"کم" meaning in Persian

See کم in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: [kam] [Classical-Persian], [kʰäm] [Dari, formal], [kʰäm] [Dari, formal], [kʰäm] [Kabuli], [kʰäm] (note: Hazaragi), [kʰʲæm] [Iran, formal], [kʰäm] [Tajik, formal] Forms: kam [romanization], کمتَر [comparative], کمتَرین [superlative]
Etymology: From Middle Persian 𐭪𐭬 (km /⁠kam⁠/, “little, small”), from Proto-Iranian *kam(b)-na- (“small”), from Proto-Iranian *kamb- (“small”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kambʰ (“few, small, insignificant”), probably related to Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“to arise, begin; new, fresh”). Etymology templates: {{inh|fa|pal|𐭪𐭬||little, small|ts=kam}} Middle Persian 𐭪𐭬 (km /⁠kam⁠/, “little, small”), {{inh|fa|ira-pro|*kam(b)-na-|t=small}} Proto-Iranian *kam(b)-na- (“small”), {{inh|fa|ira-pro|*kamb-|t=small}} Proto-Iranian *kamb- (“small”), {{inh|fa|iir-pro|*kambʰ|t=few, small, insignificant}} Proto-Indo-Iranian *kambʰ (“few, small, insignificant”), {{cog|ine-pro|*ken-|t=to arise, begin; new, fresh}} Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“to arise, begin; new, fresh”) Head templates: {{fa-adj|c=+|tr=kam}} کم • (kam) (comparative کمتَر (kam-tar), superlative کمتَرین (kam-tarin))
  1. few, little
    Sense id: en-کم-fa-adj-zLL5U~F-
  2. scarce, rare, lacking
    Sense id: en-کم-fa-adj-oPxxevq5 Categories (other): Automatic Inscriptional Pahlavi transliterations containing ambiguous characters Disambiguation of Automatic Inscriptional Pahlavi transliterations containing ambiguous characters: 42 58
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1 Derived forms: کم کردن (kam kardan) (english: to reduce, to lessen), کم شدن (kam šodan) (english: to be diminished, to be reduced), کم آمدن (kam âmadan) (english: to run short, to become lacking), کم گرفتن (kam gereftan) (english: to slight, to look down on), کم دادن (kam dâdan) (english: to shortchange), کمخوابی (kam-xâbi), کمخونی (kam-xuni), کمحرف (kam-harf), کمرنگ (kamrang), کمکم (kam-kam), کمبخت (kam-baxt)

Noun

Forms: kom [romanization]
Head templates: {{head|fa|noun|||||||f1tr=|f2tr=|f3tr=|head=|head2=|head3=|tr=kom|tr2=|tr3=}} کم • (kom), {{fa-noun|tr=kom}} کم • (kom)
  1. (dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) Alternative form of شکم (šekam, “belly; abdomen; tummy; stomach”) Tags: Dashtestan, Khesht, Konartakhteh, alt-of, alternative, dialectal Alternative form of: شکم (extra: šekam, “belly; abdomen; tummy; stomach”) Categories (topical): Anatomy Derived forms: کمگنده (kom-gonde) (english: potbellied)
    Sense id: en-کم-fa-noun-d6DzoC7o Disambiguation of Anatomy: 3 4 60 33 Categories (other): Dashtestani Persian
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Pronoun

Forms: kam [romanization]
Head templates: {{head|fa|pronoun|tr=kam}} کم • (kam)
  1. (dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh) Alternative form of کدام (kodâm, “which”) Tags: Khesht, Konartakhteh, alt-of, alternative, dialectal Alternative form of: کدام (extra: kodâm, “which”)
    Sense id: en-کم-fa-pron-IRK7-lbG Categories (other): Persian entries with incorrect language header, Persian pronouns Disambiguation of Persian entries with incorrect language header: 9 15 26 50 Disambiguation of Persian pronouns: 24 9 13 54
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to reduce, to lessen",
      "roman": "kam kardan",
      "word": "کم کردن"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to be diminished, to be reduced",
      "roman": "kam šodan",
      "word": "کم شدن"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to run short, to become lacking",
      "roman": "kam âmadan",
      "word": "کم آمدن"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to slight, to look down on",
      "roman": "kam gereftan",
      "word": "کم گرفتن"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to shortchange",
      "roman": "kam dâdan",
      "word": "کم دادن"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "kam-xâbi",
      "word": "کمخوابی"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "kam-xuni",
      "word": "کمخونی"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "kam-harf",
      "word": "کمحرف"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "kamrang",
      "word": "کمرنگ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "kam-kam",
      "word": "کمکم"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "kam-baxt",
      "word": "کمبخت"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Indic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "as",
            "2": "কম"
          },
          "expansion": "Assamese: কম (kom)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Assamese: কম (kom)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bn",
            "2": "কম"
          },
          "expansion": "Bengali: কম (kom)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bengali: কম (kom)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bal",
            "2": "کم"
          },
          "expansion": "Baluchi: کم",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Baluchi: کم"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-hnd",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Hindustani:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Hindustani:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hi",
            "2": "कम",
            "3": "कम-"
          },
          "expansion": "Hindi: कम (kam), कम- (kam-)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Hindi: कम (kam), कम- (kam-)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ur",
            "2": "کم",
            "tr": "kam"
          },
          "expansion": "Urdu: کم (kam)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Urdu: کم (kam)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ks",
            "2": "کم"
          },
          "expansion": "Kashmiri: کم (km)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kashmiri: کم (km)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mr",
            "2": "कमी"
          },
          "expansion": "Marathi: कमी (kamī)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Marathi: कमी (kamī)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ne",
            "2": "कम"
          },
          "expansion": "Nepali: कम (kam)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Nepali: कम (kam)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "or",
            "2": "କମ"
          },
          "expansion": "Odia: କମ (kama)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Odia: କମ (kama)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "borrowed",
            "2": "→"
          },
          "expansion": "→",
          "name": "tooltip"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Punjabi:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pa",
            "2": "ਕਮ",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Gurmukhi script: ਕਮ (kam)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gurmukhi script: ਕਮ (kam)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pa",
            "2": "کم",
            "sclb": "1",
            "tr": "kam"
          },
          "expansion": "Shahmukhi script: کم (kam)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Shahmukhi script: کم (kam)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sat",
            "2": "ᱠᱚᱢ"
          },
          "expansion": "Santali: ᱠᱚᱢ (kôm)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Santali: ᱠᱚᱢ (kôm)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ta",
            "2": "கம்மி",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Tamil: கம்மி (kammi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Tamil: கம்மி (kammi)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "az",
            "2": "kəm",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Azerbaijani: kəm",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Azerbaijani: kəm"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ba",
            "2": "кәм",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "insufficient, scarce; inferior"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Bashkir: кәм (kəm, “insufficient, scarce; inferior”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Bashkir: кәм (kəm, “insufficient, scarce; inferior”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "phl",
            "2": "kam",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Phalura: kam",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Phalura: kam"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kk",
            "2": "кем",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Kazakh: кем (kem)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Kazakh: кем (kem)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tt",
            "2": "ким",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Tatar: ким (kim)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Tatar: ким (kim)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uz",
            "2": "kam",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Uzbek: kam",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Uzbek: kam"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yai",
            "2": "кам",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Yagnobi: кам (kam)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Yagnobi: кам (kam)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "pal",
        "3": "𐭪𐭬",
        "4": "",
        "5": "little, small",
        "ts": "kam"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭪𐭬 (km /⁠kam⁠/, “little, small”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ira-pro",
        "3": "*kam(b)-na-",
        "t": "small"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Iranian *kam(b)-na- (“small”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ira-pro",
        "3": "*kamb-",
        "t": "small"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Iranian *kamb- (“small”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "iir-pro",
        "3": "*kambʰ",
        "t": "few, small, insignificant"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *kambʰ (“few, small, insignificant”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ken-",
        "t": "to arise, begin; new, fresh"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“to arise, begin; new, fresh”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Persian 𐭪𐭬 (km /⁠kam⁠/, “little, small”), from Proto-Iranian *kam(b)-na- (“small”), from Proto-Iranian *kamb- (“small”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kambʰ (“few, small, insignificant”), probably related to Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“to arise, begin; new, fresh”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kam",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "کمتَر",
      "roman": "kam-tar",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "کمتَرین",
      "roman": "kam-tarin",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "c": "+",
        "tr": "kam"
      },
      "expansion": "کم • (kam) (comparative کمتَر (kam-tar), superlative کمتَرین (kam-tarin))",
      "name": "fa-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Persian",
  "lang_code": "fa",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "زیاد"
        },
        {
          "word": "خیلی"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "few, little"
      ],
      "id": "en-کم-fa-adj-zLL5U~F-",
      "links": [
        [
          "few",
          "few"
        ],
        [
          "little",
          "little"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "42 58",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Automatic Inscriptional Pahlavi transliterations containing ambiguous characters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "scarce, rare, lacking"
      ],
      "id": "en-کم-fa-adj-oPxxevq5",
      "links": [
        [
          "scarce",
          "scarce"
        ],
        [
          "rare",
          "rare"
        ],
        [
          "lacking",
          "lacking"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[kam]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Persian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰäm]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰäm]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰäm]",
      "tags": [
        "Kabuli"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰäm]",
      "note": "Hazaragi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰʲæm]",
      "tags": [
        "Iran",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰäm]",
      "tags": [
        "Tajik",
        "formal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "کم"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kom",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "f1tr": "",
        "f2tr": "",
        "f3tr": "",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "tr": "kom",
        "tr2": "",
        "tr3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "کم • (kom)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "tr": "kom"
      },
      "expansion": "کم • (kom)",
      "name": "fa-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Persian",
  "lang_code": "fa",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "šekam, “belly; abdomen; tummy; stomach”",
          "word": "شکم"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dashtestani Persian",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 4 60 33",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "fa",
          "name": "Anatomy",
          "orig": "fa:Anatomy",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Medicine",
            "Sciences",
            "Healthcare",
            "All topics",
            "Health",
            "Fundamental",
            "Body"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "potbellied",
          "roman": "kom-gonde",
          "word": "کمگنده"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of شکم (šekam, “belly; abdomen; tummy; stomach”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-کم-fa-noun-d6DzoC7o",
      "links": [
        [
          "شکم",
          "شکم#Persian"
        ],
        [
          "belly",
          "belly"
        ],
        [
          "abdomen",
          "abdomen"
        ],
        [
          "tummy",
          "tummy"
        ],
        [
          "stomach",
          "stomach"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) Alternative form of شکم (šekam, “belly; abdomen; tummy; stomach”)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Dashtestan",
        "Khesht",
        "Konartakhteh",
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "dialectal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "کم"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kam",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "pronoun",
        "tr": "kam"
      },
      "expansion": "کم • (kam)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Persian",
  "lang_code": "fa",
  "pos": "pron",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "kodâm, “which”",
          "word": "کدام"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 15 26 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 9 13 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Persian pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of کدام (kodâm, “which”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-کم-fa-pron-IRK7-lbG",
      "links": [
        [
          "کدام",
          "کدام#Persian"
        ],
        [
          "which",
          "which"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh) Alternative form of کدام (kodâm, “which”)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Khesht",
        "Konartakhteh",
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "dialectal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "کم"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Automatic Inscriptional Pahlavi transliterations containing ambiguous characters",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Persian adjectives",
    "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Persian lemmas",
    "Persian pronouns",
    "Persian terms derived from Middle Persian",
    "Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
    "Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
    "Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian",
    "Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
    "Persian terms inherited from Proto-Iranian",
    "Persian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "fa:Anatomy",
    "pt:Hygiene"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "to reduce, to lessen",
      "roman": "kam kardan",
      "word": "کم کردن"
    },
    {
      "english": "to be diminished, to be reduced",
      "roman": "kam šodan",
      "word": "کم شدن"
    },
    {
      "english": "to run short, to become lacking",
      "roman": "kam âmadan",
      "word": "کم آمدن"
    },
    {
      "english": "to slight, to look down on",
      "roman": "kam gereftan",
      "word": "کم گرفتن"
    },
    {
      "english": "to shortchange",
      "roman": "kam dâdan",
      "word": "کم دادن"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kam-xâbi",
      "word": "کمخوابی"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kam-xuni",
      "word": "کمخونی"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kam-harf",
      "word": "کمحرف"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kamrang",
      "word": "کمرنگ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kam-kam",
      "word": "کمکم"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kam-baxt",
      "word": "کمبخت"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Indic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "as",
            "2": "কম"
          },
          "expansion": "Assamese: কম (kom)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Assamese: কম (kom)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bn",
            "2": "কম"
          },
          "expansion": "Bengali: কম (kom)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bengali: কম (kom)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bal",
            "2": "کم"
          },
          "expansion": "Baluchi: کم",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Baluchi: کم"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-hnd",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Hindustani:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Hindustani:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hi",
            "2": "कम",
            "3": "कम-"
          },
          "expansion": "Hindi: कम (kam), कम- (kam-)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Hindi: कम (kam), कम- (kam-)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ur",
            "2": "کم",
            "tr": "kam"
          },
          "expansion": "Urdu: کم (kam)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Urdu: کم (kam)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ks",
            "2": "کم"
          },
          "expansion": "Kashmiri: کم (km)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kashmiri: کم (km)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mr",
            "2": "कमी"
          },
          "expansion": "Marathi: कमी (kamī)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Marathi: कमी (kamī)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ne",
            "2": "कम"
          },
          "expansion": "Nepali: कम (kam)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Nepali: कम (kam)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "or",
            "2": "କମ"
          },
          "expansion": "Odia: କମ (kama)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Odia: କମ (kama)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "borrowed",
            "2": "→"
          },
          "expansion": "→",
          "name": "tooltip"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Punjabi:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pa",
            "2": "ਕਮ",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Gurmukhi script: ਕਮ (kam)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gurmukhi script: ਕਮ (kam)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pa",
            "2": "کم",
            "sclb": "1",
            "tr": "kam"
          },
          "expansion": "Shahmukhi script: کم (kam)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Shahmukhi script: کم (kam)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sat",
            "2": "ᱠᱚᱢ"
          },
          "expansion": "Santali: ᱠᱚᱢ (kôm)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Santali: ᱠᱚᱢ (kôm)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ta",
            "2": "கம்மி",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Tamil: கம்மி (kammi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Tamil: கம்மி (kammi)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "az",
            "2": "kəm",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Azerbaijani: kəm",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Azerbaijani: kəm"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ba",
            "2": "кәм",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "insufficient, scarce; inferior"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Bashkir: кәм (kəm, “insufficient, scarce; inferior”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Bashkir: кәм (kəm, “insufficient, scarce; inferior”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "phl",
            "2": "kam",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Phalura: kam",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Phalura: kam"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kk",
            "2": "кем",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Kazakh: кем (kem)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Kazakh: кем (kem)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tt",
            "2": "ким",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Tatar: ким (kim)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Tatar: ким (kim)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uz",
            "2": "kam",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Uzbek: kam",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Uzbek: kam"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yai",
            "2": "кам",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Yagnobi: кам (kam)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Yagnobi: кам (kam)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "pal",
        "3": "𐭪𐭬",
        "4": "",
        "5": "little, small",
        "ts": "kam"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭪𐭬 (km /⁠kam⁠/, “little, small”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ira-pro",
        "3": "*kam(b)-na-",
        "t": "small"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Iranian *kam(b)-na- (“small”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ira-pro",
        "3": "*kamb-",
        "t": "small"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Iranian *kamb- (“small”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "iir-pro",
        "3": "*kambʰ",
        "t": "few, small, insignificant"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *kambʰ (“few, small, insignificant”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ken-",
        "t": "to arise, begin; new, fresh"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“to arise, begin; new, fresh”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Persian 𐭪𐭬 (km /⁠kam⁠/, “little, small”), from Proto-Iranian *kam(b)-na- (“small”), from Proto-Iranian *kamb- (“small”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kambʰ (“few, small, insignificant”), probably related to Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“to arise, begin; new, fresh”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kam",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "کمتَر",
      "roman": "kam-tar",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "کمتَرین",
      "roman": "kam-tarin",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "c": "+",
        "tr": "kam"
      },
      "expansion": "کم • (kam) (comparative کمتَر (kam-tar), superlative کمتَرین (kam-tarin))",
      "name": "fa-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Persian",
  "lang_code": "fa",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "زیاد"
        },
        {
          "word": "خیلی"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "few, little"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "few",
          "few"
        ],
        [
          "little",
          "little"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "scarce, rare, lacking"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "scarce",
          "scarce"
        ],
        [
          "rare",
          "rare"
        ],
        [
          "lacking",
          "lacking"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[kam]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Persian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰäm]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰäm]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰäm]",
      "tags": [
        "Kabuli"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰäm]",
      "note": "Hazaragi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰʲæm]",
      "tags": [
        "Iran",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰäm]",
      "tags": [
        "Tajik",
        "formal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "کم"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Persian lemmas",
    "Persian nouns",
    "Persian pronouns",
    "fa:Anatomy"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "potbellied",
      "roman": "kom-gonde",
      "word": "کمگنده"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kom",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "f1tr": "",
        "f2tr": "",
        "f3tr": "",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "tr": "kom",
        "tr2": "",
        "tr3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "کم • (kom)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "tr": "kom"
      },
      "expansion": "کم • (kom)",
      "name": "fa-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Persian",
  "lang_code": "fa",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "šekam, “belly; abdomen; tummy; stomach”",
          "word": "شکم"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Dashtestani Persian",
        "Persian dialectal terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of شکم (šekam, “belly; abdomen; tummy; stomach”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "شکم",
          "شکم#Persian"
        ],
        [
          "belly",
          "belly"
        ],
        [
          "abdomen",
          "abdomen"
        ],
        [
          "tummy",
          "tummy"
        ],
        [
          "stomach",
          "stomach"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) Alternative form of شکم (šekam, “belly; abdomen; tummy; stomach”)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Dashtestan",
        "Khesht",
        "Konartakhteh",
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "dialectal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "کم"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Persian lemmas",
    "Persian pronouns",
    "fa:Anatomy"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kam",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "pronoun",
        "tr": "kam"
      },
      "expansion": "کم • (kam)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Persian",
  "lang_code": "fa",
  "pos": "pron",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "kodâm, “which”",
          "word": "کدام"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Persian dialectal terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of کدام (kodâm, “which”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "کدام",
          "کدام#Persian"
        ],
        [
          "which",
          "which"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh) Alternative form of کدام (kodâm, “which”)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Khesht",
        "Konartakhteh",
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "dialectal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "کم"
}

Download raw JSONL data for کم meaning in Persian (9.4kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Persian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.