"kljúfa" meaning in Old Norse

See kljúfa in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From Proto-Germanic *kleubaną. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *glewbʰ- (“to split”). Etymology templates: {{root|non|ine-pro|*glewbʰ-}}, {{inh|non|gem-pro|*kleubaną}} Proto-Germanic *kleubaną, {{inh|non|ine-pro|*glewbʰ-||to split}} Proto-Indo-European *glewbʰ- (“to split”) Head templates: {{head|non|verb|singular past indicative|klauf||{{{spast2}}}|plural past indicative|klufu||{{{ppast2}}}||{{{ppast3}}}|past participle|klofinn||{{{pp2}}}|head=|tr=}} kljúfa (singular past indicative klauf, plural past indicative klufu, past participle klofinn), {{non-verb|klauf|klufu|klofinn}} kljúfa (singular past indicative klauf, plural past indicative klufu, past participle klofinn) Inflection templates: {{non-conj-strong|kljúf|klauf|kluf|klof|1i=klýf|3i=klyf|class=2}}, {{non-conj-blank-full|impr_1pl=kljúfum|impr_2pl=kljúfið|impr_2sg=kljúf|infinitive=kljúfa|mp_impr_1pl=kljúfumsk|mp_impr_2pl=kljúfizk|mp_impr_2sg=kljúfsk|mp_infinitive=kljúfask|mp_past_ind_1pl=klufumsk|mp_past_ind_1sg=klufumk|mp_past_ind_2pl=klufuzk|mp_past_ind_2sg=klaufzk|mp_past_ind_3pl=klufusk|mp_past_ind_3sg=klaufsk|mp_past_part=klofizk|mp_past_sub_1pl=klyfimsk|mp_past_sub_1sg=klyfumk|mp_past_sub_2pl=klyfizk|mp_past_sub_2sg=klyfisk|mp_past_sub_3pl=klyfisk|mp_past_sub_3sg=klyfisk|mp_pres_ind_1pl=kljúfumsk|mp_pres_ind_1sg=kljúfumk|mp_pres_ind_2pl=kljúfizk|mp_pres_ind_2sg=klýfsk|mp_pres_ind_3pl=kljúfask|mp_pres_ind_3sg=klýfsk|mp_pres_part=kljúfandisk|mp_pres_sub_1pl=kljúfimsk|mp_pres_sub_1sg=kljúfumk|mp_pres_sub_2pl=kljúfizk|mp_pres_sub_2sg=kljúfisk|mp_pres_sub_3pl=kljúfisk|mp_pres_sub_3sg=kljúfisk|past_ind_1pl=klufum|past_ind_1sg=klauf|past_ind_2pl=klufuð|past_ind_2sg=klauft|past_ind_3pl=klufu|past_ind_3sg=klauf|past_part=klofinn|past_sub_1pl=klyfim|past_sub_1sg=klyfa|past_sub_2pl=klyfið|past_sub_2sg=klyfir|past_sub_3pl=klyfi|past_sub_3sg=klyfi|personal=yes|pres_ind_1pl=kljúfum|pres_ind_1sg=klýf|pres_ind_2pl=kljúfið|pres_ind_2sg=klýfr|pres_ind_3pl=kljúfa|pres_ind_3sg=klýfr|pres_part=kljúfandi|pres_sub_1pl=kljúfim|pres_sub_1sg=kljúfa|pres_sub_2pl=kljúfið|pres_sub_2sg=kljúfir|pres_sub_3pl=kljúfi|pres_sub_3sg=kljúfi|title1=Conjugation of kljúfa — active (strong􂀽 class 2)|title2=Conjugation of kljúfa — mediopassive (strong􂀽 class 2)}}, {{non-conj-table|impr_1pl=kljúfum|impr_2pl=kljúfið|impr_2sg=kljúf|infinitive=kljúfa|mode=act|past_ind_1pl=klufum|past_ind_1sg=klauf|past_ind_2pl=klufuð|past_ind_2sg=klauft|past_ind_3pl=klufu|past_ind_3sg=klauf|past_part=klofinn|past_sub_1pl=klyfim|past_sub_1sg=klyfa|past_sub_2pl=klyfið|past_sub_2sg=klyfir|past_sub_3pl=klyfi|past_sub_3sg=klyfi|pres_ind_1pl=kljúfum|pres_ind_1sg=klýf|pres_ind_2pl=kljúfið|pres_ind_2sg=klýfr|pres_ind_3pl=kljúfa|pres_ind_3sg=klýfr|pres_part=kljúfandi|pres_sub_1pl=kljúfim|pres_sub_1sg=kljúfa|pres_sub_2pl=kljúfið|pres_sub_2sg=kljúfir|pres_sub_3pl=kljúfi|pres_sub_3sg=kljúfi|title=Conjugation of kljúfa — active (strong􂀽 class 2)}}, {{non-conj-cell|kljúfa|infinitive|act}}, {{non-conj-cell|kljúfandi|pres_part|act}}, {{non-conj-cell|klofinn|past_part|act}}, {{non-conj-cell|klýf|pres_ind_1sg|act}}, {{non-conj-cell|klauf|past_ind_1sg|act}}, {{non-conj-cell|klýfr|pres_ind_2sg|act}}, {{non-conj-cell|klauft|past_ind_2sg|act}}, {{non-conj-cell|klýfr|pres_ind_3sg|act}}, {{non-conj-cell|klauf|past_ind_3sg|act}}, {{non-conj-cell|kljúfum|pres_ind_1pl|act}}, {{non-conj-cell|klufum|past_ind_1pl|act}}, {{non-conj-cell|kljúfið|pres_ind_2pl|act}}, {{non-conj-cell|klufuð|past_ind_2pl|act}}, {{non-conj-cell|kljúfa|pres_ind_3pl|act}}, {{non-conj-cell|klufu|past_ind_3pl|act}}, {{non-conj-cell|kljúfa|pres_sub_1sg|act}}, {{non-conj-cell|klyfa|past_sub_1sg|act}}, {{non-conj-cell|kljúfir|pres_sub_2sg|act}}, {{non-conj-cell|klyfir|past_sub_2sg|act}}, {{non-conj-cell|kljúfi|pres_sub_3sg|act}}, {{non-conj-cell|klyfi|past_sub_3sg|act}}, {{non-conj-cell|kljúfim|pres_sub_1pl|act}}, {{non-conj-cell|klyfim|past_sub_1pl|act}}, {{non-conj-cell|kljúfið|pres_sub_2pl|act}}, {{non-conj-cell|klyfið|past_sub_2pl|act}}, {{non-conj-cell|kljúfi|pres_sub_3pl|act}}, {{non-conj-cell|klyfi|past_sub_3pl|act}}, {{non-conj-cell|kljúf|impr_2sg|act}}, {{non-conj-cell|kljúfum|impr_1pl|act}}, {{non-conj-cell|kljúfið|impr_2pl|act}}, {{non-conj-table|impr_1pl=kljúfumsk|impr_2pl=kljúfizk|impr_2sg=kljúfsk|infinitive=kljúfask|mode=mpass|past_ind_1pl=klufumsk|past_ind_1sg=klufumk|past_ind_2pl=klufuzk|past_ind_2sg=klaufzk|past_ind_3pl=klufusk|past_ind_3sg=klaufsk|past_part=klofizk|past_sub_1pl=klyfimsk|past_sub_1sg=klyfumk|past_sub_2pl=klyfizk|past_sub_2sg=klyfisk|past_sub_3pl=klyfisk|past_sub_3sg=klyfisk|pres_ind_1pl=kljúfumsk|pres_ind_1sg=kljúfumk|pres_ind_2pl=kljúfizk|pres_ind_2sg=klýfsk|pres_ind_3pl=kljúfask|pres_ind_3sg=klýfsk|pres_part=kljúfandisk|pres_sub_1pl=kljúfimsk|pres_sub_1sg=kljúfumk|pres_sub_2pl=kljúfizk|pres_sub_2sg=kljúfisk|pres_sub_3pl=kljúfisk|pres_sub_3sg=kljúfisk|title=Conjugation of kljúfa — mediopassive (strong􂀽 class 2)}}, {{non-conj-cell|kljúfask|infinitive|mpass}}, {{non-conj-cell|kljúfandisk|pres_part|mpass}}, {{non-conj-cell|klofizk|past_part|mpass}}, {{non-conj-cell|kljúfumk|pres_ind_1sg|mpass}}, {{non-conj-cell|klufumk|past_ind_1sg|mpass}}, {{non-conj-cell|klýfsk|pres_ind_2sg|mpass}}, {{non-conj-cell|klaufzk|past_ind_2sg|mpass}}, {{non-conj-cell|klýfsk|pres_ind_3sg|mpass}}, {{non-conj-cell|klaufsk|past_ind_3sg|mpass}}, {{non-conj-cell|kljúfumsk|pres_ind_1pl|mpass}}, {{non-conj-cell|klufumsk|past_ind_1pl|mpass}}, {{non-conj-cell|kljúfizk|pres_ind_2pl|mpass}}, {{non-conj-cell|klufuzk|past_ind_2pl|mpass}}, {{non-conj-cell|kljúfask|pres_ind_3pl|mpass}}, {{non-conj-cell|klufusk|past_ind_3pl|mpass}}, {{non-conj-cell|kljúfumk|pres_sub_1sg|mpass}}, {{non-conj-cell|klyfumk|past_sub_1sg|mpass}}, {{non-conj-cell|kljúfisk|pres_sub_2sg|mpass}}, {{non-conj-cell|klyfisk|past_sub_2sg|mpass}}, {{non-conj-cell|kljúfisk|pres_sub_3sg|mpass}}, {{non-conj-cell|klyfisk|past_sub_3sg|mpass}}, {{non-conj-cell|kljúfimsk|pres_sub_1pl|mpass}}, {{non-conj-cell|klyfimsk|past_sub_1pl|mpass}}, {{non-conj-cell|kljúfizk|pres_sub_2pl|mpass}}, {{non-conj-cell|klyfizk|past_sub_2pl|mpass}}, {{non-conj-cell|kljúfisk|pres_sub_3pl|mpass}}, {{non-conj-cell|klyfisk|past_sub_3pl|mpass}}, {{non-conj-cell|kljúfsk|impr_2sg|mpass}}, {{non-conj-cell|kljúfumsk|impr_1pl|mpass}}, {{non-conj-cell|kljúfizk|impr_2pl|mpass}} Forms: klauf [indicative, past, singular], klufu [indicative, past, plural], klofinn [participle, past], strong [table-tags], kljúfa [infinitive], kljúfandi [participle, present], klofinn [participle, past], klýf [first-person, present, singular], klauf [first-person, past, singular], klýfr [present, second-person, singular], klauft [past, second-person, singular], klýfr [present, singular, third-person], klauf [past, singular, third-person], kljúfum [first-person, plural, present], klufum [first-person, past, plural], kljúfið [plural, present, second-person], klufuð [past, plural, second-person], kljúfa [plural, present, third-person], klufu [past, plural, third-person], kljúfa [first-person, present, singular], klyfa [first-person, past, singular], kljúfir [present, second-person, singular], klyfir [past, second-person, singular], kljúfi [present, singular, third-person], klyfi [past, singular, third-person], kljúfim [first-person, plural, present], klyfim [first-person, past, plural], klyfið [past, plural, second-person], kljúfi [plural, present, third-person], klyfi [past, plural, third-person], kljúf [present, second-person, singular], strong [table-tags], kljúfask [infinitive], kljúfandisk [participle, present], klofizk [participle, past], kljúfumk [first-person, present, singular], klufumk [first-person, past, singular], klýfsk [present, second-person, singular], klaufzk [past, second-person, singular], klýfsk [present, singular, third-person], klaufsk [past, singular, third-person], kljúfumsk [first-person, plural, present], klufumsk [first-person, past, plural], kljúfizk [plural, present, second-person], klufuzk [past, plural, second-person], kljúfask [plural, present, third-person], klufusk [past, plural, third-person], klyfumk [first-person, past, singular], kljúfisk [present, second-person, singular], klyfisk [past, second-person, singular], kljúfisk [present, singular, third-person], klyfisk [past, singular, third-person], kljúfimsk [first-person, plural, present], klyfimsk [first-person, past, plural], klyfizk [past, plural, second-person], kljúfisk [plural, present, third-person], klyfisk [past, plural, third-person], kljúfsk [present, second-person, singular]
  1. (transitive, with accusative) to cleave, split Tags: transitive, with-accusative
    Sense id: en-kljúfa-non-verb--zsu5hku Categories (other): Old Norse entries with incorrect language header

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for kljúfa meaning in Old Norse (18.0kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "kljúfa"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: kljúfa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: kljúfa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "klúgva"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: klúgva",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: klúgva"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "kljuva",
            "3": "kluva",
            "4": "kløyva",
            "5": ";",
            "6": "kljuga<q:dialectal>",
            "7": "kluba"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: kljuva, kluva, kløyva; (dialectal) kljuga, kluba",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: kljuva, kluva, kløyva; (dialectal) kljuga, kluba"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "kløyve",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: kløyve",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: kløyve"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ovd",
            "2": "kliuova"
          },
          "expansion": "Elfdalian: kliuova",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Elfdalian: kliuova"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-osw",
            "2": "klȳva"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Swedish: klȳva",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Swedish: klȳva"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "klyva"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: klyva",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: klyva"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-oda",
            "2": "klȳuæ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Danish: klȳuæ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Danish: klȳuæ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-scy",
            "2": "kløva"
          },
          "expansion": "Scanian: kløva",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scanian: kløva"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "kløve"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: kløve",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: kløve"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "kløve"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: kløve",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Bokmål: kløve"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-ogt",
            "2": "kliaufa"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Gutnish: kliaufa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Gutnish: kliaufa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-gut",
            "2": "klaue"
          },
          "expansion": "Gutnish: klaue",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gutnish: klaue"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*glewbʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*kleubaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kleubaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*glewbʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to split"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *glewbʰ- (“to split”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *kleubaną. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *glewbʰ- (“to split”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "klauf",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klufu",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klofinn",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "non-conj-strong",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "2",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfandi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klofinn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klýf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klauf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klýfr",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klauft",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klýfr",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klauf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klufum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfið",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klufuð",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klufu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klyfa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfir",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klyfir",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klyfi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klyfim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klyfið",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klyfi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "non-conj-strong",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "2",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfask",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfandisk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klofizk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfumk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klufumk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klýfsk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klaufzk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klýfsk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klaufsk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfumsk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klufumsk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfizk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klufuzk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfask",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klufusk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klyfumk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfisk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klyfisk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfisk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klyfisk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfimsk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klyfimsk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klyfizk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfisk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klyfisk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfsk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "10": "{{{ppast2}}}",
        "11": "",
        "12": "{{{ppast3}}}",
        "13": "past participle",
        "14": "klofinn",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pp2}}}",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "singular past indicative",
        "4": "klauf",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{spast2}}}",
        "7": "plural past indicative",
        "8": "klufu",
        "9": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "kljúfa (singular past indicative klauf, plural past indicative klufu, past participle klofinn)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klauf",
        "2": "klufu",
        "3": "klofinn"
      },
      "expansion": "kljúfa (singular past indicative klauf, plural past indicative klufu, past participle klofinn)",
      "name": "non-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúf",
        "1i": "klýf",
        "2": "klauf",
        "3": "kluf",
        "3i": "klyf",
        "4": "klof",
        "class": "2"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-strong"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "impr_1pl": "kljúfum",
        "impr_2pl": "kljúfið",
        "impr_2sg": "kljúf",
        "infinitive": "kljúfa",
        "mp_impr_1pl": "kljúfumsk",
        "mp_impr_2pl": "kljúfizk",
        "mp_impr_2sg": "kljúfsk",
        "mp_infinitive": "kljúfask",
        "mp_past_ind_1pl": "klufumsk",
        "mp_past_ind_1sg": "klufumk",
        "mp_past_ind_2pl": "klufuzk",
        "mp_past_ind_2sg": "klaufzk",
        "mp_past_ind_3pl": "klufusk",
        "mp_past_ind_3sg": "klaufsk",
        "mp_past_part": "klofizk",
        "mp_past_sub_1pl": "klyfimsk",
        "mp_past_sub_1sg": "klyfumk",
        "mp_past_sub_2pl": "klyfizk",
        "mp_past_sub_2sg": "klyfisk",
        "mp_past_sub_3pl": "klyfisk",
        "mp_past_sub_3sg": "klyfisk",
        "mp_pres_ind_1pl": "kljúfumsk",
        "mp_pres_ind_1sg": "kljúfumk",
        "mp_pres_ind_2pl": "kljúfizk",
        "mp_pres_ind_2sg": "klýfsk",
        "mp_pres_ind_3pl": "kljúfask",
        "mp_pres_ind_3sg": "klýfsk",
        "mp_pres_part": "kljúfandisk",
        "mp_pres_sub_1pl": "kljúfimsk",
        "mp_pres_sub_1sg": "kljúfumk",
        "mp_pres_sub_2pl": "kljúfizk",
        "mp_pres_sub_2sg": "kljúfisk",
        "mp_pres_sub_3pl": "kljúfisk",
        "mp_pres_sub_3sg": "kljúfisk",
        "past_ind_1pl": "klufum",
        "past_ind_1sg": "klauf",
        "past_ind_2pl": "klufuð",
        "past_ind_2sg": "klauft",
        "past_ind_3pl": "klufu",
        "past_ind_3sg": "klauf",
        "past_part": "klofinn",
        "past_sub_1pl": "klyfim",
        "past_sub_1sg": "klyfa",
        "past_sub_2pl": "klyfið",
        "past_sub_2sg": "klyfir",
        "past_sub_3pl": "klyfi",
        "past_sub_3sg": "klyfi",
        "personal": "yes",
        "pres_ind_1pl": "kljúfum",
        "pres_ind_1sg": "klýf",
        "pres_ind_2pl": "kljúfið",
        "pres_ind_2sg": "klýfr",
        "pres_ind_3pl": "kljúfa",
        "pres_ind_3sg": "klýfr",
        "pres_part": "kljúfandi",
        "pres_sub_1pl": "kljúfim",
        "pres_sub_1sg": "kljúfa",
        "pres_sub_2pl": "kljúfið",
        "pres_sub_2sg": "kljúfir",
        "pres_sub_3pl": "kljúfi",
        "pres_sub_3sg": "kljúfi",
        "title1": "Conjugation of kljúfa — active (strong􂀽 class 2)",
        "title2": "Conjugation of kljúfa — mediopassive (strong􂀽 class 2)"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-blank-full"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "impr_1pl": "kljúfum",
        "impr_2pl": "kljúfið",
        "impr_2sg": "kljúf",
        "infinitive": "kljúfa",
        "mode": "act",
        "past_ind_1pl": "klufum",
        "past_ind_1sg": "klauf",
        "past_ind_2pl": "klufuð",
        "past_ind_2sg": "klauft",
        "past_ind_3pl": "klufu",
        "past_ind_3sg": "klauf",
        "past_part": "klofinn",
        "past_sub_1pl": "klyfim",
        "past_sub_1sg": "klyfa",
        "past_sub_2pl": "klyfið",
        "past_sub_2sg": "klyfir",
        "past_sub_3pl": "klyfi",
        "past_sub_3sg": "klyfi",
        "pres_ind_1pl": "kljúfum",
        "pres_ind_1sg": "klýf",
        "pres_ind_2pl": "kljúfið",
        "pres_ind_2sg": "klýfr",
        "pres_ind_3pl": "kljúfa",
        "pres_ind_3sg": "klýfr",
        "pres_part": "kljúfandi",
        "pres_sub_1pl": "kljúfim",
        "pres_sub_1sg": "kljúfa",
        "pres_sub_2pl": "kljúfið",
        "pres_sub_2sg": "kljúfir",
        "pres_sub_3pl": "kljúfi",
        "pres_sub_3sg": "kljúfi",
        "title": "Conjugation of kljúfa — active (strong􂀽 class 2)"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-table"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfa",
        "2": "infinitive",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfandi",
        "2": "pres_part",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klofinn",
        "2": "past_part",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klýf",
        "2": "pres_ind_1sg",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klauf",
        "2": "past_ind_1sg",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klýfr",
        "2": "pres_ind_2sg",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klauft",
        "2": "past_ind_2sg",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klýfr",
        "2": "pres_ind_3sg",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klauf",
        "2": "past_ind_3sg",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfum",
        "2": "pres_ind_1pl",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klufum",
        "2": "past_ind_1pl",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfið",
        "2": "pres_ind_2pl",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klufuð",
        "2": "past_ind_2pl",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfa",
        "2": "pres_ind_3pl",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klufu",
        "2": "past_ind_3pl",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfa",
        "2": "pres_sub_1sg",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klyfa",
        "2": "past_sub_1sg",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfir",
        "2": "pres_sub_2sg",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klyfir",
        "2": "past_sub_2sg",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfi",
        "2": "pres_sub_3sg",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klyfi",
        "2": "past_sub_3sg",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfim",
        "2": "pres_sub_1pl",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klyfim",
        "2": "past_sub_1pl",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfið",
        "2": "pres_sub_2pl",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klyfið",
        "2": "past_sub_2pl",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfi",
        "2": "pres_sub_3pl",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klyfi",
        "2": "past_sub_3pl",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúf",
        "2": "impr_2sg",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfum",
        "2": "impr_1pl",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfið",
        "2": "impr_2pl",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "impr_1pl": "kljúfumsk",
        "impr_2pl": "kljúfizk",
        "impr_2sg": "kljúfsk",
        "infinitive": "kljúfask",
        "mode": "mpass",
        "past_ind_1pl": "klufumsk",
        "past_ind_1sg": "klufumk",
        "past_ind_2pl": "klufuzk",
        "past_ind_2sg": "klaufzk",
        "past_ind_3pl": "klufusk",
        "past_ind_3sg": "klaufsk",
        "past_part": "klofizk",
        "past_sub_1pl": "klyfimsk",
        "past_sub_1sg": "klyfumk",
        "past_sub_2pl": "klyfizk",
        "past_sub_2sg": "klyfisk",
        "past_sub_3pl": "klyfisk",
        "past_sub_3sg": "klyfisk",
        "pres_ind_1pl": "kljúfumsk",
        "pres_ind_1sg": "kljúfumk",
        "pres_ind_2pl": "kljúfizk",
        "pres_ind_2sg": "klýfsk",
        "pres_ind_3pl": "kljúfask",
        "pres_ind_3sg": "klýfsk",
        "pres_part": "kljúfandisk",
        "pres_sub_1pl": "kljúfimsk",
        "pres_sub_1sg": "kljúfumk",
        "pres_sub_2pl": "kljúfizk",
        "pres_sub_2sg": "kljúfisk",
        "pres_sub_3pl": "kljúfisk",
        "pres_sub_3sg": "kljúfisk",
        "title": "Conjugation of kljúfa — mediopassive (strong􂀽 class 2)"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-table"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfask",
        "2": "infinitive",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfandisk",
        "2": "pres_part",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klofizk",
        "2": "past_part",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfumk",
        "2": "pres_ind_1sg",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klufumk",
        "2": "past_ind_1sg",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klýfsk",
        "2": "pres_ind_2sg",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klaufzk",
        "2": "past_ind_2sg",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klýfsk",
        "2": "pres_ind_3sg",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klaufsk",
        "2": "past_ind_3sg",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfumsk",
        "2": "pres_ind_1pl",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klufumsk",
        "2": "past_ind_1pl",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfizk",
        "2": "pres_ind_2pl",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klufuzk",
        "2": "past_ind_2pl",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfask",
        "2": "pres_ind_3pl",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klufusk",
        "2": "past_ind_3pl",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfumk",
        "2": "pres_sub_1sg",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klyfumk",
        "2": "past_sub_1sg",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfisk",
        "2": "pres_sub_2sg",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klyfisk",
        "2": "past_sub_2sg",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfisk",
        "2": "pres_sub_3sg",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klyfisk",
        "2": "past_sub_3sg",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfimsk",
        "2": "pres_sub_1pl",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klyfimsk",
        "2": "past_sub_1pl",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfizk",
        "2": "pres_sub_2pl",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klyfizk",
        "2": "past_sub_2pl",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfisk",
        "2": "pres_sub_3pl",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klyfisk",
        "2": "past_sub_3pl",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfsk",
        "2": "impr_2sg",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfumsk",
        "2": "impr_1pl",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfizk",
        "2": "impr_2pl",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Norse",
  "lang_code": "non",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to cleave, split"
      ],
      "id": "en-kljúfa-non-verb--zsu5hku",
      "links": [
        [
          "cleave",
          "cleave"
        ],
        [
          "split",
          "split"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, with accusative) to cleave, split"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive",
        "with-accusative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kljúfa"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "kljúfa"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: kljúfa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: kljúfa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "klúgva"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: klúgva",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: klúgva"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "kljuva",
            "3": "kluva",
            "4": "kløyva",
            "5": ";",
            "6": "kljuga<q:dialectal>",
            "7": "kluba"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: kljuva, kluva, kløyva; (dialectal) kljuga, kluba",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: kljuva, kluva, kløyva; (dialectal) kljuga, kluba"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "kløyve",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: kløyve",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: kløyve"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ovd",
            "2": "kliuova"
          },
          "expansion": "Elfdalian: kliuova",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Elfdalian: kliuova"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-osw",
            "2": "klȳva"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Swedish: klȳva",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Swedish: klȳva"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "klyva"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: klyva",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: klyva"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-oda",
            "2": "klȳuæ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Danish: klȳuæ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Danish: klȳuæ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-scy",
            "2": "kløva"
          },
          "expansion": "Scanian: kløva",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scanian: kløva"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "kløve"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: kløve",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: kløve"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "kløve"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: kløve",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Bokmål: kløve"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-ogt",
            "2": "kliaufa"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Gutnish: kliaufa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Gutnish: kliaufa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-gut",
            "2": "klaue"
          },
          "expansion": "Gutnish: klaue",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gutnish: klaue"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*glewbʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*kleubaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kleubaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*glewbʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to split"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *glewbʰ- (“to split”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *kleubaną. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *glewbʰ- (“to split”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "klauf",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klufu",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klofinn",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "non-conj-strong",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "2",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfandi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klofinn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klýf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klauf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klýfr",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klauft",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klýfr",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klauf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klufum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfið",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klufuð",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klufu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klyfa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfir",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klyfir",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klyfi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klyfim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klyfið",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klyfi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "non-conj-strong",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "2",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfask",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfandisk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klofizk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfumk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klufumk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klýfsk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klaufzk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klýfsk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klaufsk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfumsk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klufumsk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfizk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klufuzk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfask",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klufusk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klyfumk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfisk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klyfisk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfisk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klyfisk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfimsk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klyfimsk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klyfizk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfisk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klyfisk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kljúfsk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "10": "{{{ppast2}}}",
        "11": "",
        "12": "{{{ppast3}}}",
        "13": "past participle",
        "14": "klofinn",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pp2}}}",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "singular past indicative",
        "4": "klauf",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{spast2}}}",
        "7": "plural past indicative",
        "8": "klufu",
        "9": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "kljúfa (singular past indicative klauf, plural past indicative klufu, past participle klofinn)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klauf",
        "2": "klufu",
        "3": "klofinn"
      },
      "expansion": "kljúfa (singular past indicative klauf, plural past indicative klufu, past participle klofinn)",
      "name": "non-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúf",
        "1i": "klýf",
        "2": "klauf",
        "3": "kluf",
        "3i": "klyf",
        "4": "klof",
        "class": "2"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-strong"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "impr_1pl": "kljúfum",
        "impr_2pl": "kljúfið",
        "impr_2sg": "kljúf",
        "infinitive": "kljúfa",
        "mp_impr_1pl": "kljúfumsk",
        "mp_impr_2pl": "kljúfizk",
        "mp_impr_2sg": "kljúfsk",
        "mp_infinitive": "kljúfask",
        "mp_past_ind_1pl": "klufumsk",
        "mp_past_ind_1sg": "klufumk",
        "mp_past_ind_2pl": "klufuzk",
        "mp_past_ind_2sg": "klaufzk",
        "mp_past_ind_3pl": "klufusk",
        "mp_past_ind_3sg": "klaufsk",
        "mp_past_part": "klofizk",
        "mp_past_sub_1pl": "klyfimsk",
        "mp_past_sub_1sg": "klyfumk",
        "mp_past_sub_2pl": "klyfizk",
        "mp_past_sub_2sg": "klyfisk",
        "mp_past_sub_3pl": "klyfisk",
        "mp_past_sub_3sg": "klyfisk",
        "mp_pres_ind_1pl": "kljúfumsk",
        "mp_pres_ind_1sg": "kljúfumk",
        "mp_pres_ind_2pl": "kljúfizk",
        "mp_pres_ind_2sg": "klýfsk",
        "mp_pres_ind_3pl": "kljúfask",
        "mp_pres_ind_3sg": "klýfsk",
        "mp_pres_part": "kljúfandisk",
        "mp_pres_sub_1pl": "kljúfimsk",
        "mp_pres_sub_1sg": "kljúfumk",
        "mp_pres_sub_2pl": "kljúfizk",
        "mp_pres_sub_2sg": "kljúfisk",
        "mp_pres_sub_3pl": "kljúfisk",
        "mp_pres_sub_3sg": "kljúfisk",
        "past_ind_1pl": "klufum",
        "past_ind_1sg": "klauf",
        "past_ind_2pl": "klufuð",
        "past_ind_2sg": "klauft",
        "past_ind_3pl": "klufu",
        "past_ind_3sg": "klauf",
        "past_part": "klofinn",
        "past_sub_1pl": "klyfim",
        "past_sub_1sg": "klyfa",
        "past_sub_2pl": "klyfið",
        "past_sub_2sg": "klyfir",
        "past_sub_3pl": "klyfi",
        "past_sub_3sg": "klyfi",
        "personal": "yes",
        "pres_ind_1pl": "kljúfum",
        "pres_ind_1sg": "klýf",
        "pres_ind_2pl": "kljúfið",
        "pres_ind_2sg": "klýfr",
        "pres_ind_3pl": "kljúfa",
        "pres_ind_3sg": "klýfr",
        "pres_part": "kljúfandi",
        "pres_sub_1pl": "kljúfim",
        "pres_sub_1sg": "kljúfa",
        "pres_sub_2pl": "kljúfið",
        "pres_sub_2sg": "kljúfir",
        "pres_sub_3pl": "kljúfi",
        "pres_sub_3sg": "kljúfi",
        "title1": "Conjugation of kljúfa — active (strong􂀽 class 2)",
        "title2": "Conjugation of kljúfa — mediopassive (strong􂀽 class 2)"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-blank-full"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "impr_1pl": "kljúfum",
        "impr_2pl": "kljúfið",
        "impr_2sg": "kljúf",
        "infinitive": "kljúfa",
        "mode": "act",
        "past_ind_1pl": "klufum",
        "past_ind_1sg": "klauf",
        "past_ind_2pl": "klufuð",
        "past_ind_2sg": "klauft",
        "past_ind_3pl": "klufu",
        "past_ind_3sg": "klauf",
        "past_part": "klofinn",
        "past_sub_1pl": "klyfim",
        "past_sub_1sg": "klyfa",
        "past_sub_2pl": "klyfið",
        "past_sub_2sg": "klyfir",
        "past_sub_3pl": "klyfi",
        "past_sub_3sg": "klyfi",
        "pres_ind_1pl": "kljúfum",
        "pres_ind_1sg": "klýf",
        "pres_ind_2pl": "kljúfið",
        "pres_ind_2sg": "klýfr",
        "pres_ind_3pl": "kljúfa",
        "pres_ind_3sg": "klýfr",
        "pres_part": "kljúfandi",
        "pres_sub_1pl": "kljúfim",
        "pres_sub_1sg": "kljúfa",
        "pres_sub_2pl": "kljúfið",
        "pres_sub_2sg": "kljúfir",
        "pres_sub_3pl": "kljúfi",
        "pres_sub_3sg": "kljúfi",
        "title": "Conjugation of kljúfa — active (strong􂀽 class 2)"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-table"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfa",
        "2": "infinitive",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfandi",
        "2": "pres_part",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klofinn",
        "2": "past_part",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klýf",
        "2": "pres_ind_1sg",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klauf",
        "2": "past_ind_1sg",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klýfr",
        "2": "pres_ind_2sg",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klauft",
        "2": "past_ind_2sg",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klýfr",
        "2": "pres_ind_3sg",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klauf",
        "2": "past_ind_3sg",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfum",
        "2": "pres_ind_1pl",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klufum",
        "2": "past_ind_1pl",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfið",
        "2": "pres_ind_2pl",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klufuð",
        "2": "past_ind_2pl",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfa",
        "2": "pres_ind_3pl",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klufu",
        "2": "past_ind_3pl",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfa",
        "2": "pres_sub_1sg",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klyfa",
        "2": "past_sub_1sg",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfir",
        "2": "pres_sub_2sg",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klyfir",
        "2": "past_sub_2sg",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfi",
        "2": "pres_sub_3sg",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klyfi",
        "2": "past_sub_3sg",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfim",
        "2": "pres_sub_1pl",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klyfim",
        "2": "past_sub_1pl",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfið",
        "2": "pres_sub_2pl",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klyfið",
        "2": "past_sub_2pl",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfi",
        "2": "pres_sub_3pl",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klyfi",
        "2": "past_sub_3pl",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúf",
        "2": "impr_2sg",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfum",
        "2": "impr_1pl",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfið",
        "2": "impr_2pl",
        "3": "act"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "impr_1pl": "kljúfumsk",
        "impr_2pl": "kljúfizk",
        "impr_2sg": "kljúfsk",
        "infinitive": "kljúfask",
        "mode": "mpass",
        "past_ind_1pl": "klufumsk",
        "past_ind_1sg": "klufumk",
        "past_ind_2pl": "klufuzk",
        "past_ind_2sg": "klaufzk",
        "past_ind_3pl": "klufusk",
        "past_ind_3sg": "klaufsk",
        "past_part": "klofizk",
        "past_sub_1pl": "klyfimsk",
        "past_sub_1sg": "klyfumk",
        "past_sub_2pl": "klyfizk",
        "past_sub_2sg": "klyfisk",
        "past_sub_3pl": "klyfisk",
        "past_sub_3sg": "klyfisk",
        "pres_ind_1pl": "kljúfumsk",
        "pres_ind_1sg": "kljúfumk",
        "pres_ind_2pl": "kljúfizk",
        "pres_ind_2sg": "klýfsk",
        "pres_ind_3pl": "kljúfask",
        "pres_ind_3sg": "klýfsk",
        "pres_part": "kljúfandisk",
        "pres_sub_1pl": "kljúfimsk",
        "pres_sub_1sg": "kljúfumk",
        "pres_sub_2pl": "kljúfizk",
        "pres_sub_2sg": "kljúfisk",
        "pres_sub_3pl": "kljúfisk",
        "pres_sub_3sg": "kljúfisk",
        "title": "Conjugation of kljúfa — mediopassive (strong􂀽 class 2)"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-table"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfask",
        "2": "infinitive",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfandisk",
        "2": "pres_part",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klofizk",
        "2": "past_part",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfumk",
        "2": "pres_ind_1sg",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klufumk",
        "2": "past_ind_1sg",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klýfsk",
        "2": "pres_ind_2sg",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klaufzk",
        "2": "past_ind_2sg",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klýfsk",
        "2": "pres_ind_3sg",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klaufsk",
        "2": "past_ind_3sg",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfumsk",
        "2": "pres_ind_1pl",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klufumsk",
        "2": "past_ind_1pl",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfizk",
        "2": "pres_ind_2pl",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klufuzk",
        "2": "past_ind_2pl",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfask",
        "2": "pres_ind_3pl",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klufusk",
        "2": "past_ind_3pl",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfumk",
        "2": "pres_sub_1sg",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klyfumk",
        "2": "past_sub_1sg",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfisk",
        "2": "pres_sub_2sg",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klyfisk",
        "2": "past_sub_2sg",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfisk",
        "2": "pres_sub_3sg",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klyfisk",
        "2": "past_sub_3sg",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfimsk",
        "2": "pres_sub_1pl",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klyfimsk",
        "2": "past_sub_1pl",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfizk",
        "2": "pres_sub_2pl",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klyfizk",
        "2": "past_sub_2pl",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfisk",
        "2": "pres_sub_3pl",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "klyfisk",
        "2": "past_sub_3pl",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfsk",
        "2": "impr_2sg",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfumsk",
        "2": "impr_1pl",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kljúfizk",
        "2": "impr_2pl",
        "3": "mpass"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Norse",
  "lang_code": "non",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Norse class 2 strong verbs",
        "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old Norse lemmas",
        "Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Old Norse terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *glewbʰ-",
        "Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Old Norse transitive verbs",
        "Old Norse verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to cleave, split"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cleave",
          "cleave"
        ],
        [
          "split",
          "split"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, with accusative) to cleave, split"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive",
        "with-accusative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kljúfa"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Norse dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.