See cumal in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cumhal"
},
"expansion": "Irish: cumhal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: cumhal"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kamulā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kamulā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱemh₂-",
"t": "to exert oneself, get tired"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱemh₂- (“to exert oneself, get tired”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "cuma",
"t": "trouble"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish cuma (“trouble”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κάμνω",
"t": "to toil, get tired"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κάμνω (kámnō, “to toil, get tired”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *kamulā, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ḱemh₂- (“to exert oneself, get tired”), and cognate with Middle Irish cuma (“trouble”), Ancient Greek κάμνω (kámnō, “to toil, get tired”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cumaile",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cumala",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-a-fem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Feminine ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "cumal",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cumail",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "cumala",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cumal",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cumail",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cumala",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cumail",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cumail",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "cumala",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cumaile",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cumal",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cumal",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cumail",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cumalaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "cumalaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cumal",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "chumal",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
},
{
"form": "cumal",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "nominative plural",
"14": "cumala",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "cumaile",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "cumal f (genitive cumaile, nominative plural cumala)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "cumaile",
"3": "cumala"
},
"expansion": "cumal f (genitive cumaile, nominative plural cumala)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cumail"
},
"name": "sga-decl-a-fem"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "cumail+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "cumala+H",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "cumail+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "ā-f",
"dat_du": "cumalaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "cumalaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "cumail+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "cumal+L",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "cumal+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "cumaile+H",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "cumail+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "cumala+H",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "cumal+L",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "cumail+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "cumala+H",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "cumal+L",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "umal"
},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sga",
"name": "Women",
"orig": "sga:Women",
"parents": [
"Female",
"Female people",
"Feminism",
"Gender",
"People",
"Ideologies",
"Society",
"Sociology",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Human",
"Politics",
"All topics",
"Social sciences",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"female servant or slave"
],
"id": "en-cumal-sga-noun-Io3Py~u7",
"links": [
[
"female",
"female"
],
[
"servant",
"servant"
],
[
"slave",
"slave"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 7 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a unit of measurement generally worth three milking cows"
],
"id": "en-cumal-sga-noun-VCyOispL",
"links": [
[
"unit",
"unit"
],
[
"measurement",
"measurement"
],
[
"three",
"three"
],
[
"milking",
"milking"
],
[
"cows",
"cows"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkuβ̃al]"
}
],
"word": "cumal"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish feminine nouns",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish ā-stem nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"sga:Women"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cumhal"
},
"expansion": "Irish: cumhal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: cumhal"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kamulā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kamulā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱemh₂-",
"t": "to exert oneself, get tired"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱemh₂- (“to exert oneself, get tired”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "cuma",
"t": "trouble"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish cuma (“trouble”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κάμνω",
"t": "to toil, get tired"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κάμνω (kámnō, “to toil, get tired”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *kamulā, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ḱemh₂- (“to exert oneself, get tired”), and cognate with Middle Irish cuma (“trouble”), Ancient Greek κάμνω (kámnō, “to toil, get tired”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cumaile",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cumala",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-a-fem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Feminine ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "cumal",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cumail",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "cumala",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cumal",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cumail",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cumala",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cumail",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cumail",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "cumala",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cumaile",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cumal",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cumal",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cumail",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cumalaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "cumalaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cumal",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "chumal",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
},
{
"form": "cumal",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "nominative plural",
"14": "cumala",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "cumaile",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "cumal f (genitive cumaile, nominative plural cumala)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "cumaile",
"3": "cumala"
},
"expansion": "cumal f (genitive cumaile, nominative plural cumala)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cumail"
},
"name": "sga-decl-a-fem"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "cumail+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "cumala+H",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "cumail+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "ā-f",
"dat_du": "cumalaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "cumalaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "cumail+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "cumal+L",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "cumal+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "cumaile+H",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "cumail+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "cumala+H",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "cumal+L",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "cumail+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "cumala+H",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "cumal+L",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "umal"
},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"female servant or slave"
],
"links": [
[
"female",
"female"
],
[
"servant",
"servant"
],
[
"slave",
"slave"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a unit of measurement generally worth three milking cows"
],
"links": [
[
"unit",
"unit"
],
[
"measurement",
"measurement"
],
[
"three",
"three"
],
[
"milking",
"milking"
],
[
"cows",
"cows"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkuβ̃al]"
}
],
"word": "cumal"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cumal meaning in Old Irish (5.2kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old Irish]; cleaned text: Initial mutations of a following adjective: *ᴴ = triggers aspiration *ᴸ = triggers lenition *ᴺ = triggers nasalization",
"path": [
"cumal"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cumal",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-09-20 using wiktextract (af5c55c and 66545a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.