"but" meaning in Polish

See but in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈbut/, /ˈbut/ [Middle, Polish], /ˈbut/ (note: Chełmno-Dobrzyń), [ˈbut] (note: Suwałki)
Rhymes: -ut Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰewd-der. Proto-Germanic *bautaną Frankish *bautander.? Old French botebor. Old Czech botbor. Old Polish bot Polish but Inherited from Old Polish bot, which see for more on the change in the vowel. Etymology templates: {{etymon|pl|inh|zlw-opl>bot>shoe|id=shoe|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰewd-der. Proto-Germanic *bautaną Frankish *bautander.? Old French botebor. Old Czech botbor. Old Polish bot Polish but, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|pl|zlw-opl|bot|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old Polish bot, {{inh+|pl|zlw-opl|bot}} Inherited from Old Polish bot Head templates: {{pl-noun|m-in,m-anml|aug=bucior|aug2=bucisko|dim=bucik|dim2=butek}} but m inan or m animal (diminutive bucik or butek, augmentative bucior or bucisko) Inflection templates: {{pl-decl-noun-m-anml|accs=but/buta}} Forms: but m inan or [animal-not-person, canonical, masculine], bucik [diminutive], butek [diminutive], bucior [augmentative], bucisko [augmentative], no-table-tags [table-tags], but [nominative, singular], buty [nominative, plural], buta [genitive, singular], butów [genitive, plural], butowi [dative, singular], butom [dative, plural], but [accusative, singular], buta [accusative, singular], buty [accusative, plural], butem [instrumental, singular], butami [instrumental, plural], bucie [locative, singular], butach [locative, plural], bucie [singular, vocative], buty [plural, vocative], bot [alternative], bót [alternative]
  1. shoe (protective covering for the foot, with a bottom part composed of thick leather or plastic sole and often a thicker heel, and a softer upper part made of leather or synthetic material)
    Sense id: en-but-pl-noun-FepB5F0U
  2. shoe (protective covering for the foot, with a bottom part composed of thick leather or plastic sole and often a thicker heel, and a softer upper part made of leather or synthetic material)
    boot (heavy shoe that covers part of the leg)
    Sense id: en-but-pl-noun-K71a8IB7
  3. (Chełmno, unit of measure) Synonym of stopa Synonyms: stopa [synonym, synonym-of]
    Sense id: en-but-pl-noun-6O2KthIp Categories (other): Chełmno Polish
  4. (construction, sailing) keel block (wooden base on which the support that holds the ship's hull during rests for construction) Categories (topical): Construction, Sailing
    Sense id: en-but-pl-noun-KD6DgM0t Topics: business, construction, manufacturing, nautical, sailing, transport
  5. pile shoe (metal tip to a pole that is to be driven into the ground) Categories (topical): Units of measure
    Sense id: en-but-pl-noun-87NS41Ao Disambiguation of Units of measure: 15 15 5 9 36 5 2 12 Categories (other): Pages with 15 entries, Pages with entries, Polish entries with etymology trees, Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish links with manual fragments, Polish links with redundant alt parameters, Polish links with redundant wikilinks, Polish nouns with multiple animacies Disambiguation of Pages with 15 entries: 1 11 6 6 1 5 2 2 0 1 0 0 1 3 0 3 4 4 2 0 3 2 9 0 0 0 1 5 5 1 2 12 1 0 4 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 0 10 6 6 1 6 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 3 5 4 2 0 3 2 10 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 5 0 1 13 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Disambiguation of Polish entries with etymology trees: 14 14 6 9 34 6 1 16 Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 14 14 6 7 38 6 0 15 Disambiguation of Polish links with manual fragments: 13 13 5 16 30 5 1 17 Disambiguation of Polish links with redundant alt parameters: 14 14 6 8 34 6 1 16 Disambiguation of Polish links with redundant wikilinks: 14 14 5 8 35 5 1 16 Disambiguation of Polish nouns with multiple animacies: 15 15 6 10 29 6 4 16
  6. (Chełmno, Suwałki, unit of measure) Synonym of stopa Synonyms: stopa [synonym, synonym-of]
    Sense id: en-but-pl-noun-6O2KthIp1 Categories (other): Chełmno Polish, Suwałki Polish
  7. (obsolete, humorous, in the plural) seventy seven (the number 77 is a game of chance) Tags: humorous, in-plural, obsolete
    Sense id: en-but-pl-noun-xw5nL4G9
  8. (Middle Polish) boot (horse leg protector, worn for therapeutic purposes) Tags: Middle, Polish Categories (topical): Footwear
    Sense id: en-but-pl-noun-NA3A8v4f Disambiguation of Footwear: 4 4 10 5 21 10 0 46 Categories (other): Middle Polish
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: pod butem, z buta, takie buty, czyścibut, łyżka do butów, półbut, pucybut, siedmiomilowe buty, buty pospadały, buty z nóg spadają, słoma z butów wystaje, umarł w butach, idzie luty, podkuj buty, szewc bez butów chodzi, trza być w butach na weselu, kiwać palcem w bucie [imperfective], uszyć buty [perfective], szyć buty [imperfective], wejść w buty [perfective], wchodzić w buty [imperfective], wejść z butami [perfective], wchodzić z butami [imperfective], wyrwać z butów [perfective], wyrywać z butów [imperfective]

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "pod butem"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "z buta"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "takie buty"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "czyścibut"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "łyżka do butów"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "półbut"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "pucybut"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "siedmiomilowe buty"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "buty pospadały"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "buty z nóg spadają"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "słoma z butów wystaje"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "umarł w butach"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "idzie luty, podkuj buty"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "szewc bez butów chodzi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "trza być w butach na weselu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "kiwać palcem w bucie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "uszyć buty"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "szyć buty"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "wejść w buty"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "wchodzić w buty"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "wejść z butami"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "wchodzić z butami"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "wyrwać z butów"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "wyrywać z butów"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "inh",
        "3": "zlw-opl>bot>shoe",
        "id": "shoe",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰewd-der.\nProto-Germanic *bautaną\nFrankish *bautander.?\nOld French botebor.\nOld Czech botbor.\nOld Polish bot\nPolish but",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "bot",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish bot",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "bot"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish bot",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰewd-der.\nProto-Germanic *bautaną\nFrankish *bautander.?\nOld French botebor.\nOld Czech botbor.\nOld Polish bot\nPolish but\nInherited from Old Polish bot, which see for more on the change in the vowel.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "but m inan or",
      "tags": [
        "animal-not-person",
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bucik",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "butek",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bucior",
      "tags": [
        "augmentative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bucisko",
      "tags": [
        "augmentative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "but",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "butów",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "butowi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "butom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "but",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "butem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "butami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bucie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "butach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bucie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bot",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bót",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m-in,m-anml",
        "aug": "bucior",
        "aug2": "bucisko",
        "dim": "bucik",
        "dim2": "butek"
      },
      "expansion": "but m inan or m animal (diminutive bucik or butek, augmentative bucior or bucisko)",
      "name": "pl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "but"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "accs": "but/buta"
      },
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "shoe (protective covering for the foot, with a bottom part composed of thick leather or plastic sole and often a thicker heel, and a softer upper part made of leather or synthetic material)"
      ],
      "id": "en-but-pl-noun-FepB5F0U",
      "links": [
        [
          "shoe",
          "shoe"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "shoe (protective covering for the foot, with a bottom part composed of thick leather or plastic sole and often a thicker heel, and a softer upper part made of leather or synthetic material)",
        "boot (heavy shoe that covers part of the leg)"
      ],
      "id": "en-but-pl-noun-K71a8IB7",
      "links": [
        [
          "shoe",
          "shoe"
        ],
        [
          "boot",
          "boot"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chełmno Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Synonym of stopa"
      ],
      "id": "en-but-pl-noun-6O2KthIp",
      "links": [
        [
          "stopa",
          "stopa#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "unit of measure",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Chełmno, unit of measure) Synonym of stopa"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "stopa"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Construction",
          "orig": "pl:Construction",
          "parents": [
            "Architecture",
            "Engineering",
            "Applied sciences",
            "Art",
            "Technology",
            "Sciences",
            "Culture",
            "All topics",
            "Society",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Sailing",
          "orig": "pl:Sailing",
          "parents": [
            "Nautical",
            "Transport",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "keel block (wooden base on which the support that holds the ship's hull during rests for construction)"
      ],
      "id": "en-but-pl-noun-KD6DgM0t",
      "links": [
        [
          "construction",
          "construction"
        ],
        [
          "sailing",
          "sailing#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "keel",
          "keel"
        ],
        [
          "block",
          "block"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(construction, sailing) keel block (wooden base on which the support that holds the ship's hull during rests for construction)"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "business",
        "construction",
        "manufacturing",
        "nautical",
        "sailing",
        "transport"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "1 11 6 6 1 5 2 2 0 1 0 0 1 3 0 3 4 4 2 0 3 2 9 0 0 0 1 5 5 1 2 12 1 0 4 0 0 0 1 1 0 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 15 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 10 6 6 1 6 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 3 5 4 2 0 3 2 10 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 5 0 1 13 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 1 0 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 6 9 34 6 1 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with etymology trees",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 6 7 38 6 0 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 13 5 16 30 5 1 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 6 8 34 6 1 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 5 8 35 5 1 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 15 6 10 29 6 4 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish nouns with multiple animacies",
          "parents": [
            "Nouns with multiple animacies",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 15 5 9 36 5 2 12",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Units of measure",
          "orig": "pl:Units of measure",
          "parents": [
            "Metrology",
            "Quantity",
            "Applied sciences",
            "Mathematics",
            "Sciences",
            "Formal sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pile shoe (metal tip to a pole that is to be driven into the ground)"
      ],
      "id": "en-but-pl-noun-87NS41Ao",
      "links": [
        [
          "pile shoe",
          "pile shoe"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chełmno Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Suwałki Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Synonym of stopa"
      ],
      "id": "en-but-pl-noun-6O2KthIp1",
      "links": [
        [
          "stopa",
          "stopa#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "unit of measure",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Chełmno, Suwałki, unit of measure) Synonym of stopa"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "stopa"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "seventy seven (the number 77 is a game of chance)"
      ],
      "id": "en-but-pl-noun-xw5nL4G9",
      "links": [
        [
          "humorous",
          "humorous"
        ],
        [
          "seventy seven",
          "seventy seven"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete, humorous, in the plural) seventy seven (the number 77 is a game of chance)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "humorous",
        "in-plural",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 4 10 5 21 10 0 46",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Footwear",
          "orig": "pl:Footwear",
          "parents": [
            "Clothing",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "boot (horse leg protector, worn for therapeutic purposes)"
      ],
      "id": "en-but-pl-noun-NA3A8v4f",
      "links": [
        [
          "boot",
          "boot"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Middle Polish) boot (horse leg protector, worn for therapeutic purposes)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbut/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbut/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbut/",
      "note": "Chełmno-Dobrzyń"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈbut]",
      "note": "Suwałki"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ut"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "bud"
    }
  ],
  "word": "but"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 15 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Polish 1-syllable words",
    "Polish animal nouns",
    "Polish entries with etymology trees",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish inanimate nouns",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish links with manual fragments",
    "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Polish masculine nouns",
    "Polish nouns",
    "Polish nouns with multiple animacies",
    "Polish terms derived from Frankish",
    "Polish terms derived from Old Czech",
    "Polish terms derived from Old French",
    "Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with homophones",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ut",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ut/1 syllable",
    "pl:Footwear",
    "pl:Units of measure"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "pod butem"
    },
    {
      "word": "z buta"
    },
    {
      "word": "takie buty"
    },
    {
      "word": "czyścibut"
    },
    {
      "word": "łyżka do butów"
    },
    {
      "word": "półbut"
    },
    {
      "word": "pucybut"
    },
    {
      "word": "siedmiomilowe buty"
    },
    {
      "word": "buty pospadały"
    },
    {
      "word": "buty z nóg spadają"
    },
    {
      "word": "słoma z butów wystaje"
    },
    {
      "word": "umarł w butach"
    },
    {
      "word": "idzie luty, podkuj buty"
    },
    {
      "word": "szewc bez butów chodzi"
    },
    {
      "word": "trza być w butach na weselu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "kiwać palcem w bucie"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "uszyć buty"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "szyć buty"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "wejść w buty"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "wchodzić w buty"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "wejść z butami"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "wchodzić z butami"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "wyrwać z butów"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "wyrywać z butów"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "inh",
        "3": "zlw-opl>bot>shoe",
        "id": "shoe",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰewd-der.\nProto-Germanic *bautaną\nFrankish *bautander.?\nOld French botebor.\nOld Czech botbor.\nOld Polish bot\nPolish but",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "bot",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish bot",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "bot"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish bot",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰewd-der.\nProto-Germanic *bautaną\nFrankish *bautander.?\nOld French botebor.\nOld Czech botbor.\nOld Polish bot\nPolish but\nInherited from Old Polish bot, which see for more on the change in the vowel.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "but m inan or",
      "tags": [
        "animal-not-person",
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bucik",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "butek",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bucior",
      "tags": [
        "augmentative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bucisko",
      "tags": [
        "augmentative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "but",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "butów",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "butowi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "butom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "but",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "butem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "butami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bucie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "butach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bucie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bot",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bót",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m-in,m-anml",
        "aug": "bucior",
        "aug2": "bucisko",
        "dim": "bucik",
        "dim2": "butek"
      },
      "expansion": "but m inan or m animal (diminutive bucik or butek, augmentative bucior or bucisko)",
      "name": "pl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "but"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "accs": "but/buta"
      },
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "shoe (protective covering for the foot, with a bottom part composed of thick leather or plastic sole and often a thicker heel, and a softer upper part made of leather or synthetic material)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shoe",
          "shoe"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "shoe (protective covering for the foot, with a bottom part composed of thick leather or plastic sole and often a thicker heel, and a softer upper part made of leather or synthetic material)",
        "boot (heavy shoe that covers part of the leg)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shoe",
          "shoe"
        ],
        [
          "boot",
          "boot"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chełmno Polish"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Synonym of stopa"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stopa",
          "stopa#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "unit of measure",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Chełmno, unit of measure) Synonym of stopa"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "stopa"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "pl:Construction",
        "pl:Sailing"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "keel block (wooden base on which the support that holds the ship's hull during rests for construction)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "construction",
          "construction"
        ],
        [
          "sailing",
          "sailing#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "keel",
          "keel"
        ],
        [
          "block",
          "block"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(construction, sailing) keel block (wooden base on which the support that holds the ship's hull during rests for construction)"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "business",
        "construction",
        "manufacturing",
        "nautical",
        "sailing",
        "transport"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "pile shoe (metal tip to a pole that is to be driven into the ground)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pile shoe",
          "pile shoe"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chełmno Polish",
        "Suwałki Polish"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Synonym of stopa"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stopa",
          "stopa#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "unit of measure",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Chełmno, Suwałki, unit of measure) Synonym of stopa"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "stopa"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish humorous terms",
        "Polish terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "seventy seven (the number 77 is a game of chance)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "humorous",
          "humorous"
        ],
        [
          "seventy seven",
          "seventy seven"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete, humorous, in the plural) seventy seven (the number 77 is a game of chance)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "humorous",
        "in-plural",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle Polish"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "boot (horse leg protector, worn for therapeutic purposes)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "boot",
          "boot"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Middle Polish) boot (horse leg protector, worn for therapeutic purposes)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbut/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbut/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbut/",
      "note": "Chełmno-Dobrzyń"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈbut]",
      "note": "Suwałki"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ut"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "bud"
    }
  ],
  "word": "but"
}

Download raw JSONL data for but meaning in Polish (7.4kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
  "msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Polish: 'but m inan or', originally 'but m inan or m animal'",
  "path": [
    "but"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "but",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
  "msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Polish: 'but m inan or', originally 'but m inan or m animal'",
  "path": [
    "but"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "but",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
  "msg": "suspicious related form tags ['masculine', 'animal-not-person', 'canonical']: 'but m inan or' in 'but m inan or m animal (diminutive bucik or butek, augmentative bucior or bucisko)'",
  "path": [
    "but"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "but",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Chełmno, unit of measure",
  "path": [
    "but"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "but",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Chełmno, unit of measure",
  "path": [
    "but"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "but",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Chełmno, Suwałki, unit of measure",
  "path": [
    "but"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "but",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Chełmno, Suwałki, unit of measure",
  "path": [
    "but"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "but",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Chełmno, Suwałki, unit of measure",
  "path": [
    "but"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "but",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Chełmno, Suwałki, unit of measure",
  "path": [
    "but"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "but",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-02 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (db8a5a5 and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.