"悲し" meaning in Old Japanese

See 悲し in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

Etymology: From Proto-Japonic *kanasi (“emotionally overwhelming”). Etymology templates: {{inh|ojp|jpx-pro|*kanasi|sort=かなし|t=emotionally overwhelming}} Proto-Japonic *kanasi (“emotionally overwhelming”) Head templates: {{head|ojp|adjective|kana|かなし|tr=kanasi}} 悲し (kanasi) (kana かなし) Inflection templates: {{ja-conj-bungo|かな|adj-shiku}} Forms: kanasi [romanization], かなし [hiragana], no-table-tags [table-tags], 悲しく [irrealis, stem], 悲しから [irrealis, stem], かなしく [irrealis, stem], かなしから [irrealis, stem], kanasiku [irrealis], kanasikara [irrealis], 悲しく [continuative, stem], 悲しかり [continuative, stem], かなしく [continuative, stem], かなしかり [continuative, stem], kanasiku [continuative], kanasikari [continuative], 悲し [stem, terminative], かなし [stem, terminative], kanasi [terminative], 悲しき [attributive, stem], 悲しかる [attributive, stem], かなしき [attributive, stem], かなしかる [attributive, stem], kanasiki [attributive], kanasikaru [attributive], 悲しけれ [realis, stem], かなしけれ [realis, stem], kanasikere [realis], 悲しかれ [imperative, stem], かなしかれ [imperative, stem], kanasikare [imperative], 悲しからず [error-unrecognized-form, negative], かなしからず [error-unrecognized-form, negative], kanasikarazu [negative], 悲しけれど [contrastive, error-unrecognized-form], かなしけれど [contrastive, error-unrecognized-form], kanasikeredo [contrastive], 悲しければ [causative, error-unrecognized-form], かなしければ [causative, error-unrecognized-form], kanasikereba [causative], 悲しくば [conditional, error-unrecognized-form], かなしくば [conditional, error-unrecognized-form], kanasikuba [conditional], 悲しかりき [error-unrecognized-form, past], かなしかりき [error-unrecognized-form, past], kanasikariki [past], 悲しかりけり [error-unrecognized-form, past], かなしかりけり [error-unrecognized-form, past], kanasikarikeri [past], 悲しく [adverbial, error-unrecognized-form], かなしく [adverbial, error-unrecognized-form], kanasiku [adverbial]
  1. emotionally overwhelming:
    beloved, dear
    Sense id: en-悲し-ojp-adj-6KIPoaUP Categories (other): Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Old Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Disambiguation of Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 70 30 Disambiguation of Old Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 88 12
  2. emotionally overwhelming:
    sad
    Sense id: en-悲し-ojp-adj-7rh1xjnV

Download JSON data for 悲し meaning in Old Japanese (5.9kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "悲しい",
            "t": "sad",
            "tr": "kanashii"
          },
          "expansion": "Japanese: 悲しい (kanashii, “sad”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Japanese: 悲しい (kanashii, “sad”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ojp",
        "2": "jpx-pro",
        "3": "*kanasi",
        "sort": "かなし",
        "t": "emotionally overwhelming"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kanasi (“emotionally overwhelming”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Japonic *kanasi (“emotionally overwhelming”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kanasi",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かなし",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-conj-bungo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲しく",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲しから",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かなしく",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かなしから",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanasiku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanasikara",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲しく",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲しかり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かなしく",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かなしかり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanasiku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanasikari",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かなし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanasi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲しき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲しかる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かなしき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かなしかる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanasiki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanasikaru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲しけれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かなしけれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanasikere",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲しかれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かなしかれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanasikare",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲しからず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かなしからず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanasikarazu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲しけれど",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かなしけれど",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanasikeredo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲しければ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かなしければ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanasikereba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲しくば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かなしくば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanasikuba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲しかりき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かなしかりき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanasikariki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲しかりけり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かなしかりけり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanasikarikeri",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲しく",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かなしく",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanasiku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ojp",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "kana",
        "4": "かなし",
        "tr": "kanasi"
      },
      "expansion": "悲し (kanasi) (kana かなし)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "かな",
        "2": "adj-shiku"
      },
      "name": "ja-conj-bungo"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ojp",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "70 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "88 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "emotionally overwhelming:",
        "beloved, dear"
      ],
      "id": "en-悲し-ojp-adj-6KIPoaUP",
      "links": [
        [
          "emotionally",
          "emotional"
        ],
        [
          "overwhelming",
          "overwhelming"
        ],
        [
          "beloved",
          "beloved"
        ],
        [
          "dear",
          "dear"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "emotionally overwhelming:",
        "sad"
      ],
      "id": "en-悲し-ojp-adj-7rh1xjnV",
      "links": [
        [
          "emotionally",
          "emotional"
        ],
        [
          "overwhelming",
          "overwhelming"
        ],
        [
          "sad",
          "sad"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "悲し"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Japanese adjectives",
    "Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Japanese lemmas",
    "Old Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
    "Old Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
    "Old Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "悲しい",
            "t": "sad",
            "tr": "kanashii"
          },
          "expansion": "Japanese: 悲しい (kanashii, “sad”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Japanese: 悲しい (kanashii, “sad”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ojp",
        "2": "jpx-pro",
        "3": "*kanasi",
        "sort": "かなし",
        "t": "emotionally overwhelming"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kanasi (“emotionally overwhelming”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Japonic *kanasi (“emotionally overwhelming”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kanasi",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かなし",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-conj-bungo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲しく",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲しから",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かなしく",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かなしから",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanasiku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanasikara",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲しく",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲しかり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かなしく",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かなしかり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanasiku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanasikari",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かなし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanasi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲しき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲しかる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かなしき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かなしかる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanasiki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanasikaru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲しけれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かなしけれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanasikere",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲しかれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かなしかれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanasikare",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲しからず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かなしからず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanasikarazu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲しけれど",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かなしけれど",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanasikeredo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲しければ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かなしければ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanasikereba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲しくば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かなしくば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanasikuba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲しかりき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かなしかりき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanasikariki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲しかりけり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かなしかりけり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanasikarikeri",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲しく",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かなしく",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanasiku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ojp",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "kana",
        "4": "かなし",
        "tr": "kanasi"
      },
      "expansion": "悲し (kanasi) (kana かなし)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "かな",
        "2": "adj-shiku"
      },
      "name": "ja-conj-bungo"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ojp",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "emotionally overwhelming:",
        "beloved, dear"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "emotionally",
          "emotional"
        ],
        [
          "overwhelming",
          "overwhelming"
        ],
        [
          "beloved",
          "beloved"
        ],
        [
          "dear",
          "dear"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "emotionally overwhelming:",
        "sad"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "emotionally",
          "emotional"
        ],
        [
          "overwhelming",
          "overwhelming"
        ],
        [
          "sad",
          "sad"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "悲し"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e268c0e and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.