"Cygan" meaning in Old Polish

See Cygan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Proper name

IPA: /t͡siɡaːn/ (note: 10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE), /t͡siɡɒn/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE) Forms: Cygan m animacy unattested [canonical]
Etymology: Usually believed to be ultimately derived from Ancient Greek ἀθίγγανος (athínganos, “one who doesn't want to be touched; untouchable”); see τσιγγάνος (tsingános) for further etymology. On the other hand, according to Marek Stachowski, the word entered the Slavic languages via Kipchak, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *čï̄gań (“poor”). First attested in 1401. Etymology templates: {{glossary|derived terms|derived}} derived, {{der|zlw-opl|grc|ἀθίγγανος||one who doesn't want to be touched; untouchable|g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=1|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Ancient Greek ἀθίγγανος (athínganos, “one who doesn't want to be touched; untouchable”), {{der+|zlw-opl|grc|ἀθίγγανος|nocap=1|nocat=1|t=one who doesn't want to be touched; untouchable}} derived from Ancient Greek ἀθίγγανος (athínganos, “one who doesn't want to be touched; untouchable”), {{der|zlw-opl|trk-kip|nocat=1}} Kipchak, {{der|pl|trk-pro|*čï̄gań|nocat=1|t=poor}} Proto-Turkic *čï̄gań (“poor”), {{etydate|1401}} First attested in 1401 Head templates: {{zlw-opl-prop|m-an!}} Cygan m animacy unattested
  1. a male surname
    Sense id: en-Cygan-zlw-opl-name-IRlLAcDj Categories (other): Old Polish entries with incorrect language header, Old Polish male surnames, Old Polish surnames, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 81 4 6 10 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 84 3 5 8
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "Cygan"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: Cygan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: Cygan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "szl",
            "2": "Cygōn"
          },
          "expansion": "Silesian: Cygōn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Silesian: Cygōn"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "derived terms",
        "2": "derived"
      },
      "expansion": "derived",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "ἀθίγγανος",
        "4": "",
        "5": "one who doesn't want to be touched; untouchable",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "1",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀθίγγανος (athínganos, “one who doesn't want to be touched; untouchable”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "ἀθίγγανος",
        "nocap": "1",
        "nocat": "1",
        "t": "one who doesn't want to be touched; untouchable"
      },
      "expansion": "derived from Ancient Greek ἀθίγγανος (athínganos, “one who doesn't want to be touched; untouchable”)",
      "name": "der+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "trk-kip",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Kipchak",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "trk-pro",
        "3": "*čï̄gań",
        "nocat": "1",
        "t": "poor"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Turkic *čï̄gań (“poor”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1401"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in 1401",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Usually believed to be ultimately derived from Ancient Greek ἀθίγγανος (athínganos, “one who doesn't want to be touched; untouchable”); see τσιγγάνος (tsingános) for further etymology. On the other hand, according to Marek Stachowski, the word entered the Slavic languages via Kipchak, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *čï̄gań (“poor”). First attested in 1401.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Cygan m animacy unattested",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m-an!"
      },
      "expansion": "Cygan m animacy unattested",
      "name": "zlw-opl-prop"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Polish",
  "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish male surnames",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish surnames",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "81 4 6 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "84 3 5 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a male surname"
      ],
      "id": "en-Cygan-zlw-opl-name-IRlLAcDj",
      "links": [
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡siɡaːn/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡siɡɒn/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Cygan"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "pl:Male people",
    "pl:Nationalities"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "Cygan"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: Cygan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: Cygan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "szl",
            "2": "Cygōn"
          },
          "expansion": "Silesian: Cygōn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Silesian: Cygōn"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "derived terms",
        "2": "derived"
      },
      "expansion": "derived",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "ἀθίγγανος",
        "4": "",
        "5": "one who doesn't want to be touched; untouchable",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "1",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀθίγγανος (athínganos, “one who doesn't want to be touched; untouchable”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "ἀθίγγανος",
        "nocap": "1",
        "nocat": "1",
        "t": "one who doesn't want to be touched; untouchable"
      },
      "expansion": "derived from Ancient Greek ἀθίγγανος (athínganos, “one who doesn't want to be touched; untouchable”)",
      "name": "der+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "trk-kip",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Kipchak",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "trk-pro",
        "3": "*čï̄gań",
        "nocat": "1",
        "t": "poor"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Turkic *čï̄gań (“poor”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1401"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in 1401",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Usually believed to be ultimately derived from Ancient Greek ἀθίγγανος (athínganos, “one who doesn't want to be touched; untouchable”); see τσιγγάνος (tsingános) for further etymology. On the other hand, according to Marek Stachowski, the word entered the Slavic languages via Kipchak, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *čï̄gań (“poor”). First attested in 1401.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Cygan m animacy unattested",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m-an!"
      },
      "expansion": "Cygan m animacy unattested",
      "name": "zlw-opl-prop"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Polish",
  "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old Polish lemmas",
        "Old Polish male surnames",
        "Old Polish masculine nouns",
        "Old Polish proper nouns",
        "Old Polish surnames",
        "Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Pages with 2 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a male surname"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡siɡaːn/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡siɡɒn/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Cygan"
}

Download raw JSONL data for Cygan meaning in Old Polish (2.6kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
  "msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'Cygan m animacy unattested' in 'Cygan m animacy unattested'",
  "path": [
    "Cygan"
  ],
  "section": "Old Polish",
  "subsection": "proper noun",
  "title": "Cygan",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-07-20 using wiktextract (ed078bd and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.