"來" meaning in Old Japanese

See 來 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Head templates: {{head|ojp|verb|kana|く|sort=く|tr=ku}} 來 (ku) (kana く) Inflection templates: {{ja-conj-bungo||irreg-k|sik=來}} Forms: ku [romanization], く [hiragana], no-table-tags [table-tags], 來 [irrealis, stem], こ [irrealis, stem], ko [irrealis], 來 [continuative, stem], き [continuative, stem], ki [continuative], 來 [stem, terminative], く [stem, terminative], ku [terminative], 來る [attributive, stem], くる [attributive, stem], kuru [attributive], 來れ [realis, stem], くれ [realis, stem], kure [realis], 來 [imperative, stem], 來よ [imperative, stem], こ [imperative, stem], こよ [imperative, stem], ko [imperative], koyo [imperative], 來ず [error-unrecognized-form, negative], こず [error-unrecognized-form, negative], kozu [negative], 來れど [contrastive, error-unrecognized-form], くれど [contrastive, error-unrecognized-form], kuredo [contrastive], 來れば [causative, error-unrecognized-form], くれば [causative, error-unrecognized-form], kureba [causative], 來ば [conditional, error-unrecognized-form], こば [conditional, error-unrecognized-form], koba [conditional], 來し [error-unrecognized-form, past], こし [error-unrecognized-form, past], きし [error-unrecognized-form, past], kosi [past], kisi [past], 來けり [error-unrecognized-form, past], きけり [error-unrecognized-form, past], kikeri [past], 來つ [error-unrecognized-form, perfect], きつ [error-unrecognized-form, perfect], kitu [perfect], 來ぬ [error-unrecognized-form, perfect], きぬ [error-unrecognized-form, perfect], kinu [perfect], 來たり [continuative, error-unrecognized-form, perfect], きたり [continuative, error-unrecognized-form, perfect], kitari [continuative, perfect], 來む [error-unrecognized-form, volitional], こむ [error-unrecognized-form, volitional], komu [volitional]
  1. to come (towards the speaker), approach
    Sense id: en-來-ojp-verb-z-NpoUaJ Categories (other): Old Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Disambiguation of Old Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 70 8 22
  2. to go (to a direction or place far from the speaker but near the listener)
    Sense id: en-來-ojp-verb-qbQocAWW
  3. (suffixed to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of a verb) to gradually begin to [verb]
    Sense id: en-來-ojp-verb-w8XwzU6W
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: 來る (ki1taru), 來鳴く (ki1naku)
Etymology number: 1

Verb

Forms: ke₁ [romanization], け [hiragana]
Etymology: Eastern Old Japanese form of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 來 (ku) above. Etymology templates: {{cog|ojp|-}} Old Japanese, {{m|ja|連用形||stem or continuative form|tr=ren'yōkei}} 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”), {{m|ojp||來|tr=ku}} 來 (ku) Head templates: {{head|ojp|verb form|kana|け|sort=け|tr=ke₁}} 來 (ke₁) (kana け)
  1. stem or continuative conjugation of 來 (ku, “to come”) (regional, Southern Eastern Old Japanese)
    Sense id: en-來-ojp-verb-euoJtVJz Categories (other): Forms linking to themselves, Old Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Regional Old Japanese, Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Old Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 23 2 7 69 Disambiguation of Old Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 21 2 6 71
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Download JSON data for 來 meaning in Old Japanese (8.0kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "ki1taru",
      "word": "來る"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "ki1naku",
      "word": "來鳴く"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "来る",
            "tr": "kuru"
          },
          "expansion": "Japanese: 来る (kuru)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Japanese: 来る (kuru)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ku",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "く",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-conj-bungo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "來",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "來",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "き",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "來",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "く",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "來る",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "來れ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "來",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "來よ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "來ず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kozu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "來れど",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くれど",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuredo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "來れば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "來ば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "來し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kosi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kisi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "來けり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きけり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikeri",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "來つ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きつ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kitu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "來ぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "來たり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きたり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kitari",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "來む",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こむ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "komu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ojp",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "kana",
        "4": "く",
        "sort": "く",
        "tr": "ku"
      },
      "expansion": "來 (ku) (kana く)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "irreg-k",
        "sik": "來"
      },
      "name": "ja-conj-bungo"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ojp",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "70 8 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to come (towards the speaker), approach"
      ],
      "id": "en-來-ojp-verb-z-NpoUaJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "come",
          "come"
        ],
        [
          "toward",
          "toward#English"
        ],
        [
          "speaker",
          "speaker#English"
        ],
        [
          "approach",
          "approach"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to go (to a direction or place far from the speaker but near the listener)"
      ],
      "id": "en-來-ojp-verb-qbQocAWW",
      "links": [
        [
          "go",
          "go"
        ],
        [
          "direction",
          "direction#English"
        ],
        [
          "place",
          "place#English"
        ],
        [
          "listener",
          "listener#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "(suffixed to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of a verb) to gradually begin to [verb]",
        "to gradually begin to"
      ],
      "id": "en-來-ojp-verb-w8XwzU6W",
      "links": [
        [
          "suffix",
          "suffix"
        ],
        [
          "連用形",
          "連用形#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "gradually",
          "gradually"
        ],
        [
          "begin",
          "begin"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(suffixed to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of a verb) to gradually begin to [verb]"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "來"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ojp",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "連用形",
        "3": "",
        "4": "stem or continuative form",
        "tr": "ren'yōkei"
      },
      "expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ojp",
        "2": "",
        "3": "來",
        "tr": "ku"
      },
      "expansion": "來 (ku)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Eastern Old Japanese form of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 來 (ku) above.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ke₁",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "け",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ojp",
        "2": "verb form",
        "3": "kana",
        "4": "け",
        "sort": "け",
        "tr": "ke₁"
      },
      "expansion": "來 (ke₁) (kana け)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ojp",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Forms linking to themselves",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Regional Old Japanese",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 2 7 69",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 2 6 71",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "stem or continuative conjugation of 來 (ku, “to come”) (regional, Southern Eastern Old Japanese)"
      ],
      "id": "en-來-ojp-verb-euoJtVJz",
      "links": [
        [
          "來",
          "來#Old Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "regional",
          "regional#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "來"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Japanese lemmas",
    "Old Japanese non-lemma forms",
    "Old Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Old Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Old Japanese verb forms",
    "Old Japanese verbs"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "ki1taru",
      "word": "來る"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ki1naku",
      "word": "來鳴く"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "来る",
            "tr": "kuru"
          },
          "expansion": "Japanese: 来る (kuru)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Japanese: 来る (kuru)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ku",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "く",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-conj-bungo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "來",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "來",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "き",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "來",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "く",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "來る",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "來れ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "來",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "來よ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "來ず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kozu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "來れど",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くれど",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuredo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "來れば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "來ば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "來し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kosi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kisi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "來けり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きけり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikeri",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "來つ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きつ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kitu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "來ぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "來たり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きたり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kitari",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "來む",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こむ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "komu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ojp",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "kana",
        "4": "く",
        "sort": "く",
        "tr": "ku"
      },
      "expansion": "來 (ku) (kana く)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "irreg-k",
        "sik": "來"
      },
      "name": "ja-conj-bungo"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ojp",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to come (towards the speaker), approach"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "come",
          "come"
        ],
        [
          "toward",
          "toward#English"
        ],
        [
          "speaker",
          "speaker#English"
        ],
        [
          "approach",
          "approach"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to go (to a direction or place far from the speaker but near the listener)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "go",
          "go"
        ],
        [
          "direction",
          "direction#English"
        ],
        [
          "place",
          "place#English"
        ],
        [
          "listener",
          "listener#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "(suffixed to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of a verb) to gradually begin to [verb]",
        "to gradually begin to"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "suffix",
          "suffix"
        ],
        [
          "連用形",
          "連用形#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "gradually",
          "gradually"
        ],
        [
          "begin",
          "begin"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(suffixed to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of a verb) to gradually begin to [verb]"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "來"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Japanese non-lemma forms",
    "Old Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Old Japanese verb forms"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ojp",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "連用形",
        "3": "",
        "4": "stem or continuative form",
        "tr": "ren'yōkei"
      },
      "expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ojp",
        "2": "",
        "3": "來",
        "tr": "ku"
      },
      "expansion": "來 (ku)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Eastern Old Japanese form of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 來 (ku) above.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ke₁",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "け",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ojp",
        "2": "verb form",
        "3": "kana",
        "4": "け",
        "sort": "け",
        "tr": "ke₁"
      },
      "expansion": "來 (ke₁) (kana け)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ojp",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Forms linking to themselves",
        "Old Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "Regional Old Japanese"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "stem or continuative conjugation of 來 (ku, “to come”) (regional, Southern Eastern Old Japanese)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "來",
          "來#Old Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "regional",
          "regional#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "來"
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: suffixed to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of a verb",
  "path": [
    "來"
  ],
  "section": "Old Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "來",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2530",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old Japanese]; cleaned text: ^([1])Attributive form, as the terminal form (lemma) does not exist for this construction in this conjugation., style: text-align:left;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
  "path": [
    "來"
  ],
  "section": "Old Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "來",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 來/Old Japanese 'Key constructions' base_tags={'stem'}",
  "path": [
    "來"
  ],
  "section": "Old Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "來",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e268c0e and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.