"indéin" meaning in Old Irish

See indéin in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [ˈin͈ʲdʲeːnʲ], [ˈin͈ʲdʲeːu̯nʲ] Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], indéin [mutation, mutation-radical], n-indéin [mutation]
Etymology: Stokes reconstructs Proto-Celtic *andebnis, from *ande- + the root of benaid (“to strike”). However, modern scholarship holds that benaid comes from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to strike, hit”) and that the n is part of the present suffix, not part of the root. On the other hand, Stokes’ etymology of benaid lists Sanskrit हन्ति (hanti, “to strike, smite”) and Ancient Greek θείνω (theínō, “to strike, wound”) as cognates, meaning he associated it with Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to strike, kill”) (the source of gonaid (“to wound”)). It is thus possible to reconstruct Proto-Celtic *andegʷnis as the source of this as well as the Brythonic cognates (Old Welsh ennian, Welsh einion; Old Cornish ennian, Cornish anwan; Middle Breton anneffn, Breton annev). The form *andegʷnis is expected to give *indéoin, and that does appear as expected in Middle Irish inneóin and Modern Irish inneoin, suggesting that the spelling indéin (which occurs only once) may be a scribal error. Alternatively, Pedersen reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *n̥dʰi-ponis (giving Proto-Celtic *andeɸonis in our notation), which would be cognate with Lithuanian pìnti (“to plait”), Old Church Slavonic пѧти (pęti, “to tie, fix”), Ancient Greek πένομαι (pénomai, “to toil, labor”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to twist, weave”). However, this connection is semantically less plausible than the connection with verbs meaning “strike, hit”. Etymology templates: {{root|sga|ine-pro|*gʷʰen-}}, {{inh|sga|cel-pro||*andebnis}} Proto-Celtic *andebnis, {{der|sga|ine-pro|*bʰeyh₂-|t=to strike, hit}} Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to strike, hit”), {{cog|sa|हन्ति|t=to strike, smite}} Sanskrit हन्ति (hanti, “to strike, smite”), {{cog|grc|θείνω|t=to strike, wound}} Ancient Greek θείνω (theínō, “to strike, wound”), {{m+|ine-pro|*gʷʰen-|t=to strike, kill}} Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to strike, kill”), {{m+|cel-pro|*andegʷnis}} Proto-Celtic *andegʷnis, {{cog|owl|ennian}} Old Welsh ennian, {{cog|cy|einion}} Welsh einion, {{cog|oco|ennian}} Old Cornish ennian, {{cog|kw|anwan}} Cornish anwan, {{cog|xbm|anneffn}} Middle Breton anneffn, {{cog|br|annev}} Breton annev, {{cog|mga|inneóin}} Middle Irish inneóin, {{cog|ga|inneoin}} Irish inneoin, {{m+|ine-pro|*n̥dʰi-ponis}} Proto-Indo-European *n̥dʰi-ponis, {{m+|cel-pro||*andeɸonis}} Proto-Celtic *andeɸonis, {{cog|lt|pìnti|t=to plait}} Lithuanian pìnti (“to plait”), {{cog|cu|пѧти|t=to tie, fix}} Old Church Slavonic пѧти (pęti, “to tie, fix”), {{cog|grc|πένομαι|t=to toil, labor}} Ancient Greek πένομαι (pénomai, “to toil, labor”), {{m+|ine-pro|*(s)penh₁-|t=to twist, weave}} Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to twist, weave”), {{m-g|strike, hit}} “strike, hit” Head templates: {{head|sga|noun||||{{{2}}}||||||||{{{3}}}||{{{pl2}}}||{{{pl3}}}|cat2=|g=f|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} indéin f, {{sga-noun|f}} indéin f Inflection templates: {{sga-mutation|i|ndéin}}
  1. anvil Tags: feminine Categories (topical): Metallurgy, Tools
    Sense id: en-indéin-sga-noun-ULxm2Krl Categories (other): Old Irish entries with incorrect language header

Download JSON data for indéin meaning in Old Irish (6.3kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mga",
            "2": "indeóin",
            "3": "inneóin"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Irish: indeóin, inneóin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Irish: indeóin, inneóin"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "inneoin"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: inneoin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: inneoin"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gv",
            "2": "ingan"
          },
          "expansion": "Manx: ingan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Manx: ingan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gd",
            "2": "innean"
          },
          "expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: innean",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scottish Gaelic: innean"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʷʰen-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*andebnis"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *andebnis",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰeyh₂-",
        "t": "to strike, hit"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to strike, hit”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "हन्ति",
        "t": "to strike, smite"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit हन्ति (hanti, “to strike, smite”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "θείνω",
        "t": "to strike, wound"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek θείνω (theínō, “to strike, wound”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*gʷʰen-",
        "t": "to strike, kill"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to strike, kill”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*andegʷnis"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *andegʷnis",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "owl",
        "2": "ennian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Welsh ennian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "einion"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh einion",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oco",
        "2": "ennian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Cornish ennian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kw",
        "2": "anwan"
      },
      "expansion": "Cornish anwan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xbm",
        "2": "anneffn"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Breton anneffn",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "br",
        "2": "annev"
      },
      "expansion": "Breton annev",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mga",
        "2": "inneóin"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Irish inneóin",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "inneoin"
      },
      "expansion": "Irish inneoin",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*n̥dʰi-ponis"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥dʰi-ponis",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*andeɸonis"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *andeɸonis",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "pìnti",
        "t": "to plait"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian pìnti (“to plait”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cu",
        "2": "пѧти",
        "t": "to tie, fix"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic пѧти (pęti, “to tie, fix”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "πένομαι",
        "t": "to toil, labor"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek πένομαι (pénomai, “to toil, labor”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*(s)penh₁-",
        "t": "to twist, weave"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to twist, weave”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "strike, hit"
      },
      "expansion": "“strike, hit”",
      "name": "m-g"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Stokes reconstructs Proto-Celtic *andebnis, from *ande- + the root of benaid (“to strike”). However, modern scholarship holds that benaid comes from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to strike, hit”) and that the n is part of the present suffix, not part of the root. On the other hand, Stokes’ etymology of benaid lists Sanskrit हन्ति (hanti, “to strike, smite”) and Ancient Greek θείνω (theínō, “to strike, wound”) as cognates, meaning he associated it with Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to strike, kill”) (the source of gonaid (“to wound”)). It is thus possible to reconstruct Proto-Celtic *andegʷnis as the source of this as well as the Brythonic cognates (Old Welsh ennian, Welsh einion; Old Cornish ennian, Cornish anwan; Middle Breton anneffn, Breton annev).\nThe form *andegʷnis is expected to give *indéoin, and that does appear as expected in Middle Irish inneóin and Modern Irish inneoin, suggesting that the spelling indéin (which occurs only once) may be a scribal error.\nAlternatively, Pedersen reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *n̥dʰi-ponis (giving Proto-Celtic *andeɸonis in our notation), which would be cognate with Lithuanian pìnti (“to plait”), Old Church Slavonic пѧти (pęti, “to tie, fix”), Ancient Greek πένομαι (pénomai, “to toil, labor”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to twist, weave”). However, this connection is semantically less plausible than the connection with verbs meaning “strike, hit”.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "indéin",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "n-indéin",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{3}}}",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "indéin f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "indéin f",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "i",
        "2": "ndéin"
      },
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "sga",
          "name": "Metallurgy",
          "orig": "sga:Metallurgy",
          "parents": [
            "Metals",
            "Technology",
            "Matter",
            "All topics",
            "Chemistry",
            "Nature",
            "Fundamental",
            "Sciences"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "sga",
          "name": "Tools",
          "orig": "sga:Tools",
          "parents": [
            "Technology",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "indéin glosses incus"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "anvil"
      ],
      "id": "en-indéin-sga-noun-ULxm2Krl",
      "links": [
        [
          "anvil",
          "anvil"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈin͈ʲdʲeːnʲ]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈin͈ʲdʲeːu̯nʲ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "indéin"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mga",
            "2": "indeóin",
            "3": "inneóin"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Irish: indeóin, inneóin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Irish: indeóin, inneóin"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "inneoin"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: inneoin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: inneoin"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gv",
            "2": "ingan"
          },
          "expansion": "Manx: ingan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Manx: ingan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gd",
            "2": "innean"
          },
          "expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: innean",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scottish Gaelic: innean"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʷʰen-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*andebnis"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *andebnis",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰeyh₂-",
        "t": "to strike, hit"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to strike, hit”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "हन्ति",
        "t": "to strike, smite"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit हन्ति (hanti, “to strike, smite”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "θείνω",
        "t": "to strike, wound"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek θείνω (theínō, “to strike, wound”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*gʷʰen-",
        "t": "to strike, kill"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to strike, kill”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*andegʷnis"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *andegʷnis",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "owl",
        "2": "ennian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Welsh ennian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "einion"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh einion",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oco",
        "2": "ennian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Cornish ennian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kw",
        "2": "anwan"
      },
      "expansion": "Cornish anwan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xbm",
        "2": "anneffn"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Breton anneffn",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "br",
        "2": "annev"
      },
      "expansion": "Breton annev",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mga",
        "2": "inneóin"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Irish inneóin",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "inneoin"
      },
      "expansion": "Irish inneoin",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*n̥dʰi-ponis"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥dʰi-ponis",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*andeɸonis"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *andeɸonis",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "pìnti",
        "t": "to plait"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian pìnti (“to plait”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cu",
        "2": "пѧти",
        "t": "to tie, fix"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic пѧти (pęti, “to tie, fix”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "πένομαι",
        "t": "to toil, labor"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek πένομαι (pénomai, “to toil, labor”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*(s)penh₁-",
        "t": "to twist, weave"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to twist, weave”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "strike, hit"
      },
      "expansion": "“strike, hit”",
      "name": "m-g"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Stokes reconstructs Proto-Celtic *andebnis, from *ande- + the root of benaid (“to strike”). However, modern scholarship holds that benaid comes from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to strike, hit”) and that the n is part of the present suffix, not part of the root. On the other hand, Stokes’ etymology of benaid lists Sanskrit हन्ति (hanti, “to strike, smite”) and Ancient Greek θείνω (theínō, “to strike, wound”) as cognates, meaning he associated it with Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to strike, kill”) (the source of gonaid (“to wound”)). It is thus possible to reconstruct Proto-Celtic *andegʷnis as the source of this as well as the Brythonic cognates (Old Welsh ennian, Welsh einion; Old Cornish ennian, Cornish anwan; Middle Breton anneffn, Breton annev).\nThe form *andegʷnis is expected to give *indéoin, and that does appear as expected in Middle Irish inneóin and Modern Irish inneoin, suggesting that the spelling indéin (which occurs only once) may be a scribal error.\nAlternatively, Pedersen reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *n̥dʰi-ponis (giving Proto-Celtic *andeɸonis in our notation), which would be cognate with Lithuanian pìnti (“to plait”), Old Church Slavonic пѧти (pęti, “to tie, fix”), Ancient Greek πένομαι (pénomai, “to toil, labor”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to twist, weave”). However, this connection is semantically less plausible than the connection with verbs meaning “strike, hit”.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "indéin",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "n-indéin",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{3}}}",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "indéin f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "indéin f",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "i",
        "2": "ndéin"
      },
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old Irish feminine nouns",
        "Old Irish lemmas",
        "Old Irish nouns",
        "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
        "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷʰen-",
        "Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
        "Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "sga:Metallurgy",
        "sga:Tools"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "indéin glosses incus"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "anvil"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "anvil",
          "anvil"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈin͈ʲdʲeːnʲ]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈin͈ʲdʲeːu̯nʲ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "indéin"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (46b31b8 and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.