𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁 in Old Persian

Forms: ku-u-ru-u-š [romanization], Kuruš [romanization] [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: Of disputed origin. One theory is that it is from Elamite 𒁹𒆪𒊏𒀾 (ᵐku-ra-aš₂ /⁠kuraš⁠/, “shepherd, bestowed care, protector”); earliest cuneiform attestations of the name, even instances prior to the founder of the Achaemenid Empire, always end in /-aš/ as opposed to /-uš/, an unexplainable development for Akkadian and Elamite phonologically if the original was the Iranian /-uš/. This has suggested rather that the later, more well-known Iranian version is in fact the adaptation, perhaps brought on by the fact that Old Persian a stems never have a final /-š/ in the nominative but u stems do. Etymology templates: {{unk|peo|title=disputed}} disputed, {{bor|peo|elx|𒁹𒆪𒊏𒀾|t=shepherd, bestowed care, protector|tr=ᵐku-ra-aš₂|ts=kuraš}} Elamite 𒁹𒆪𒊏𒀾 (ᵐku-ra-aš₂ /⁠kuraš⁠/, “shepherd, bestowed care, protector”), {{cog|akk|-}} Akkadian, {{cog|elx|-}} Elamite, {{cog|ira}} Iranian, {{cog|ira}} Iranian, {{cog|peo|-}} Old Persian Head templates: {{head|peo|proper noun|ts=Kuruš}} 𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁 (ku-u-ru-u-š /Kuruš/)

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Dari",
          "lang_code": "fa",
          "roman": "kūruš",
          "word": "کورش"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Old Armenian",
              "lang_code": "xcl",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "roman": "kʻorēš",
              "word": "քորէշ"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Iranian Persian",
          "lang_code": "fa",
          "roman": "kuroš",
          "word": "کوروش"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Tajik",
          "lang_code": "tg",
          "roman": "Kuruš",
          "word": "Куруш"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Classical Persian",
      "lang_code": "fa",
      "roman": "kūruš",
      "word": "کُورُش"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "lang_code": "grc",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "Kûros",
      "word": "Κῦρος"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "lang_code": "grc",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "Kóros",
      "word": "Κόρος"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Biblical Hebrew",
      "lang_code": "hbo",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "kóresh",
      "word": "כּוֹרֶשׁ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Sanskrit",
      "lang_code": "sa",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "kuruṣ",
      "word": "कुरुष्"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "peo",
        "title": "disputed"
      },
      "expansion": "disputed",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "peo",
        "2": "elx",
        "3": "𒁹𒆪𒊏𒀾",
        "t": "shepherd, bestowed care, protector",
        "tr": "ᵐku-ra-aš₂",
        "ts": "kuraš"
      },
      "expansion": "Elamite 𒁹𒆪𒊏𒀾 (ᵐku-ra-aš₂ /⁠kuraš⁠/, “shepherd, bestowed care, protector”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "akk",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Akkadian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "elx",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Elamite",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ira"
      },
      "expansion": "Iranian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ira"
      },
      "expansion": "Iranian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "peo",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Persian",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of disputed origin. One theory is that it is from Elamite 𒁹𒆪𒊏𒀾 (ᵐku-ra-aš₂ /⁠kuraš⁠/, “shepherd, bestowed care, protector”); earliest cuneiform attestations of the name, even instances prior to the founder of the Achaemenid Empire, always end in /-aš/ as opposed to /-uš/, an unexplainable development for Akkadian and Elamite phonologically if the original was the Iranian /-uš/. This has suggested rather that the later, more well-known Iranian version is in fact the adaptation, perhaps brought on by the fact that Old Persian a stems never have a final /-š/ in the nominative but u stems do.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ku-u-ru-u-š",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kuruš",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "peo",
        "2": "proper noun",
        "ts": "Kuruš"
      },
      "expansion": "𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁 (ku-u-ru-u-š /Kuruš/)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Persian",
  "lang_code": "peo",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Persian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Persian given names",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Persian male given names",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a male given name, equivalent to English Cyrus"
      ],
      "id": "en-𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁-peo-name-GIyFLHq6",
      "links": [
        [
          "given name",
          "given name"
        ],
        [
          "Cyrus",
          "Cyrus#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Dari",
          "lang_code": "fa",
          "roman": "kūruš",
          "word": "کورش"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Old Armenian",
              "lang_code": "xcl",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "roman": "kʻorēš",
              "word": "քորէշ"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Iranian Persian",
          "lang_code": "fa",
          "roman": "kuroš",
          "word": "کوروش"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Tajik",
          "lang_code": "tg",
          "roman": "Kuruš",
          "word": "Куруш"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Classical Persian",
      "lang_code": "fa",
      "roman": "kūruš",
      "word": "کُورُش"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "lang_code": "grc",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "Kûros",
      "word": "Κῦρος"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "lang_code": "grc",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "Kóros",
      "word": "Κόρος"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Biblical Hebrew",
      "lang_code": "hbo",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "kóresh",
      "word": "כּוֹרֶשׁ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Sanskrit",
      "lang_code": "sa",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "kuruṣ",
      "word": "कुरुष्"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "peo",
        "title": "disputed"
      },
      "expansion": "disputed",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "peo",
        "2": "elx",
        "3": "𒁹𒆪𒊏𒀾",
        "t": "shepherd, bestowed care, protector",
        "tr": "ᵐku-ra-aš₂",
        "ts": "kuraš"
      },
      "expansion": "Elamite 𒁹𒆪𒊏𒀾 (ᵐku-ra-aš₂ /⁠kuraš⁠/, “shepherd, bestowed care, protector”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "akk",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Akkadian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "elx",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Elamite",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ira"
      },
      "expansion": "Iranian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ira"
      },
      "expansion": "Iranian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "peo",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Persian",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of disputed origin. One theory is that it is from Elamite 𒁹𒆪𒊏𒀾 (ᵐku-ra-aš₂ /⁠kuraš⁠/, “shepherd, bestowed care, protector”); earliest cuneiform attestations of the name, even instances prior to the founder of the Achaemenid Empire, always end in /-aš/ as opposed to /-uš/, an unexplainable development for Akkadian and Elamite phonologically if the original was the Iranian /-uš/. This has suggested rather that the later, more well-known Iranian version is in fact the adaptation, perhaps brought on by the fact that Old Persian a stems never have a final /-š/ in the nominative but u stems do.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ku-u-ru-u-š",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kuruš",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "peo",
        "2": "proper noun",
        "ts": "Kuruš"
      },
      "expansion": "𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁 (ku-u-ru-u-š /Kuruš/)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Persian",
  "lang_code": "peo",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Persian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old Persian given names",
        "Old Persian lemmas",
        "Old Persian male given names",
        "Old Persian proper nouns",
        "Old Persian terms borrowed from Elamite",
        "Old Persian terms derived from Elamite",
        "Old Persian terms with unknown etymologies",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a male given name, equivalent to English Cyrus"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "given name",
          "given name"
        ],
        [
          "Cyrus",
          "Cyrus#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Persian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-09-20 using wiktextract (fc15ba6 and 1ab82da). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁" meaning in Old Persian

Proper name