See 悲し in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "悲しい",
"t": "sad",
"tr": "kanashii"
},
"expansion": "Japanese: 悲しい (kanashii, “sad”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Japanese: 悲しい (kanashii, “sad”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*kanasi",
"sort": "かなし",
"t": "emotionally overwhelming"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kanasi (“emotionally overwhelming”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Japonic *kanasi (“emotionally overwhelming”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kanasi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "かなし",
"tags": [
"hiragana"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しから",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしから",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasiku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikara",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しかり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしかり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasiku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "悲し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "かなし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しかる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしかる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikaru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しけれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしけれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しかれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしかれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しからず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしからず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikarazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しけれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしけれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikeredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しければ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしければ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しくば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしくば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikuba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しかりき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしかりき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikariki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しかりけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしかりけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikarikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasiku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "kana",
"4": "かなし",
"tr": "kanasi"
},
"expansion": "悲し (kanasi) (kana かなし)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かな",
"2": "adj-shiku"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Japanese",
"lang_code": "ojp",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "88 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "74 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"emotionally overwhelming:",
"beloved, dear"
],
"id": "en-悲し-ojp-adj-6KIPoaUP",
"links": [
[
"emotionally",
"emotional"
],
[
"overwhelming",
"overwhelming"
],
[
"beloved",
"beloved"
],
[
"dear",
"dear"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"emotionally overwhelming:",
"sad"
],
"id": "en-悲し-ojp-adj-7rh1xjnV",
"links": [
[
"emotionally",
"emotional"
],
[
"overwhelming",
"overwhelming"
],
[
"sad",
"sad"
]
]
}
],
"word": "悲し"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Japanese adjectives",
"Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Japanese lemmas",
"Old Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Old Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Old Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "悲しい",
"t": "sad",
"tr": "kanashii"
},
"expansion": "Japanese: 悲しい (kanashii, “sad”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Japanese: 悲しい (kanashii, “sad”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*kanasi",
"sort": "かなし",
"t": "emotionally overwhelming"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kanasi (“emotionally overwhelming”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Japonic *kanasi (“emotionally overwhelming”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kanasi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "かなし",
"tags": [
"hiragana"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しから",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしから",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasiku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikara",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しかり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしかり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasiku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "悲し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "かなし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しかる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしかる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikaru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しけれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしけれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しかれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしかれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しからず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしからず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikarazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しけれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしけれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikeredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しければ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしければ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しくば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしくば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikuba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しかりき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしかりき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikariki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しかりけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしかりけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasikarikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "悲しく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かなしく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kanasiku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "kana",
"4": "かなし",
"tr": "kanasi"
},
"expansion": "悲し (kanasi) (kana かなし)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かな",
"2": "adj-shiku"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Japanese",
"lang_code": "ojp",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"emotionally overwhelming:",
"beloved, dear"
],
"links": [
[
"emotionally",
"emotional"
],
[
"overwhelming",
"overwhelming"
],
[
"beloved",
"beloved"
],
[
"dear",
"dear"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"emotionally overwhelming:",
"sad"
],
"links": [
[
"emotionally",
"emotional"
],
[
"overwhelming",
"overwhelming"
],
[
"sad",
"sad"
]
]
}
],
"word": "悲し"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 悲し meaning in Old Japanese (5.8kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/2530",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old Japanese]; cleaned text: ^([1])Without auxiliary verb. ^([2])With auxiliary verb., style: text-align:left;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"悲し"
],
"section": "Old Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "悲し",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 悲し/Old Japanese 'Key constructions' base_tags={'stem'}",
"path": [
"悲し"
],
"section": "Old Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "悲し",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (0c0c1f1 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.