See Ruska in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "Ruski",
"4": "-a<id:feminine nouns>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nPolish Ruś\nProto-Indo-European *-iskos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-iškas\nProto-Slavic *-ьskъ\nOld Polish -ski\nPolish -ski\nPolish Ruski\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀ\nProto-Slavic *-a\nOld Polish -a\nPolish -a\nPolish Ruska\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-iškas\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьskъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ski\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ski\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"Ruski\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"id\" : \"feminine nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"feminine suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-āˀ\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-a\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"Ruska\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"Ruska\">\nFrom Ruski + -a.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nPolish Ruś\nProto-Indo-European *-iskos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-iškas\nProto-Slavic *-ьskъ\nOld Polish -ski\nPolish -ski\nPolish Ruski\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀ\nProto-Slavic *-a\nOld Polish -a\nPolish -a\nPolish Ruska\nFrom Ruski + -a.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Ruski",
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Ruska",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ruskie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ruskiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ruskich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ruskiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ruskim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ruską",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ruskie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ruską",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ruskimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ruskiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ruskich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ruska",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Ruskie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"m": "Ruski"
},
"expansion": "Ruska f (male equivalent Ruski)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Rus‧ka"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"Rus‧ka"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish ethnic slurs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -a (feminine nouns)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Female people",
"orig": "pl:Female people",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Nationalities",
"orig": "pl:Nationalities",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Russia",
"orig": "pl:Russia",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 95 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 96 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "Russki",
"word": "Ruski"
}
],
"glosses": [
"female equivalent of Ruski (“Russki”)"
],
"id": "en-Ruska-pl-noun-50X3bM~u",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"ethnic",
"ethnic"
],
[
"slur",
"slur"
],
[
"Ruski",
"Ruski#Polish"
],
[
"Russki",
"Russki"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nominalized, derogatory, ethnic slur) female equivalent of Ruski (“Russki”)"
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"ethnic",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"noun-from-verb",
"slur"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrus.ka/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uska"
},
{
"homophone": "ruska"
}
],
"word": "Ruska"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"sk:Female people",
"sk:Nationalities",
"sk:Russia"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "Ruski",
"4": "-a<id:feminine nouns>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nPolish Ruś\nProto-Indo-European *-iskos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-iškas\nProto-Slavic *-ьskъ\nOld Polish -ski\nPolish -ski\nPolish Ruski\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀ\nProto-Slavic *-a\nOld Polish -a\nPolish -a\nPolish Ruska\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-iškas\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьskъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ski\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ski\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"Ruski\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"id\" : \"feminine nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"feminine suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-āˀ\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-a\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"Ruska\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"Ruska\">\nFrom Ruski + -a.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nPolish Ruś\nProto-Indo-European *-iskos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-iškas\nProto-Slavic *-ьskъ\nOld Polish -ski\nPolish -ski\nPolish Ruski\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀ\nProto-Slavic *-a\nOld Polish -a\nPolish -a\nPolish Ruska\nFrom Ruski + -a.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Ruski",
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Ruska",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ruskie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ruskiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ruskich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ruskiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ruskim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ruską",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ruskie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ruską",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ruskimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ruskiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ruskich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ruska",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Ruskie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"m": "Ruski"
},
"expansion": "Ruska f (male equivalent Ruski)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Rus‧ka"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"Rus‧ka"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish derogatory terms",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish ethnic slurs",
"Polish female equivalent nouns",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nominalized adjectives",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms suffixed with -a (feminine nouns)",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/uska",
"Rhymes:Polish/uska/2 syllables",
"pl:Female people",
"pl:Nationalities",
"pl:Russia"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "Russki",
"word": "Ruski"
}
],
"glosses": [
"female equivalent of Ruski (“Russki”)"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"ethnic",
"ethnic"
],
[
"slur",
"slur"
],
[
"Ruski",
"Ruski#Polish"
],
[
"Russki",
"Russki"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nominalized, derogatory, ethnic slur) female equivalent of Ruski (“Russki”)"
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"ethnic",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"noun-from-verb",
"slur"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrus.ka/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uska"
},
{
"homophone": "ruska"
}
],
"word": "Ruska"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Ruska meaning in Polish (6.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.