *-ьca\nOld Polish -ca\nPolish -ca\nPolish dowódca\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*da\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*do\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*do-\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"do-\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"do-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"lead\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*wedʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*wádīˀtei\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*voditi\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"wodzić\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"wodzić\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"dowodzić\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"denominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-i-keh₂\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-keh₂\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ikāˀ\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьka\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьca\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ca\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ca\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"dowódca\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"dowódca\">\nFrom dowodzić + -ca. First attested in 1755.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "dowódca"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian dowódca",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "dôwódca"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian dôwódca",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *de\nProto-Balto-Slavic *da\nProto-Slavic *do\nProto-Slavic *do-\nOld Polish do-\nPolish do-\nProto-Indo-European *wedʰ-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *wádīˀtei\nProto-Slavic *voditi\nOld Polish wodzić\nPolish wodzić\nPolish dowodzić\nProto-Indo-European *-keh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-keh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ikāˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ьka\nProto-Slavic *-ьca\nOld Polish -ca\nPolish -ca\nPolish dowódca\nFrom dowodzić + -ca. First attested in 1755. Compare Kashubian dowódca and Slovincian dôwódca.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dowódczyni",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "dowódczy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "dca",
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
]
},
{
"form": "d-ca",
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
]
},
{
"form": "dow.",
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dowódca",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dowódcy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dowódce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dowódcy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dowódców",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dowódcy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dowódcom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dowódcę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dowódców",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dowódcą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dowódcami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dowódcy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dowódcach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dowódco",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dowódcy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dowódźca",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr",
"abbr": "dca,d-ca,dow.",
"adj": "dowódczy",
"f": "dowódczyni"
},
"expansion": "dowódca m pers (female equivalent dowódczyni, related adjective dowódczy, abbreviation dca or d-ca or dow.)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"do‧wód‧ca"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"do‧wód‧ca"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "pl:Military",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"commander, commanding officer, leader (one who leads a group of people fighting, especially a military unit)"
],
"id": "en-dowódca-pl-noun-4fVy~Lwg",
"links": [
[
"commander",
"commander"
],
[
"commanding officer",
"commanding officer"
],
[
"leader",
"leader"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "głównodowodzący"
},
{
"word": "komendant"
},
{
"word": "naczelnik"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Warmia Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "45 5 46 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 9 41 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 68 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 68 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 74 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 73 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 54 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 61 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 73 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 48 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ca",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 46 29",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Leaders",
"orig": "pl:Leaders",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gangleader (leader of robbers)"
],
"id": "en-dowódca-pl-noun-3LEZMa0T",
"links": [
[
"gangleader",
"gangleader"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Warmia) gangleader (leader of robbers)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 14 52",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "pl:Male people",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"leader, boss (one who leads a group of people, especially in a group task)"
],
"id": "en-dowódca-pl-noun-tgi~bMbQ",
"links": [
[
"leader",
"leader"
],
[
"boss",
"boss"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) leader, boss (one who leads a group of people, especially in a group task)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"obsolete",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dɔˈvut.t͡sa/"
},
{
"ipa": "/dɔˈvot.t͡sa/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-utt͡sa"
}
],
"word": "dowódca"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 3-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wedʰ- (lead)",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *de",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ca",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/utt͡sa",
"Rhymes:Polish/utt͡sa/3 syllables",
"pl:Leaders",
"pl:Male people",
"pl:Military"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*de",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/de#Proto-Indo-European:_to"
],
[
"*da",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/da#Proto-Balto-Slavic:_to"
],
[
"*do",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/do#Proto-Slavic:_to"
],
[
"*do-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/do-#Proto-Slavic:_verbal"
],
[
"do-",
"do-#Old_Polish:_verbal"
],
[
"do-",
"do-#Polish"
],
[
"*wedʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wedʰ-#Proto-Indo-European:_lead"
],
[
"*wádīˀtei",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/wádīˀtei"
],
[
"*voditi",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/voditi"
],
[
"wodzić",
"wodzić#Old_Polish"
],
[
"wodzić",
"wodzić#Polish"
],
[
"dowodzić",
"dowodzić#Polish"
],
[
"*-keh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kos"
],
[
"*-ikāˀ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/-ikāˀ"
],
[
"*-ьka",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьka"
],
[
"*-ьca",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьca#Proto-Slavic:_denominal"
],
[
"-ca",
"-ca#Old_Polish:_nominal"
],
[
"-ca",
"-ca#Polish"
],
[
"dowodzić",
"dowodzić#Polish"
],
[
"-ca",
"-ca#Polish"
],
[
"dowódca",
"dowódca#Kashubian"
],
[
"dôwódca",
"dôwódca#Slovincian"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "dowodzić",
"4": "-ca",
"etydate": "1755<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\"><cite>Kuryer Polski</cite> (in Polish), number <span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">123, 1755, page 4</span></span>>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *de\nProto-Balto-Slavic *da\nProto-Slavic *do\nProto-Slavic *do-\nOld Polish do-\nPolish do-\nProto-Indo-European *wedʰ-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *wádīˀtei\nProto-Slavic *voditi\nOld Polish wodzić\nPolish wodzić\nPolish dowodzić\nProto-Indo-European *-keh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-keh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ikāˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ьka\nProto-Slavic *-ьca\nOld Polish -ca\nPolish -ca\nPolish dowódca\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*da\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*do\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*do-\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"do-\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"do-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"lead\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*wedʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*wádīˀtei\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*voditi\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"wodzić\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"wodzić\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"dowodzić\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"denominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-i-keh₂\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-keh₂\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ikāˀ\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьka\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьca\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ca\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ca\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"dowódca\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"dowódca\">\nFrom dowodzić + -ca. First attested in 1755.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "dowódca"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian dowódca",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "dôwódca"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian dôwódca",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *de\nProto-Balto-Slavic *da\nProto-Slavic *do\nProto-Slavic *do-\nOld Polish do-\nPolish do-\nProto-Indo-European *wedʰ-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *wádīˀtei\nProto-Slavic *voditi\nOld Polish wodzić\nPolish wodzić\nPolish dowodzić\nProto-Indo-European *-keh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-keh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ikāˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ьka\nProto-Slavic *-ьca\nOld Polish -ca\nPolish -ca\nPolish dowódca\nFrom dowodzić + -ca. First attested in 1755. Compare Kashubian dowódca and Slovincian dôwódca.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dowódczyni",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "dowódczy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "dca",
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
]
},
{
"form": "d-ca",
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
]
},
{
"form": "dow.",
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dowódca",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dowódcy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dowódce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dowódcy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dowódców",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dowódcy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dowódcom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dowódcę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dowódców",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dowódcą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dowódcami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dowódcy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dowódcach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dowódco",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dowódcy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dowódźca",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr",
"abbr": "dca,d-ca,dow.",
"adj": "dowódczy",
"f": "dowódczyni"
},
"expansion": "dowódca m pers (female equivalent dowódczyni, related adjective dowódczy, abbreviation dca or d-ca or dow.)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"do‧wód‧ca"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"do‧wód‧ca"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"commander, commanding officer, leader (one who leads a group of people fighting, especially a military unit)"
],
"links": [
[
"commander",
"commander"
],
[
"commanding officer",
"commanding officer"
],
[
"leader",
"leader"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "głównodowodzący"
},
{
"word": "komendant"
},
{
"word": "naczelnik"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Warmia Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"gangleader (leader of robbers)"
],
"links": [
[
"gangleader",
"gangleader"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Warmia) gangleader (leader of robbers)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"leader, boss (one who leads a group of people, especially in a group task)"
],
"links": [
[
"leader",
"leader"
],
[
"boss",
"boss"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) leader, boss (one who leads a group of people, especially in a group task)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"obsolete",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dɔˈvut.t͡sa/"
},
{
"ipa": "/dɔˈvot.t͡sa/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-utt͡sa"
}
],
"word": "dowódca"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dowódca meaning in Polish (10.3kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Warmia",
"path": [
"dowódca"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dowódca",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Warmia",
"path": [
"dowódca"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dowódca",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.