"رقیب" meaning in Persian

See رقیب in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [ɾa.ˈqiːβ] [Classical-Persian], [rä.qíːb] [Dari, formal], [rä.qíːb] [Dari, formal], [rä.qíːb] [Kabuli], [rä.qíb̥] (note: Hazaragi), [ɹæ.ʁíːb̥] [Iran, formal], [ɾä.qíb] [Tajik, formal] Forms: raqib [romanization], رقیبان [plural], رقیبها [plural], رقبا [plural]
Etymology: Borrowed from Arabic رَقِيب (raqīb, “guardian, keeper”). The semantic shift is already found in medieval poetry: "guardian of the beloved [who prevents the lover from seeing her]" > "rival in love" > "rival, competitor [in general]." Etymology templates: {{bor+|fa|ar|رَقِيب|t=guardian, keeper}} Borrowed from Arabic رَقِيب (raqīb, “guardian, keeper”), {{root|fa|ar|ر ق ب}} Head templates: {{head|fa|noun|plural|رقیبان|or|رقیبها|or|رقبا|f1tr=raqibân|f2tr=raqib-hâ|f3tr=roqabâ|head=|head2=|head3=|tr=raqib|tr2=|tr3=}} رقیب • (raqib) (plural رقیبان (raqibân) or رقیبها (raqib-hâ) or رقبا (roqabâ)), {{fa-noun|pl=رقیبان|pl2=رقیبها|pl3=رقبا|pl3tr=roqabâ|tr=raqib}} رقیب • (raqib) (plural رقیبان (raqibân) or رقیبها (raqib-hâ) or رقبا (roqabâ))
  1. rival, competitor, adversary, antagonist
    Sense id: en-رقیب-fa-noun-YXRPfMTM Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Persian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 70 30 Disambiguation of Persian entries with incorrect language header: 71 29
  2. (archaic, original sense) guardian, keeper Tags: archaic Synonyms: نگهبان
    Sense id: en-رقیب-fa-noun-u9L7N1Hq
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "az",
            "2": "rəqib",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Azerbaijani: rəqib",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Azerbaijani: rəqib"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ka",
            "2": "რაყიფი",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Georgian: რაყიფი (raq̇ipi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Georgian: რაყიფი (raq̇ipi)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-hnd",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Hindustani:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Hindustani:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hi",
            "2": "रक़ीब"
          },
          "expansion": "Hindi: रक़ीब (raqīb)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Hindi: रक़ीब (raqīb)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ur",
            "2": "رَقِیب"
          },
          "expansion": "Urdu: رَقِیب (raqīb)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Urdu: رَقِیب (raqīb)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ota",
            "2": "رقیب",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "rakib"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ottoman Turkish: رقیب (rakib)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ottoman Turkish: رقیب (rakib)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ar",
        "3": "رَقِيب",
        "t": "guardian, keeper"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Arabic رَقِيب (raqīb, “guardian, keeper”)",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ar",
        "3": "ر ق ب"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Arabic رَقِيب (raqīb, “guardian, keeper”). The semantic shift is already found in medieval poetry: \"guardian of the beloved [who prevents the lover from seeing her]\" > \"rival in love\" > \"rival, competitor [in general].\"",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "raqib",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "رقیبان",
      "roman": "raqibân",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "رقیبها",
      "roman": "raqib-hâ",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "رقبا",
      "roman": "roqabâ",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "plural",
        "4": "رقیبان",
        "5": "or",
        "6": "رقیبها",
        "7": "or",
        "8": "رقبا",
        "f1tr": "raqibân",
        "f2tr": "raqib-hâ",
        "f3tr": "roqabâ",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "tr": "raqib",
        "tr2": "",
        "tr3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "رقیب • (raqib) (plural رقیبان (raqibân) or رقیبها (raqib-hâ) or رقبا (roqabâ))",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "pl": "رقیبان",
        "pl2": "رقیبها",
        "pl3": "رقبا",
        "pl3tr": "roqabâ",
        "tr": "raqib"
      },
      "expansion": "رقیب • (raqib) (plural رقیبان (raqibân) or رقیبها (raqib-hâ) or رقبا (roqabâ))",
      "name": "fa-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Persian",
  "lang_code": "fa",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "70 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Every moment, you cast looks at [my] rivals [in love]: such a pity, alas!\nWhy do you waste your glances in such a way?",
          "ref": "c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 98:",
          "roman": "bar raqībān afkanī har dam nazar hayf u dirēğ\nīnčunīn zāyi' či mēsāzī nigāh-i xwēš rā",
          "text": "بر رقیبان افکنی هر دم نظر حیف و دریغ\nاینچنین ضایع چه میسازی نگاه خویش را",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "rival, competitor, adversary, antagonist"
      ],
      "id": "en-رقیب-fa-noun-YXRPfMTM",
      "links": [
        [
          "rival",
          "rival"
        ],
        [
          "competitor",
          "competitor"
        ],
        [
          "adversary",
          "adversary"
        ],
        [
          "antagonist",
          "antagonist"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "guardian, keeper"
      ],
      "id": "en-رقیب-fa-noun-u9L7N1Hq",
      "links": [
        [
          "guardian",
          "guardian"
        ],
        [
          "keeper",
          "keeper"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "original sense",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic, original sense) guardian, keeper"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "نگهبان"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ɾa.ˈqiːβ]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Persian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[rä.qíːb]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[rä.qíːb]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[rä.qíːb]",
      "tags": [
        "Kabuli"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[rä.qíb̥]",
      "note": "Hazaragi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɹæ.ʁíːb̥]",
      "tags": [
        "Iran",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɾä.qíb]",
      "tags": [
        "Tajik",
        "formal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "رقیب"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Persian lemmas",
    "Persian nouns",
    "Persian terms borrowed from Arabic",
    "Persian terms derived from Arabic",
    "Persian terms derived from the Arabic root ر ق ب",
    "Persian terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "az",
            "2": "rəqib",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Azerbaijani: rəqib",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Azerbaijani: rəqib"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ka",
            "2": "რაყიფი",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Georgian: რაყიფი (raq̇ipi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Georgian: რაყიფი (raq̇ipi)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-hnd",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Hindustani:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Hindustani:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hi",
            "2": "रक़ीब"
          },
          "expansion": "Hindi: रक़ीब (raqīb)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Hindi: रक़ीब (raqīb)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ur",
            "2": "رَقِیب"
          },
          "expansion": "Urdu: رَقِیب (raqīb)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Urdu: رَقِیب (raqīb)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ota",
            "2": "رقیب",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "rakib"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ottoman Turkish: رقیب (rakib)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ottoman Turkish: رقیب (rakib)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ar",
        "3": "رَقِيب",
        "t": "guardian, keeper"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Arabic رَقِيب (raqīb, “guardian, keeper”)",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ar",
        "3": "ر ق ب"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Arabic رَقِيب (raqīb, “guardian, keeper”). The semantic shift is already found in medieval poetry: \"guardian of the beloved [who prevents the lover from seeing her]\" > \"rival in love\" > \"rival, competitor [in general].\"",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "raqib",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "رقیبان",
      "roman": "raqibân",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "رقیبها",
      "roman": "raqib-hâ",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "رقبا",
      "roman": "roqabâ",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "plural",
        "4": "رقیبان",
        "5": "or",
        "6": "رقیبها",
        "7": "or",
        "8": "رقبا",
        "f1tr": "raqibân",
        "f2tr": "raqib-hâ",
        "f3tr": "roqabâ",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "tr": "raqib",
        "tr2": "",
        "tr3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "رقیب • (raqib) (plural رقیبان (raqibân) or رقیبها (raqib-hâ) or رقبا (roqabâ))",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "pl": "رقیبان",
        "pl2": "رقیبها",
        "pl3": "رقبا",
        "pl3tr": "roqabâ",
        "tr": "raqib"
      },
      "expansion": "رقیب • (raqib) (plural رقیبان (raqibân) or رقیبها (raqib-hâ) or رقبا (roqabâ))",
      "name": "fa-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Persian",
  "lang_code": "fa",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Persian terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Every moment, you cast looks at [my] rivals [in love]: such a pity, alas!\nWhy do you waste your glances in such a way?",
          "ref": "c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 98:",
          "roman": "bar raqībān afkanī har dam nazar hayf u dirēğ\nīnčunīn zāyi' či mēsāzī nigāh-i xwēš rā",
          "text": "بر رقیبان افکنی هر دم نظر حیف و دریغ\nاینچنین ضایع چه میسازی نگاه خویش را",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "rival, competitor, adversary, antagonist"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rival",
          "rival"
        ],
        [
          "competitor",
          "competitor"
        ],
        [
          "adversary",
          "adversary"
        ],
        [
          "antagonist",
          "antagonist"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Persian terms with archaic senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "guardian, keeper"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "guardian",
          "guardian"
        ],
        [
          "keeper",
          "keeper"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "original sense",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic, original sense) guardian, keeper"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "نگهبان"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ɾa.ˈqiːβ]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Persian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[rä.qíːb]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[rä.qíːb]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[rä.qíːb]",
      "tags": [
        "Kabuli"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[rä.qíb̥]",
      "note": "Hazaragi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɹæ.ʁíːb̥]",
      "tags": [
        "Iran",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɾä.qíb]",
      "tags": [
        "Tajik",
        "formal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "رقیب"
}

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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Persian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-09-20 using wiktextract (af5c55c and 66545a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.