See focul in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "focal"
},
"expansion": "Irish: focal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: focal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "fockle"
},
"expansion": "Manx: fockle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: fockle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "facal"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: facal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: facal"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wekʷ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vocābulum",
"3": "",
"4": "appellation, designation"
},
"expansion": "Latin vocābulum (“appellation, designation”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*woxtlom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *woxtlom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gwaethl",
"3": "",
"4": "argument"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gwaethl (“argument”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wokʷtlom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wokʷtlom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वक्त्र",
"3": "",
"4": "mouth",
"tr": "vaktrá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit वक्त्र (vaktrá, “mouth”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Once thought to be a loanword from Latin vocābulum (“appellation, designation”), but more likely a native word from Proto-Celtic *woxtlom (compare Welsh gwaethl (“argument”)), from Proto-Indo-European *wokʷtlom (compare Sanskrit वक्त्र (vaktrá, “mouth”)), from *wekʷ- (“to speak”). The older theory was defended in the print edition of Matasović’s dictionary, but the online Addenda et Corrigenda reflect the newer theory.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-o-neut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "focul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "focul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "focul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "focula",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "focul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "focul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "focul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "focula",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "focul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "focul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "focul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "focula",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "focuil",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "focul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "focul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "focul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foculaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "foculaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "focul",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ḟocul",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "focul",
"source": "mutation"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "m",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "focul n or m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"g2": "m"
},
"expansion": "focul n or m",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "focuil"
},
"name": "sga-decl-o-neut"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "focul+N",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "focul+L",
"acc_pl2": "focula",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "focul+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "o-n",
"dat_du": "foculaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "foculaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "focul+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "focul",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "focul+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "focuil+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "focul+N",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "focul+L",
"nom_pl2": "focula",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "focul+N",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "focul+N",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "focul+L",
"voc_pl2": "focula",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "focul+N",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"word"
],
"id": "en-focul-sga-noun-mMHrTuk0",
"links": [
[
"word",
"word"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "foccul"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɸokul]"
}
],
"word": "focul"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "focal"
},
"expansion": "Irish: focal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: focal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "fockle"
},
"expansion": "Manx: fockle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: fockle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "facal"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: facal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: facal"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wekʷ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vocābulum",
"3": "",
"4": "appellation, designation"
},
"expansion": "Latin vocābulum (“appellation, designation”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*woxtlom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *woxtlom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gwaethl",
"3": "",
"4": "argument"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gwaethl (“argument”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wokʷtlom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wokʷtlom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वक्त्र",
"3": "",
"4": "mouth",
"tr": "vaktrá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit वक्त्र (vaktrá, “mouth”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Once thought to be a loanword from Latin vocābulum (“appellation, designation”), but more likely a native word from Proto-Celtic *woxtlom (compare Welsh gwaethl (“argument”)), from Proto-Indo-European *wokʷtlom (compare Sanskrit वक्त्र (vaktrá, “mouth”)), from *wekʷ- (“to speak”). The older theory was defended in the print edition of Matasović’s dictionary, but the online Addenda et Corrigenda reflect the newer theory.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-o-neut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "focul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "focul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "focul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "focula",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "focul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "focul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "focul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "focula",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "focul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "focul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "focul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "focula",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "focuil",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "focul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "focul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "focul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foculaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "foculaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "focul",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ḟocul",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "focul",
"source": "mutation"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "m",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "focul n or m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"g2": "m"
},
"expansion": "focul n or m",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "focuil"
},
"name": "sga-decl-o-neut"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "focul+N",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "focul+L",
"acc_pl2": "focula",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "focul+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "o-n",
"dat_du": "foculaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "foculaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "focul+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "focul",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "focul+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "focuil+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "focul+N",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "focul+L",
"nom_pl2": "focula",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "focul+N",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "focul+N",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "focul+L",
"voc_pl2": "focula",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "focul+N",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish masculine nouns",
"Old Irish neuter nouns",
"Old Irish neuter o-stem nouns",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish nouns with multiple genders",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wekʷ-",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"glosses": [
"word"
],
"links": [
[
"word",
"word"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɸokul]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "foccul"
}
],
"word": "focul"
}
Download raw JSONL data for focul meaning in Old Irish (5.7kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: focul/Old Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"focul"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "focul",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
"path": [
"focul"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "focul",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
"path": [
"focul"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "focul",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for focul",
"path": [
"focul"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "focul",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.