"haugr" meaning in Old Norse

See haugr in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: From Proto-Germanic *haugaz. Related to hár (“high”), Danish høj (“high”), Swedish hög (“hill”), North English how, from Proto-Germanic *hauhaz. Etymology templates: {{root|non|ine-pro|*kewk-}}, {{inh|non|gem-pro|*haugaz}} Proto-Germanic *haugaz, {{cog|da|høj||high}} Danish høj (“high”), {{cog|sv|hög||hill}} Swedish hög (“hill”), {{der|non|gem-pro|*hauhaz}} Proto-Germanic *hauhaz Head templates: {{head|non|nouns|g=m|g2=|head=|sort=|tr=}} haugr m, {{non-noun|m|haugs|haugar}} haugr m (genitive haugs, plural haugar) Inflection templates: {{non-decl-m-a|haug|haug}}, {{non-decl-blank-full|apd=haugana|api=hauga|asd=hauginn|asi=haug|dpd=haugunum|dpi=haugum|dsd=hauginum|dsi=haugi|g=masculine|gpd=hauganna|gpi=hauga|gsd=haugsins|gsi=haugs|notes=|npd=haugarnir|npi=haugar|nsd=haugrinn|nsi=haugr|stem=strong a-stem|title=haugr}}, {{non-decl-cell|haugr|nsi}}, {{non-decl-cell|haugrinn|nsd}}, {{non-decl-cell|haugar|npi}}, {{non-decl-cell|haugarnir|npd}}, {{non-decl-cell|haug|asi}}, {{non-decl-cell|hauginn|asd}}, {{non-decl-cell|hauga|api}}, {{non-decl-cell|haugana|apd}}, {{non-decl-cell|haugi|dsi}}, {{non-decl-cell|hauginum|dsd}}, {{non-decl-cell|haugum|dpi}}, {{non-decl-cell|haugunum|dpd}}, {{non-decl-cell|haugs|gsi}}, {{non-decl-cell|haugsins|gsd}}, {{non-decl-cell|hauga|gpi}}, {{non-decl-cell|hauganna|gpd}} Forms: haugs [genitive], haugar [plural], strong [table-tags], haugr [indefinite, nominative, singular], haugrinn [definite, nominative, singular], haugar [indefinite, nominative, plural], haugarnir [definite, nominative, plural], haug [accusative, indefinite, singular], hauginn [accusative, definite, singular], hauga [accusative, indefinite, plural], haugana [accusative, definite, plural], haugi [dative, indefinite, singular], hauginum [dative, definite, singular], haugum [dative, indefinite, plural], haugunum [dative, definite, plural], haugs [genitive, indefinite, singular], haugsins [definite, genitive, singular], hauga [genitive, indefinite, plural], hauganna [definite, genitive, plural]
  1. howe, mound; dung heap, midden Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-haugr-non-noun-Ys-nKKp7 Categories (other): Old Norse entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Old Norse entries with incorrect language header: 92 8
  2. cairn; sacrificial mound Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-haugr-non-noun-UBDA2b73

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for haugr meaning in Old Norse (6.2kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "haugur"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: haugur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: haugur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "heyggjur",
            "3": "heygur"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: heyggjur, heygur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: heyggjur, heygur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "haug"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: haug",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: haug"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "haug"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: haug",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Bokmål: haug"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-osw",
            "2": "høgher"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Swedish: høgher",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Swedish: høgher"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "hög"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: hög",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: hög"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "høj"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: høj",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: høj"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "hoge",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle English: hoge",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle English: hoge"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "hoge",
            "3": "hogue",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old French: hoge, hogue",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old French: hoge, hogue"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kewk-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*haugaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haugaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "høj",
        "3": "",
        "4": "high"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish høj (“high”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "hög",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hill"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish hög (“hill”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hauhaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hauhaz",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *haugaz. Related to hár (“high”), Danish høj (“high”), Swedish hög (“hill”), North English how, from Proto-Germanic *hauhaz.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "haugs",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haugar",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "non-decl-m-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haugr",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haugrinn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haugar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haugarnir",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haug",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hauginn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hauga",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haugana",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haugi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hauginum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haugum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haugunum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haugs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haugsins",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hauga",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hauganna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "nouns",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "haugr m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "haugs",
        "3": "haugar"
      },
      "expansion": "haugr m (genitive haugs, plural haugar)",
      "name": "non-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "haug",
        "2": "haug"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-m-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "apd": "haugana",
        "api": "hauga",
        "asd": "hauginn",
        "asi": "haug",
        "dpd": "haugunum",
        "dpi": "haugum",
        "dsd": "hauginum",
        "dsi": "haugi",
        "g": "masculine",
        "gpd": "hauganna",
        "gpi": "hauga",
        "gsd": "haugsins",
        "gsi": "haugs",
        "notes": "",
        "npd": "haugarnir",
        "npi": "haugar",
        "nsd": "haugrinn",
        "nsi": "haugr",
        "stem": "strong a-stem",
        "title": "haugr"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-blank-full"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "haugr",
        "2": "nsi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "haugrinn",
        "2": "nsd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "haugar",
        "2": "npi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "haugarnir",
        "2": "npd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "haug",
        "2": "asi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hauginn",
        "2": "asd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hauga",
        "2": "api"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "haugana",
        "2": "apd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "haugi",
        "2": "dsi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hauginum",
        "2": "dsd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "haugum",
        "2": "dpi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "haugunum",
        "2": "dpd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "haugs",
        "2": "gsi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "haugsins",
        "2": "gsd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hauga",
        "2": "gpi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hauganna",
        "2": "gpd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Norse",
  "lang_code": "non",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "92 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "howe, mound; dung heap, midden"
      ],
      "id": "en-haugr-non-noun-Ys-nKKp7",
      "links": [
        [
          "howe",
          "howe"
        ],
        [
          "midden",
          "midden"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "cairn; sacrificial mound"
      ],
      "id": "en-haugr-non-noun-UBDA2b73",
      "links": [
        [
          "cairn",
          "cairn"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "haugr"
  ],
  "word": "haugr"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Norse lemmas",
    "Old Norse masculine a-stem nouns",
    "Old Norse masculine nouns",
    "Old Norse nouns",
    "Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old Norse terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kewk-",
    "Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "haugur"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: haugur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: haugur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "heyggjur",
            "3": "heygur"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: heyggjur, heygur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: heyggjur, heygur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "haug"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: haug",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: haug"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "haug"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: haug",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Bokmål: haug"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-osw",
            "2": "høgher"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Swedish: høgher",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Swedish: høgher"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "hög"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: hög",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: hög"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "høj"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: høj",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: høj"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "hoge",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle English: hoge",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle English: hoge"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "hoge",
            "3": "hogue",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old French: hoge, hogue",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old French: hoge, hogue"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kewk-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*haugaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haugaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "høj",
        "3": "",
        "4": "high"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish høj (“high”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "hög",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hill"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish hög (“hill”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hauhaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hauhaz",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *haugaz. Related to hár (“high”), Danish høj (“high”), Swedish hög (“hill”), North English how, from Proto-Germanic *hauhaz.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "haugs",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haugar",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "non-decl-m-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haugr",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haugrinn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haugar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haugarnir",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haug",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hauginn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hauga",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haugana",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haugi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hauginum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haugum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haugunum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haugs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haugsins",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hauga",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hauganna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "nouns",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "haugr m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "haugs",
        "3": "haugar"
      },
      "expansion": "haugr m (genitive haugs, plural haugar)",
      "name": "non-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "haug",
        "2": "haug"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-m-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "apd": "haugana",
        "api": "hauga",
        "asd": "hauginn",
        "asi": "haug",
        "dpd": "haugunum",
        "dpi": "haugum",
        "dsd": "hauginum",
        "dsi": "haugi",
        "g": "masculine",
        "gpd": "hauganna",
        "gpi": "hauga",
        "gsd": "haugsins",
        "gsi": "haugs",
        "notes": "",
        "npd": "haugarnir",
        "npi": "haugar",
        "nsd": "haugrinn",
        "nsi": "haugr",
        "stem": "strong a-stem",
        "title": "haugr"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-blank-full"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "haugr",
        "2": "nsi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "haugrinn",
        "2": "nsd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "haugar",
        "2": "npi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "haugarnir",
        "2": "npd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "haug",
        "2": "asi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hauginn",
        "2": "asd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hauga",
        "2": "api"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "haugana",
        "2": "apd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "haugi",
        "2": "dsi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hauginum",
        "2": "dsd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "haugum",
        "2": "dpi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "haugunum",
        "2": "dpd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "haugs",
        "2": "gsi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "haugsins",
        "2": "gsd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hauga",
        "2": "gpi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hauganna",
        "2": "gpd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Norse",
  "lang_code": "non",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "howe, mound; dung heap, midden"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "howe",
          "howe"
        ],
        [
          "midden",
          "midden"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "cairn; sacrificial mound"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cairn",
          "cairn"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "haugr"
  ],
  "word": "haugr"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Norse dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.