See آلودن in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for آلودن meaning in Persian (3.9kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "uncertain"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*ā-",
"3": "*dauH-",
"t1": "ad-",
"t2": "to smear, rub (on)"
},
"expansion": "*ā- (“ad-”) + *dauH- (“to smear, rub (on)”)",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂éd",
"t": "to, at"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“to, at”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa-ved",
"2": "आधावति",
"t": "to rinse, polish"
},
"expansion": "Vedic Sanskrit आधावति (ādhāvati, “to rinse, polish”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "धाव्",
"t": "to run, flow"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit धाव् (dhāv, “to run, flow”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)leyb-",
"t": "to slip, slide"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)leyb- (“to slip, slide”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of uncertain origin.\nCheung derives the verb from *ā- (“ad-”) + *dauH- (“to smear, rub (on)”), with a lambdacism of *d > l. The prefix is from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“to, at”), while the verbal root is of uncertain further origin, with possible connections to Vedic Sanskrit आधावति (ādhāvati, “to rinse, polish”), though not Sanskrit धाव् (dhāv, “to run, flow”), the latter which Cheung implicitly considers to be unrelated to the Iranian and Vedic verbs.\nEdelman and Rastorgujeva mention the theory above, but do consider the root to be related to धाव् (dhāv). In addition, they suggest an alternate derivation from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leyb- (“to slip, slide”); see *sleydʰ- (“to slip”) for more.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "آلودَن",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "âludan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "آلا",
"roman": "âlâ",
"tags": [
"present",
"stem"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "verb",
"3": "present stem",
"4": "آلا",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f1tr": "âlâ",
"f2tr": "",
"head": "آلودَن",
"sort": "",
"tr": "âludan"
},
"expansion": "آلودَن • (âludan) (present stem آلا (âlâ))",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "آلودَن",
"prstem": "آلا",
"tr": "âludan",
"tr2": "âlâ"
},
"expansion": "آلودَن • (âludan) (present stem آلا (âlâ))",
"name": "fa-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Iranian terms prefixed with *dauH-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Iranian terms prefixed with *ā-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "âlâyeš",
"word": "آلایش"
},
{
"roman": "âlude",
"word": "آلوده"
},
{
"roman": "âludegi",
"word": "آلودگی"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to contaminate, to pollute"
],
"id": "en-آلودن-fa-verb-J8sc0~KS",
"links": [
[
"contaminate",
"contaminate"
],
[
"pollute",
"pollute"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʔɑː.luː.ðan]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔɑː.luː.d̪än]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔɑː.luː.d̪än]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔɑː.luː.d̪än]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔɔː.lu.d̪än]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔɒː.luː.d̪æn]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔɔ.lu.d̪än]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9168 (fas)-Darafsh-آلودن.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Darafsh-%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%86.wav/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Darafsh-%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%86.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Darafsh-%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%86.wav/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Darafsh-%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%86.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "آلودن"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "âlâyeš",
"word": "آلایش"
},
{
"roman": "âlude",
"word": "آلوده"
},
{
"roman": "âludegi",
"word": "آلودگی"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "uncertain"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*ā-",
"3": "*dauH-",
"t1": "ad-",
"t2": "to smear, rub (on)"
},
"expansion": "*ā- (“ad-”) + *dauH- (“to smear, rub (on)”)",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂éd",
"t": "to, at"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“to, at”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa-ved",
"2": "आधावति",
"t": "to rinse, polish"
},
"expansion": "Vedic Sanskrit आधावति (ādhāvati, “to rinse, polish”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "धाव्",
"t": "to run, flow"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit धाव् (dhāv, “to run, flow”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)leyb-",
"t": "to slip, slide"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)leyb- (“to slip, slide”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of uncertain origin.\nCheung derives the verb from *ā- (“ad-”) + *dauH- (“to smear, rub (on)”), with a lambdacism of *d > l. The prefix is from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“to, at”), while the verbal root is of uncertain further origin, with possible connections to Vedic Sanskrit आधावति (ādhāvati, “to rinse, polish”), though not Sanskrit धाव् (dhāv, “to run, flow”), the latter which Cheung implicitly considers to be unrelated to the Iranian and Vedic verbs.\nEdelman and Rastorgujeva mention the theory above, but do consider the root to be related to धाव् (dhāv). In addition, they suggest an alternate derivation from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leyb- (“to slip, slide”); see *sleydʰ- (“to slip”) for more.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "آلودَن",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "âludan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "آلا",
"roman": "âlâ",
"tags": [
"present",
"stem"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "verb",
"3": "present stem",
"4": "آلا",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f1tr": "âlâ",
"f2tr": "",
"head": "آلودَن",
"sort": "",
"tr": "âludan"
},
"expansion": "آلودَن • (âludan) (present stem آلا (âlâ))",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "آلودَن",
"prstem": "آلا",
"tr": "âludan",
"tr2": "âlâ"
},
"expansion": "آلودَن • (âludan) (present stem آلا (âlâ))",
"name": "fa-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Persian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Persian terms with audio links",
"Persian terms with unknown etymologies",
"Persian verbs",
"Proto-Iranian terms prefixed with *dauH-",
"Proto-Iranian terms prefixed with *ā-"
],
"glosses": [
"to contaminate, to pollute"
],
"links": [
[
"contaminate",
"contaminate"
],
[
"pollute",
"pollute"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʔɑː.luː.ðan]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔɑː.luː.d̪än]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔɑː.luː.d̪än]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔɑː.luː.d̪än]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔɔː.lu.d̪än]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔɒː.luː.d̪æn]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔɔ.lu.d̪än]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9168 (fas)-Darafsh-آلودن.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Darafsh-%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%86.wav/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Darafsh-%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%86.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Darafsh-%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%86.wav/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Darafsh-%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%86.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "آلودن"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Persian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (bb24e0f and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.