See 火 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "fire deity",
"roman": "pi2 no2 kami2",
"word": "火の神"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "fire using dried reed as kindling or fuel",
"roman": "asipi2",
"word": "葦火"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "火",
"3": "灯",
"tr": "hi",
"tr2": "hi"
},
"expansion": "Japanese: 火 (hi), 灯 (hi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Japanese: 火 (hi), 灯 (hi)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "pi2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*poy",
"sort": "ひ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *poy",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Japonic *poy.\nApophonic form of po₁ (see below).\nCompare the development of 木 (ki₂, ko₂-, “tree”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pi₂",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ひ",
"tags": [
"hiragana"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "noun",
"3": "kana",
"4": "ひ",
"sort": "ひ",
"tr": "pi₂"
},
"expansion": "火 (pi₂) (kana ひ)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Japanese",
"lang_code": "ojp",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 0 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ojp",
"name": "Fire",
"orig": "ojp:Fire",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
15
]
],
"ref": "711–712, Kojiki, poem 24:",
"roman": "sanesasi Sagamu no₂ wono₁ ni mo₁yuru pi₂ no₂ po₁naka ni tatite to₁pi₁si ki₁mi₁ pa mo₂",
"text": "佐泥佐斯佐賀牟能袁怒邇毛由流肥能本那迦邇多知弖斗比斯岐美波母",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a fire"
],
"id": "en-火-ojp-noun-PFnnoIYJ",
"links": [
[
"fire",
"fire"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a light"
],
"id": "en-火-ojp-noun-SjdikRaZ",
"links": [
[
"light",
"light"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) a light"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"word": "火"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "火",
"tr": "ho"
},
"expansion": "Japanese: 火 (ho)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Japanese: 火 (ho)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "po"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Combining form of pi₂ above, probably the older form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ほ",
"tags": [
"hiragana"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "noun",
"3": "kana",
"4": "ほ",
"sort": "ほ",
"tr": "po₁ → po"
},
"expansion": "火 (po₁ → po) (kana ほ)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Japanese",
"lang_code": "ojp",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 0 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ojp",
"name": "Fire",
"orig": "ojp:Fire",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "firefly",
"roman": "potaru",
"word": "螢"
},
{
"english": "fire deity",
"roman": "po no2 kami2",
"word": "火の神"
},
{
"english": "flame",
"roman": "pono2po",
"word": "炎"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a fire"
],
"id": "en-火-ojp-noun-PFnnoIYJ1",
"links": [
[
"fire",
"fire"
]
]
}
],
"word": "火"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "pu"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "759 <small class='ce-date'>CE</small>",
"short": "1"
},
"expansion": "c. 759 CE",
"name": "circa2"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Vovin (2011) p. 222"
},
"expansion": "Vovin (2011) p. 222",
"name": "jpx-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*poy",
"sort": "ふ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *poy",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Appears in only one poem in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE) as a compound, see derived term 葦火 (asipu).\nAccording to Vovin (2011) p. 222, this is the vowel raising of the nucleus of Proto-Japonic *poy to *puy, followed by deletion of the *-y consonant.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ふ",
"tags": [
"hiragana"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "noun",
"3": "kana",
"4": "ふ",
"sort": "ふ",
"tr": "pu"
},
"expansion": "火 (pu) (kana ふ)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Japanese",
"lang_code": "ojp",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional Old Japanese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 18 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 0 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ojp",
"name": "Fire",
"orig": "ojp:Fire",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "Mount Fuji; disputed; might be an Ainu loanword",
"roman": "Puzi",
"word": "富士"
},
{
"english": "fire using dried reed as kindling or fuel",
"roman": "asipu",
"word": "葦火"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a fire"
],
"id": "en-火-ojp-noun-PFnnoIYJ1",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"fire",
"fire"
]
],
"qualifier": "Central Eastern Old Japanese",
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional, Central Eastern Old Japanese) a fire"
],
"tags": [
"regional"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Man'yōshū"
],
"word": "火"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Japanese lemmas",
"Old Japanese nouns",
"Old Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Old Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Old Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Old Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"ojp:Fire"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "fire deity",
"roman": "pi2 no2 kami2",
"word": "火の神"
},
{
"english": "fire using dried reed as kindling or fuel",
"roman": "asipi2",
"word": "葦火"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "火",
"3": "灯",
"tr": "hi",
"tr2": "hi"
},
"expansion": "Japanese: 火 (hi), 灯 (hi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Japanese: 火 (hi), 灯 (hi)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "pi2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*poy",
"sort": "ひ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *poy",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Japonic *poy.\nApophonic form of po₁ (see below).\nCompare the development of 木 (ki₂, ko₂-, “tree”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pi₂",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ひ",
"tags": [
"hiragana"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "noun",
"3": "kana",
"4": "ひ",
"sort": "ひ",
"tr": "pi₂"
},
"expansion": "火 (pi₂) (kana ひ)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Japanese",
"lang_code": "ojp",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Japanese terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Old Japanese quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
15
]
],
"ref": "711–712, Kojiki, poem 24:",
"roman": "sanesasi Sagamu no₂ wono₁ ni mo₁yuru pi₂ no₂ po₁naka ni tatite to₁pi₁si ki₁mi₁ pa mo₂",
"text": "佐泥佐斯佐賀牟能袁怒邇毛由流肥能本那迦邇多知弖斗比斯岐美波母",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a fire"
],
"links": [
[
"fire",
"fire"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a light"
],
"links": [
[
"light",
"light"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) a light"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"word": "火"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Japanese lemmas",
"Old Japanese nouns",
"Old Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Old Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Old Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Old Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"ojp:Fire"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "firefly",
"roman": "potaru",
"word": "螢"
},
{
"english": "fire deity",
"roman": "po no2 kami2",
"word": "火の神"
},
{
"english": "flame",
"roman": "pono2po",
"word": "炎"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "火",
"tr": "ho"
},
"expansion": "Japanese: 火 (ho)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Japanese: 火 (ho)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "po"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Combining form of pi₂ above, probably the older form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ほ",
"tags": [
"hiragana"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "noun",
"3": "kana",
"4": "ほ",
"sort": "ほ",
"tr": "po₁ → po"
},
"expansion": "火 (po₁ → po) (kana ほ)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Japanese",
"lang_code": "ojp",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a fire"
],
"links": [
[
"fire",
"fire"
]
]
}
],
"word": "火"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Japanese lemmas",
"Old Japanese nouns",
"Old Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Old Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Old Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Old Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"ojp:Fire"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "Mount Fuji; disputed; might be an Ainu loanword",
"roman": "Puzi",
"word": "富士"
},
{
"english": "fire using dried reed as kindling or fuel",
"roman": "asipu",
"word": "葦火"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "pu"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "759 <small class='ce-date'>CE</small>",
"short": "1"
},
"expansion": "c. 759 CE",
"name": "circa2"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Vovin (2011) p. 222"
},
"expansion": "Vovin (2011) p. 222",
"name": "jpx-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*poy",
"sort": "ふ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *poy",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Appears in only one poem in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE) as a compound, see derived term 葦火 (asipu).\nAccording to Vovin (2011) p. 222, this is the vowel raising of the nucleus of Proto-Japonic *poy to *puy, followed by deletion of the *-y consonant.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ふ",
"tags": [
"hiragana"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "noun",
"3": "kana",
"4": "ふ",
"sort": "ふ",
"tr": "pu"
},
"expansion": "火 (pu) (kana ふ)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Japanese",
"lang_code": "ojp",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Regional Old Japanese"
],
"glosses": [
"a fire"
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"fire",
"fire"
]
],
"qualifier": "Central Eastern Old Japanese",
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional, Central Eastern Old Japanese) a fire"
],
"tags": [
"regional"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Man'yōshū"
],
"word": "火"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 火 meaning in Old Japanese (5.5kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: po₁ → po",
"path": [
"火"
],
"section": "Old Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "火",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (a4e883e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.