See かふ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*kapu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kapu",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Japonic *kapu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kapu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "かは",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kafu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "かふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かへ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かへ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かはず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kafazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かへど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kafedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かへば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kafeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かはば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kafaba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かひき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kafiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かひけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kafikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かひつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kafitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かひぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kafinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かへり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かひたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kaferi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kafitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かはむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kafamu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "verb",
"tr": "kapu"
},
"expansion": "かふ (kapu)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "か",
"2": "4-p"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Japanese",
"lang_code": "ojp",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 31 31 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 31 31 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"飼ふ: to raise, rear, keep (livestock)"
],
"id": "en-かふ-ojp-verb-xBA6nMdc",
"links": [
[
"飼ふ",
"飼ふ#Old_Japanese"
],
[
"raise",
"raise"
],
[
"rear",
"rear"
],
[
"keep",
"keep"
],
[
"livestock",
"livestock#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 31 31 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 31 31 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"買ふ: to buy, exchange"
],
"id": "en-かふ-ojp-verb-IG~Pz-RP",
"links": [
[
"買ふ",
"買ふ#Old_Japanese"
],
[
"buy",
"buy"
],
[
"exchange",
"exchange"
]
]
}
],
"word": "かふ"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "kaeru",
"word": "変える"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*kapaCi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kapaCi",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Japonic *kapaCi, cognate with Etymology 1 senses above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kapu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "かへ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かへ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kafu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "かふる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafuru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かふれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かへよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafeyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かへず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kafezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かふれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kafuredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かふれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kafureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かへば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kafeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かへき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kafeki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かへけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kafekeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かへつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kafetu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かへぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kafenu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かへたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kafetari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かへむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kafemu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "verb",
"tr": "kapu"
},
"expansion": "かふ (kapu)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "か",
"2": "2d-p"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Japanese",
"lang_code": "ojp",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 30 30 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 31 31 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 31 31 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"換ふ, 易ふ: to replace; to exchange, interchange"
],
"id": "en-かふ-ojp-verb-HOBl1Q1o",
"links": [
[
"換ふ",
"換ふ#Old_Japanese"
],
[
"易ふ",
"易ふ#Old_Japanese"
],
[
"replace",
"replace"
],
[
"exchange",
"exchange"
],
[
"interchange",
"interchange"
]
]
}
],
"word": "かふ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Japanese lemmas",
"Old Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Old Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Old Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*kapu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kapu",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Japonic *kapu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kapu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "かは",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kafu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "かふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かへ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かへ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かはず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kafazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かへど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kafedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かへば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kafeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かはば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kafaba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かひき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kafiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かひけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kafikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かひつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kafitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かひぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kafinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かへり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かひたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kaferi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kafitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かはむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kafamu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "verb",
"tr": "kapu"
},
"expansion": "かふ (kapu)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "か",
"2": "4-p"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Japanese",
"lang_code": "ojp",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"飼ふ: to raise, rear, keep (livestock)"
],
"links": [
[
"飼ふ",
"飼ふ#Old_Japanese"
],
[
"raise",
"raise"
],
[
"rear",
"rear"
],
[
"keep",
"keep"
],
[
"livestock",
"livestock#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"買ふ: to buy, exchange"
],
"links": [
[
"買ふ",
"買ふ#Old_Japanese"
],
[
"buy",
"buy"
],
[
"exchange",
"exchange"
]
]
}
],
"word": "かふ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Japanese lemmas",
"Old Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Old Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Old Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "kaeru",
"word": "変える"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*kapaCi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kapaCi",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Japonic *kapaCi, cognate with Etymology 1 senses above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kapu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "かへ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かへ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kafu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "かふる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafuru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かふれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かへよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafeyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かへず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kafezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かふれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kafuredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かふれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kafureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かへば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kafeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かへき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kafeki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かへけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kafekeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かへつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kafetu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かへぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kafenu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かへたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kafetari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かへむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kafemu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "verb",
"tr": "kapu"
},
"expansion": "かふ (kapu)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "か",
"2": "2d-p"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Japanese",
"lang_code": "ojp",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"換ふ, 易ふ: to replace; to exchange, interchange"
],
"links": [
[
"換ふ",
"換ふ#Old_Japanese"
],
[
"易ふ",
"易ふ#Old_Japanese"
],
[
"replace",
"replace"
],
[
"exchange",
"exchange"
],
[
"interchange",
"interchange"
]
]
}
],
"word": "かふ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for かふ meaning in Old Japanese (8.4kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: かふ/Old Japanese 'Key constructions' base_tags={'stem'}",
"path": [
"かふ"
],
"section": "Old Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "かふ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: かふ/Old Japanese 'Key constructions' base_tags={'stem'}",
"path": [
"かふ"
],
"section": "Old Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "かふ",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (ddb1505 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.