"focul" meaning in Old Irish

See focul in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈfokul/
Etymology: Once thought to be a loanword from Latin vocābulum (“appellation, designation”), but more likely a native word from Proto-Celtic *woxtlom (compare Welsh gwaethl (“argument”)), from Proto-Indo-European *wokʷtlom (compare Sanskrit वक्त्र (vaktrá, “mouth”)), from *wekʷ- (“to speak”). The older theory was defended in the print edition of Matasović’s dictionary, but the online Addenda et Corrigenda reflect the newer theory. Etymology templates: {{root|sga|ine-pro|*wekʷ-}}, {{cog|la|vocābulum||appellation, designation}} Latin vocābulum (“appellation, designation”), {{inh|sga|cel-pro|*woxtlom}} Proto-Celtic *woxtlom, {{cog|cy|gwaethl||argument}} Welsh gwaethl (“argument”), {{inh|sga|ine-pro|*wokʷtlom}} Proto-Indo-European *wokʷtlom, {{cog|sa|वक्त्र||mouth|tr=vaktrá}} Sanskrit वक्त्र (vaktrá, “mouth”) Head templates: {{head|sga|noun||||{{{2}}}||||||||{{{3}}}||{{{pl2}}}||{{{pl3}}}|cat2=|g=n|g2=m|g3=|head=|sort=}} focul n or m, {{sga-noun|n|g2=m}} focul n or m Inflection templates: {{sga-decl-o-neut|focuil}}, {{sga-decl-noun|acc_du=focul+N|acc_du2=|acc_du3=|acc_pl=focul+L|acc_pl2=focula|acc_pl3=|acc_sg=focul+N|acc_sg2=|acc_sg3=|class=o-n|dat_du=foculaib|dat_du2=|dat_du3=|dat_pl=foculaib|dat_pl2=|dat_pl3=|dat_sg=focul+L|dat_sg2=|dat_sg3=|gen_du=focul|gen_du2=|gen_du3=|gen_pl=focul+N|gen_pl2=|gen_pl3=|gen_sg=focuil+L|gen_sg2=|gen_sg3=|n=|nom_du=focul+N|nom_du2=|nom_du3=|nom_pl=focul+L|nom_pl2=focula|nom_pl3=|nom_sg=focul+N|nom_sg2=|nom_sg3=|voc_du=focul+N|voc_du2=|voc_du3=|voc_pl=focul+L|voc_pl2=focula|voc_pl3=|voc_sg=focul+N|voc_sg2=|voc_sg3=}}, {{sga-mutation|f|ocul}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], focul [nominative, singular], focul [dual, nominative], focul [nominative, plural], focula [nominative, plural], focul [singular, vocative], focul [dual, vocative], focul [plural, vocative], focula [plural, vocative], focul [accusative, singular], focul [accusative, dual], focul [accusative, plural], focula [accusative, plural], focuil [genitive, singular], focul [dual, genitive], focul [genitive, plural], focul [dative, singular], foculaib [dative, dual], foculaib [dative, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], focul [mutation, mutation-radical], ḟocul [mutation, mutation-nasal], focul [mutation]
  1. word Wikipedia link: Brill Publishers Tags: masculine, neuter Synonyms: foccul
    Sense id: en-focul-sga-noun-mMHrTuk0 Categories (other): Old Irish entries with incorrect language header, Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations

Download JSON data for focul meaning in Old Irish (5.8kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "focal"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: focal",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: focal"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gv",
            "2": "fockle"
          },
          "expansion": "Manx: fockle",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Manx: fockle"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gd",
            "2": "facal"
          },
          "expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: facal",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scottish Gaelic: facal"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wekʷ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "vocābulum",
        "3": "",
        "4": "appellation, designation"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vocābulum (“appellation, designation”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*woxtlom"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *woxtlom",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "gwaethl",
        "3": "",
        "4": "argument"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh gwaethl (“argument”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wokʷtlom"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wokʷtlom",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "वक्त्र",
        "3": "",
        "4": "mouth",
        "tr": "vaktrá"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit वक्त्र (vaktrá, “mouth”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Once thought to be a loanword from Latin vocābulum (“appellation, designation”), but more likely a native word from Proto-Celtic *woxtlom (compare Welsh gwaethl (“argument”)), from Proto-Indo-European *wokʷtlom (compare Sanskrit वक्त्र (vaktrá, “mouth”)), from *wekʷ- (“to speak”). The older theory was defended in the print edition of Matasović’s dictionary, but the online Addenda et Corrigenda reflect the newer theory.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-o-neut",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Neuter o-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focul",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focul",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focul",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focula",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focul",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focul",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focul",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focula",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focul",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focul",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focul",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focula",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focuil",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focul",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focul",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focul",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foculaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foculaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focul",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḟocul",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-nasal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focul",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{3}}}",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "n",
        "g2": "m",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "focul n or m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n",
        "g2": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "focul n or m",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "focuil"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-o-neut"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "focul+N",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "focul+L",
        "acc_pl2": "focula",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "focul+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "o-n",
        "dat_du": "foculaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "foculaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "focul+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "focul",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "focul+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_sg": "focuil+L",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "focul+N",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "focul+L",
        "nom_pl2": "focula",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "focul+N",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "focul+N",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "focul+L",
        "voc_pl2": "focula",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "focul+N",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "ocul"
      },
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "word"
      ],
      "id": "en-focul-sga-noun-mMHrTuk0",
      "links": [
        [
          "word",
          "word"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "foccul"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfokul/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "focul"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "focal"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: focal",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: focal"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gv",
            "2": "fockle"
          },
          "expansion": "Manx: fockle",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Manx: fockle"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gd",
            "2": "facal"
          },
          "expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: facal",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scottish Gaelic: facal"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wekʷ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "vocābulum",
        "3": "",
        "4": "appellation, designation"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vocābulum (“appellation, designation”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*woxtlom"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *woxtlom",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "gwaethl",
        "3": "",
        "4": "argument"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh gwaethl (“argument”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wokʷtlom"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wokʷtlom",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "वक्त्र",
        "3": "",
        "4": "mouth",
        "tr": "vaktrá"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit वक्त्र (vaktrá, “mouth”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Once thought to be a loanword from Latin vocābulum (“appellation, designation”), but more likely a native word from Proto-Celtic *woxtlom (compare Welsh gwaethl (“argument”)), from Proto-Indo-European *wokʷtlom (compare Sanskrit वक्त्र (vaktrá, “mouth”)), from *wekʷ- (“to speak”). The older theory was defended in the print edition of Matasović’s dictionary, but the online Addenda et Corrigenda reflect the newer theory.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-o-neut",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Neuter o-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focul",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focul",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focul",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focula",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focul",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focul",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focul",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focula",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focul",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focul",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focul",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focula",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focuil",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focul",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focul",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focul",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foculaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foculaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focul",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḟocul",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-nasal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "focul",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{3}}}",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "n",
        "g2": "m",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "focul n or m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n",
        "g2": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "focul n or m",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "focuil"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-o-neut"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "focul+N",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "focul+L",
        "acc_pl2": "focula",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "focul+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "o-n",
        "dat_du": "foculaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "foculaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "focul+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "focul",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "focul+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_sg": "focuil+L",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "focul+N",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "focul+L",
        "nom_pl2": "focula",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "focul+N",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "focul+N",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "focul+L",
        "voc_pl2": "focula",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "focul+N",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "ocul"
      },
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old Irish lemmas",
        "Old Irish masculine nouns",
        "Old Irish neuter nouns",
        "Old Irish neuter o-stem nouns",
        "Old Irish nouns",
        "Old Irish nouns with multiple genders",
        "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
        "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wekʷ-",
        "Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
        "Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "word"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "word",
          "word"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfokul/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "foccul"
    }
  ],
  "word": "focul"
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old Irish]; cleaned text: Initial mutations of a following adjective: *ᴴ = triggers aspiration *ᴸ = triggers lenition *ᴺ = triggers nasalization",
  "path": [
    "focul"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "focul",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (bb24e0f and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.