"barð" meaning in Old Norse

See barð in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: From Proto-Germanic *bardą n, variant of *bardaz m (“beard”) (whence Old English beard, Old High German bart). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰéh₂. Etymology templates: {{inh|non|gem-pro|*bardą|g=n}} Proto-Germanic *bardą n, {{m|gem-pro|*bardaz||beard|g=m}} *bardaz m (“beard”), {{cog|ang|beard}} Old English beard, {{cog|goh|bart}} Old High German bart, {{der|non|ine-pro|*bʰardʰéh₂}} Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰéh₂ Head templates: {{head|non|nouns|g=n|g2=|head=|sort=|tr=}} barð n, {{non-noun|n|barðs|bǫrð}} barð n (genitive barðs, plural bǫrð) Inflection templates: {{non-decl-n-a|barð|bǫrð}}, {{non-decl-blank-full|apd=bǫrðin|api=bǫrð|asd=barðit|asi=barð|dpd=bǫrðunum|dpi=bǫrðum|dsd=barðinu|dsi=barði|g=neuter|gpd=barðanna|gpi=barða|gsd=barðsins|gsi=barðs|notes=|npd=bǫrðin|npi=bǫrð|nsd=barðit|nsi=barð|stem=strong a-stem|title=barð}}, {{non-decl-cell|barð|nsi}}, {{non-decl-cell|barðit|nsd}}, {{non-decl-cell|bǫrð|npi}}, {{non-decl-cell|bǫrðin|npd}}, {{non-decl-cell|barð|asi}}, {{non-decl-cell|barðit|asd}}, {{non-decl-cell|bǫrð|api}}, {{non-decl-cell|bǫrðin|apd}}, {{non-decl-cell|barði|dsi}}, {{non-decl-cell|barðinu|dsd}}, {{non-decl-cell|bǫrðum|dpi}}, {{non-decl-cell|bǫrðunum|dpd}}, {{non-decl-cell|barðs|gsi}}, {{non-decl-cell|barðsins|gsd}}, {{non-decl-cell|barða|gpi}}, {{non-decl-cell|barðanna|gpd}} Forms: barðs [genitive], bǫrð [plural], strong [table-tags], barð [indefinite, nominative, singular], barðit [definite, nominative, singular], bǫrð [indefinite, nominative, plural], bǫrðin [definite, nominative, plural], barð [accusative, indefinite, singular], barðit [accusative, definite, singular], bǫrð [accusative, indefinite, plural], bǫrðin [accusative, definite, plural], barði [dative, indefinite, singular], barðinu [dative, definite, singular], bǫrðum [dative, indefinite, plural], bǫrðunum [dative, definite, plural], barðs [genitive, indefinite, singular], barðsins [definite, genitive, singular], barða [genitive, indefinite, plural], barðanna [definite, genitive, plural]
  1. brim (of a hat or helmet) Tags: neuter
    Sense id: en-barð-non-noun-F-56~9mF
  2. (nautical) an armed prow, beak (of a ship) Tags: neuter Categories (topical): Nautical, Hair
    Sense id: en-barð-non-noun-ujs8eC1Z Disambiguation of Hair: 25 42 33 Topics: nautical, transport
  3. (rare) beard Tags: neuter, rare Synonyms: skegg [common]
    Sense id: en-barð-non-noun-lBGSq7CG
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: Hárbarðr (english: Odin; grey-beard) [literally], Langbarðr (english: Langobard, Odin; long-beard) [literally]

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for barð meaning in Old Norse (6.3kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "Odin; grey-beard",
      "tags": [
        "literally"
      ],
      "word": "Hárbarðr"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "Langobard, Odin; long-beard",
      "tags": [
        "literally"
      ],
      "word": "Langbarðr"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "barð"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: barð",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: barð"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "bard",
            "g": "m"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: bard m",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Bokmål: bard m"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "bard",
            "3": "barde"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: bard, barde",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: bard, barde"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "bard",
            "3": "bård"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: bard, bård",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: bard, bård"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*bardą",
        "g": "n"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bardą n",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*bardaz",
        "3": "",
        "4": "beard",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "*bardaz m (“beard”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "beard"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English beard",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "bart"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German bart",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰardʰéh₂"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰéh₂",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *bardą n, variant of *bardaz m (“beard”) (whence Old English beard, Old High German bart). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰéh₂.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "barðs",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bǫrð",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "non-decl-n-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "barð",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "barðit",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bǫrð",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bǫrðin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "barð",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "barðit",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bǫrð",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bǫrðin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "barði",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "barðinu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bǫrðum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bǫrðunum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "barðs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "barðsins",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "barða",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "barðanna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "nouns",
        "g": "n",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "barð n",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n",
        "2": "barðs",
        "3": "bǫrð"
      },
      "expansion": "barð n (genitive barðs, plural bǫrð)",
      "name": "non-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "barð",
        "2": "bǫrð"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-n-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "apd": "bǫrðin",
        "api": "bǫrð",
        "asd": "barðit",
        "asi": "barð",
        "dpd": "bǫrðunum",
        "dpi": "bǫrðum",
        "dsd": "barðinu",
        "dsi": "barði",
        "g": "neuter",
        "gpd": "barðanna",
        "gpi": "barða",
        "gsd": "barðsins",
        "gsi": "barðs",
        "notes": "",
        "npd": "bǫrðin",
        "npi": "bǫrð",
        "nsd": "barðit",
        "nsi": "barð",
        "stem": "strong a-stem",
        "title": "barð"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-blank-full"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "barð",
        "2": "nsi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "barðit",
        "2": "nsd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bǫrð",
        "2": "npi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bǫrðin",
        "2": "npd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "barð",
        "2": "asi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "barðit",
        "2": "asd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bǫrð",
        "2": "api"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bǫrðin",
        "2": "apd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "barði",
        "2": "dsi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "barðinu",
        "2": "dsd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bǫrðum",
        "2": "dpi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bǫrðunum",
        "2": "dpd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "barðs",
        "2": "gsi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "barðsins",
        "2": "gsd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "barða",
        "2": "gpi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "barðanna",
        "2": "gpd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Norse",
  "lang_code": "non",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "brim (of a hat or helmet)"
      ],
      "id": "en-barð-non-noun-F-56~9mF",
      "links": [
        [
          "brim",
          "brim"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "non",
          "name": "Nautical",
          "orig": "non:Nautical",
          "parents": [
            "Transport",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 42 33",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "non",
          "name": "Hair",
          "orig": "non:Hair",
          "parents": [
            "Body parts",
            "Body",
            "Anatomy",
            "Human",
            "Biology",
            "Medicine",
            "All topics",
            "Sciences",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "an armed prow, beak (of a ship)"
      ],
      "id": "en-barð-non-noun-ujs8eC1Z",
      "links": [
        [
          "nautical",
          "nautical"
        ],
        [
          "armed",
          "armed"
        ],
        [
          "prow",
          "prow"
        ],
        [
          "beak",
          "beak"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(nautical) an armed prow, beak (of a ship)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "nautical",
        "transport"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "beard"
      ],
      "id": "en-barð-non-noun-lBGSq7CG",
      "links": [
        [
          "beard",
          "beard"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) beard"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "common"
          ],
          "word": "skegg"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "barð"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Norse lemmas",
    "Old Norse neuter a-stem nouns",
    "Old Norse neuter nouns",
    "Old Norse nouns",
    "Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "non:Hair"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "Odin; grey-beard",
      "tags": [
        "literally"
      ],
      "word": "Hárbarðr"
    },
    {
      "english": "Langobard, Odin; long-beard",
      "tags": [
        "literally"
      ],
      "word": "Langbarðr"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "barð"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: barð",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: barð"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "bard",
            "g": "m"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: bard m",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Bokmål: bard m"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "bard",
            "3": "barde"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: bard, barde",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: bard, barde"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "bard",
            "3": "bård"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: bard, bård",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: bard, bård"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*bardą",
        "g": "n"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bardą n",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*bardaz",
        "3": "",
        "4": "beard",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "*bardaz m (“beard”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "beard"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English beard",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "bart"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German bart",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰardʰéh₂"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰéh₂",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *bardą n, variant of *bardaz m (“beard”) (whence Old English beard, Old High German bart). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰéh₂.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "barðs",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bǫrð",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "non-decl-n-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "barð",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "barðit",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bǫrð",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bǫrðin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "barð",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "barðit",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bǫrð",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bǫrðin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "barði",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "barðinu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bǫrðum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bǫrðunum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "barðs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "barðsins",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "barða",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "barðanna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "nouns",
        "g": "n",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "barð n",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n",
        "2": "barðs",
        "3": "bǫrð"
      },
      "expansion": "barð n (genitive barðs, plural bǫrð)",
      "name": "non-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "barð",
        "2": "bǫrð"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-n-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "apd": "bǫrðin",
        "api": "bǫrð",
        "asd": "barðit",
        "asi": "barð",
        "dpd": "bǫrðunum",
        "dpi": "bǫrðum",
        "dsd": "barðinu",
        "dsi": "barði",
        "g": "neuter",
        "gpd": "barðanna",
        "gpi": "barða",
        "gsd": "barðsins",
        "gsi": "barðs",
        "notes": "",
        "npd": "bǫrðin",
        "npi": "bǫrð",
        "nsd": "barðit",
        "nsi": "barð",
        "stem": "strong a-stem",
        "title": "barð"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-blank-full"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "barð",
        "2": "nsi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "barðit",
        "2": "nsd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bǫrð",
        "2": "npi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bǫrðin",
        "2": "npd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "barð",
        "2": "asi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "barðit",
        "2": "asd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bǫrð",
        "2": "api"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bǫrðin",
        "2": "apd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "barði",
        "2": "dsi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "barðinu",
        "2": "dsd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bǫrðum",
        "2": "dpi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bǫrðunum",
        "2": "dpd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "barðs",
        "2": "gsi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "barðsins",
        "2": "gsd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "barða",
        "2": "gpi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "barðanna",
        "2": "gpd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Norse",
  "lang_code": "non",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "brim (of a hat or helmet)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "brim",
          "brim"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "non:Nautical"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "an armed prow, beak (of a ship)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "nautical",
          "nautical"
        ],
        [
          "armed",
          "armed"
        ],
        [
          "prow",
          "prow"
        ],
        [
          "beak",
          "beak"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(nautical) an armed prow, beak (of a ship)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "nautical",
        "transport"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Norse terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "beard"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "beard",
          "beard"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) beard"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "common"
          ],
          "word": "skegg"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "barð"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Norse dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.