See خشم in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "ख़श्म",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hindi: ख़श्म (xaśma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindi: ख़श्म (xaśma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "hışım",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkish: hışım",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkish: hışım"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "ʾyšm, xyšm",
"t": "anger",
"tr": "xēšm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian ʾyšm, xyšm (xēšm, “anger”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "*aišima"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian *aišima",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬀 (aēšəma)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*HayšHmah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *HayšHmah",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*HayšHmas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *HayšHmas",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*h₁oysh₂-mo-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁oysh₂-mo-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫙𐫢𐫖𐫃",
"t": "wrath, the demon wrath",
"ts": "išmag"
},
"expansion": "Parthian 𐫙𐫢𐫖𐫃 (ʿšmg /išmag/, “wrath, the demon wrath”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "īra"
},
"expansion": "Latin īra",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "հեշմակապաշտ",
"3": "հեշմակ-ապաշտ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian հեշմակ-ապաշտ (hešmak-apašt)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oge",
"2": "ჰეშმაკი"
},
"expansion": "Old Georgian ჰეშმაკი (hešmaḳi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ka-mid",
"2": "შმაგი"
},
"expansion": "Middle Georgian შმაგი (šmagi)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Persian ʾyšm, xyšm (xēšm, “anger”), from Old Persian *aišima (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬀 (aēšəma), 𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀 (aēṣ̌ma)), from Proto-Iranian *HayšHmah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HayšHmas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁oysh₂-mo-s, from *h₁eysh₂-.\nCognate with Parthian 𐫙𐫢𐫖𐫃 (ʿšmg /išmag/, “wrath, the demon wrath”) and more distantly Latin īra. Akin to Old Armenian հեշմակ-ապաշտ (hešmak-apašt), Old Georgian ჰეშმაკი (hešmaḳi), ეშმაკი (ešmaḳi), Middle Georgian შმაგი (šmagi), Iranian borrowings.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xašm",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"f1tr": "",
"f2tr": "",
"f3tr": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"tr": "xašm",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": ""
},
"expansion": "خشم • (xašm)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "xašm"
},
"expansion": "خشم • (xašm)",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Anger",
"orig": "fa:Anger",
"parents": [
"Emotions",
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 26 2 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 26 1 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "angry",
"roman": "xašmgin",
"word": "خشمگین"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Anger is king over kings, and to me it is a slave:\neven anger I have bound under the bridle.",
"ref": "c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3799:",
"roman": "xišm bar šāhān šah u mā rā ğulām\nxišm rā ham basta-am zēr-i lagām",
"text": "خشم بر شاهان شه و ما را غلام\nخشم را هم بستهام زیر لگام",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "1021-1077, Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi, Tarikh-i Bayhaqi\nچون حسنک بیامد، خواجه بر پای خاست. چون او این مَکرُمت بکرد، همه – اگر خواستند یا نه – بر پای خاستند. بو سهل زوزنی بر خشم خود طاقت نداشت؛ برخاست، نه تمام و بر خویشتن می ژکید. احمد او را گفت: در همه کارها ناتمامی. وی نیک از جای بشد.\nČūn Hasanak biyāmad, Xwāja bar pāy xāst. Čūn ō īn makrumat bikard, hama – agar xwāstand yā na – bar pāy xāstand. Bū Sahl Zawzanī bar xašm-i xwad tāqat nadāšt; bar-xāst, na tamām, wa bar xwēštan mē-žakīd. Ahmad ō rā guft: \"dar hama-i kār-hā nā-tamāmī\". Way nēk az jāy bišud.\nWhen Hasanak [the Vizier] arrived, Khwaja [Ahmad Maymandi] rose to his feet. Since he displayed this act of respect, everyone – whether they wanted or not – rose to their feet.. Bu Sahl Zawzani couldn't contain his irritation; he rose, [but] not completely, while muttering under his breath. Ahmad said to him: \"In all [your] undertakings, you lack thoroughness.\" He [Bu Sahl] became extremely angered.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"anger, wrath, rage"
],
"id": "en-خشم-fa-noun-ULeCKQS2",
"links": [
[
"anger",
"anger"
],
[
"wrath",
"wrath"
],
[
"rage",
"rage"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "عصبانیت"
},
{
"word": "غضب"
},
{
"word": "تندخویی"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[xaʃm]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xiʃm]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xäʃm]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xäʃm]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xäʃm]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xi.ʃim]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[xæʃm]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[χäʃm]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
}
],
"word": "خشم"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ur:Emotions"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "angry",
"roman": "xašmgin",
"word": "خشمگین"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "ख़श्म",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hindi: ख़श्म (xaśma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindi: ख़श्म (xaśma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "hışım",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkish: hışım",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkish: hışım"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "ʾyšm, xyšm",
"t": "anger",
"tr": "xēšm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian ʾyšm, xyšm (xēšm, “anger”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "*aišima"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian *aišima",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬀 (aēšəma)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*HayšHmah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *HayšHmah",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*HayšHmas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *HayšHmas",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*h₁oysh₂-mo-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁oysh₂-mo-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫙𐫢𐫖𐫃",
"t": "wrath, the demon wrath",
"ts": "išmag"
},
"expansion": "Parthian 𐫙𐫢𐫖𐫃 (ʿšmg /išmag/, “wrath, the demon wrath”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "īra"
},
"expansion": "Latin īra",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "հեշմակապաշտ",
"3": "հեշմակ-ապաշտ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian հեշմակ-ապաշտ (hešmak-apašt)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oge",
"2": "ჰეშმაკი"
},
"expansion": "Old Georgian ჰეშმაკი (hešmaḳi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ka-mid",
"2": "შმაგი"
},
"expansion": "Middle Georgian შმაგი (šmagi)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Persian ʾyšm, xyšm (xēšm, “anger”), from Old Persian *aišima (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬀 (aēšəma), 𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀 (aēṣ̌ma)), from Proto-Iranian *HayšHmah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HayšHmas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁oysh₂-mo-s, from *h₁eysh₂-.\nCognate with Parthian 𐫙𐫢𐫖𐫃 (ʿšmg /išmag/, “wrath, the demon wrath”) and more distantly Latin īra. Akin to Old Armenian հեշմակ-ապաշտ (hešmak-apašt), Old Georgian ჰეშმაკი (hešmaḳi), ეშმაკი (ešmaḳi), Middle Georgian შმაგი (šmagi), Iranian borrowings.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xašm",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"f1tr": "",
"f2tr": "",
"f3tr": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"tr": "xašm",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": ""
},
"expansion": "خشم • (xašm)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "xašm"
},
"expansion": "خشم • (xašm)",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian nouns",
"Persian terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
"Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Persian terms inherited from Proto-Iranian",
"Persian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Persian terms with quotations",
"fa:Anger"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Anger is king over kings, and to me it is a slave:\neven anger I have bound under the bridle.",
"ref": "c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3799:",
"roman": "xišm bar šāhān šah u mā rā ğulām\nxišm rā ham basta-am zēr-i lagām",
"text": "خشم بر شاهان شه و ما را غلام\nخشم را هم بستهام زیر لگام",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "1021-1077, Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi, Tarikh-i Bayhaqi\nچون حسنک بیامد، خواجه بر پای خاست. چون او این مَکرُمت بکرد، همه – اگر خواستند یا نه – بر پای خاستند. بو سهل زوزنی بر خشم خود طاقت نداشت؛ برخاست، نه تمام و بر خویشتن می ژکید. احمد او را گفت: در همه کارها ناتمامی. وی نیک از جای بشد.\nČūn Hasanak biyāmad, Xwāja bar pāy xāst. Čūn ō īn makrumat bikard, hama – agar xwāstand yā na – bar pāy xāstand. Bū Sahl Zawzanī bar xašm-i xwad tāqat nadāšt; bar-xāst, na tamām, wa bar xwēštan mē-žakīd. Ahmad ō rā guft: \"dar hama-i kār-hā nā-tamāmī\". Way nēk az jāy bišud.\nWhen Hasanak [the Vizier] arrived, Khwaja [Ahmad Maymandi] rose to his feet. Since he displayed this act of respect, everyone – whether they wanted or not – rose to their feet.. Bu Sahl Zawzani couldn't contain his irritation; he rose, [but] not completely, while muttering under his breath. Ahmad said to him: \"In all [your] undertakings, you lack thoroughness.\" He [Bu Sahl] became extremely angered.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"anger, wrath, rage"
],
"links": [
[
"anger",
"anger"
],
[
"wrath",
"wrath"
],
[
"rage",
"rage"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "عصبانیت"
},
{
"word": "غضب"
},
{
"word": "تندخویی"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[xaʃm]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xiʃm]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xäʃm]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xäʃm]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xäʃm]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xi.ʃim]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[xæʃm]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[χäʃm]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
}
],
"word": "خشم"
}
Download raw JSONL data for خشم meaning in Persian (6.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Persian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.