See 悲し in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "kanashii",
"word": "悲しい"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*kanasi-",
"sort": "かなし",
"t": "emotionally overwhelming"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kanasi- (“emotionally overwhelming”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Japonic *kanasi- (“emotionally overwhelming”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kanasi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "かなし",
"tags": [
"hiragana"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しから",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしから",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasiku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikara",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しかり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしかり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasiku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "悲し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "かなし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しかる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしかる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikaru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しけれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしけれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しかれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしかれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しからず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしからず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikarazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しけれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしけれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikeredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しければ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしければ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しくば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしくば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikuba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しかりき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしかりき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikariki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しかりけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしかりけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikarikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasiku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "kana",
"4": "かなし",
"tr": "kanasi"
},
"expansion": "悲し (kanasi) (kana かなし)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かな",
"2": "adj-shiku"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Japanese",
"lang_code": "ojp",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"sad; sorrowful; griefful"
],
"id": "en-悲し-ojp-adj-pOx74B1L",
"links": [
[
"sad",
"sad"
],
[
"sorrowful",
"sorrowful"
],
[
"griefful",
"griefful"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 80",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beloved, dear"
],
"id": "en-悲し-ojp-adj-hvZau-ni",
"links": [
[
"beloved",
"beloved"
],
[
"dear",
"dear"
]
]
}
],
"word": "悲し"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Japanese adjectives",
"Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Japanese lemmas",
"Old Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Old Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Old Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "kanashii",
"word": "悲しい"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*kanasi-",
"sort": "かなし",
"t": "emotionally overwhelming"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kanasi- (“emotionally overwhelming”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Japonic *kanasi- (“emotionally overwhelming”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kanasi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "かなし",
"tags": [
"hiragana"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しから",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしから",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasiku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikara",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しかり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしかり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasiku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "悲し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "かなし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しかる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしかる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikaru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しけれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしけれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しかれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしかれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しからず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしからず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikarazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しけれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしけれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikeredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しければ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしければ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しくば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしくば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikuba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しかりき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしかりき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikariki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しかりけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしかりけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikarikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasiku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "kana",
"4": "かなし",
"tr": "kanasi"
},
"expansion": "悲し (kanasi) (kana かなし)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かな",
"2": "adj-shiku"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Japanese",
"lang_code": "ojp",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"sad; sorrowful; griefful"
],
"links": [
[
"sad",
"sad"
],
[
"sorrowful",
"sorrowful"
],
[
"griefful",
"griefful"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"beloved, dear"
],
"links": [
[
"beloved",
"beloved"
],
[
"dear",
"dear"
]
]
}
],
"word": "悲し"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 悲し meaning in Old Japanese (5.8kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 悲し/Old Japanese 'Key constructions' base_tags={'stem'}",
"path": [
"悲し"
],
"section": "Old Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "悲し",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (be32728 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.