See tosach in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "tosach"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "toshiaght"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "toiseach"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wedʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*towissākos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *towissākos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wedʰ-",
"t": "lead"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wedʰ- (“lead”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *towissākos, from either Proto-Indo-European *wedʰ- (“lead”) or *weyd- (“know, see”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tosaig",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tosge",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-o-neut\n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tosge",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tosge",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tosge",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tosaig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tosuch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toschib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "toschib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "thosach",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tossach",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "nominative plural",
"14": "tosge",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "tosaig",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"altform": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "tosach n (genitive tosaig, nominative plural tosge)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "tosaig",
"3": "tosge"
},
"expansion": "tosach n (genitive tosaig, nominative plural tosge)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tosaig",
"dat_pl": "toschib",
"dat_sg": "tosuch",
"nom_pl2": "tosge"
},
"name": "sga-decl-o-neut"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "tosach+N",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "tosach+L",
"acc_pl2": "tosge",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "tosach+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "o-n",
"dat_du": "toschib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "toschib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "tosuch+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "tosach",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "tosach+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "tosaig+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "tosach+N",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "tosach+L",
"nom_pl2": "tosge",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "tosach+N",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "tosach+N",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "tosach+L",
"voc_pl2": "tosge",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "tosach+N",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ar thosuch"
},
{
"word": "i tosuch"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beginning"
],
"id": "en-tosach-sga-noun-QJU5HH4-",
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt̪o.səx/"
},
{
"note": "Blasse",
"other": "[ˈt̪o.sax]"
},
{
"note": "Griffith",
"other": "[ˈt̪o.səx]"
}
],
"word": "tosach"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "ar thosuch"
},
{
"word": "i tosuch"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "tosach"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "toshiaght"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "toiseach"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wedʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*towissākos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *towissākos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wedʰ-",
"t": "lead"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wedʰ- (“lead”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *towissākos, from either Proto-Indo-European *wedʰ- (“lead”) or *weyd- (“know, see”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tosaig",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tosge",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-o-neut\n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tosge",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tosge",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tosge",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tosaig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tosuch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toschib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "toschib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "thosach",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tossach",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "nominative plural",
"14": "tosge",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "tosaig",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"altform": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "tosach n (genitive tosaig, nominative plural tosge)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "tosaig",
"3": "tosge"
},
"expansion": "tosach n (genitive tosaig, nominative plural tosge)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tosaig",
"dat_pl": "toschib",
"dat_sg": "tosuch",
"nom_pl2": "tosge"
},
"name": "sga-decl-o-neut"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "tosach+N",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "tosach+L",
"acc_pl2": "tosge",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "tosach+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "o-n",
"dat_du": "toschib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "toschib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "tosuch+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "tosach",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "tosach+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "tosaig+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "tosach+N",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "tosach+L",
"nom_pl2": "tosge",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "tosach+N",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "tosach+N",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "tosach+L",
"voc_pl2": "tosge",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "tosach+N",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish neuter nouns",
"Old Irish neuter o-stem nouns",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wedʰ-",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"beginning"
],
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt̪o.səx/"
},
{
"note": "Blasse",
"other": "[ˈt̪o.sax]"
},
{
"note": "Griffith",
"other": "[ˈt̪o.səx]"
}
],
"word": "tosach"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tosach meaning in Old Irish (5.0kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: tosach/Old Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"tosach"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "tosach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
"path": [
"tosach"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "tosach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
"path": [
"tosach"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "tosach",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.