"bairgen" meaning in Old Irish

See bairgen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈbarʲ.ɣʲən/
Etymology: Matasović reconstructs a Proto-Celtic *baragenā, and relates the word with Welsh bara (“bread”). However, this is phonologically difficult, since syncope of the -a- in the former second syllable should have depalatalized the resulting -rg- cluster in the middle of the word. Etymology templates: {{inh|sga|cel-pro|*baragenā}} Proto-Celtic *baragenā, {{cog|cy|bara|t=bread}} Welsh bara (“bread”) Head templates: {{head|sga|noun|||genitive|bairgine|||||||nominative plural|bairgena||{{{pl2}}}||{{{pl3}}}|cat2=|g=f|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} bairgen f (genitive bairgine, nominative plural bairgena), {{sga-noun|f|bairgine|bairgena}} bairgen f (genitive bairgine, nominative plural bairgena) Inflection templates: {{sga-decl-a-fem|bairgin}}, {{sga-decl-noun|acc_du=bairgin+L|acc_du2=|acc_du3=|acc_pl=bairgena+H|acc_pl2=|acc_pl3=|acc_sg=bairgin+N|acc_sg2=|acc_sg3=|class=ā-f|dat_du=bairgenaib|dat_du2=|dat_du3=|dat_pl=bairgenaib|dat_pl2=|dat_pl3=|dat_sg=bairgin+L|dat_sg2=|dat_sg3=|gen_du=bairgen+L|gen_du2=|gen_du3=|gen_pl=bairgen+N|gen_pl2=|gen_pl3=|gen_sg=bairgine+H|gen_sg2=|gen_sg3=|n=|nom_du=bairgin+L|nom_du2=|nom_du3=|nom_pl=bairgena+H|nom_pl2=|nom_pl3=|nom_sg=bairgen+L|nom_sg2=|nom_sg3=|voc_du=bairgin+L|voc_du2=|voc_du3=|voc_pl=bairgena+H|voc_pl2=|voc_pl3=|voc_sg=bairgen+L|voc_sg2=|voc_sg3=}}, {{sga-mutation|b|airgen}} Forms: bairgine [genitive], bairgena [nominative, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], bairgen [nominative, singular], bairgin [dual, nominative], bairgena [nominative, plural], bairgen [singular, vocative], bairgin [dual, vocative], bairgena [plural, vocative], bairgin [accusative, singular], bairgin [accusative, dual], bairgena [accusative, plural], bairgine [genitive, singular], bairgen [dual, genitive], bairgen [genitive, plural], bairgin [dative, singular], bairgenaib [dative, dual], bairgenaib [dative, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], bairgen [mutation, mutation-radical], bairgen [mutation, mutation-nasal], mbairgen [mutation]
  1. bread Tags: feminine Categories (topical): Breads
    Sense id: en-bairgen-sga-noun-mFYEwrYC Disambiguation of Breads: 51 49
  2. loaf of bread Tags: feminine Categories (topical): Breads
    Sense id: en-bairgen-sga-noun-svYBt2SN Disambiguation of Breads: 51 49 Categories (other): Old Irish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Old Irish entries with incorrect language header: 10 90

Download JSON data for bairgen meaning in Old Irish (6.0kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "bairín"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: bairín",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: bairín"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*baragenā"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *baragenā",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "bara",
        "t": "bread"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh bara (“bread”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Matasović reconstructs a Proto-Celtic *baragenā, and relates the word with Welsh bara (“bread”). However, this is phonologically difficult, since syncope of the -a- in the former second syllable should have depalatalized the resulting -rg- cluster in the middle of the word.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bairgine",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgena",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-a-fem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ā-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Feminine ā-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgena",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgena",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgena",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgine",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgenaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgenaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgen",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgen",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-nasal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mbairgen",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "nominative plural",
        "14": "bairgena",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "genitive",
        "6": "bairgine",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "bairgen f (genitive bairgine, nominative plural bairgena)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "bairgine",
        "3": "bairgena"
      },
      "expansion": "bairgen f (genitive bairgine, nominative plural bairgena)",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bairgin"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-a-fem"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "bairgin+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "bairgena+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "bairgin+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "ā-f",
        "dat_du": "bairgenaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "bairgenaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "bairgin+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "bairgen+L",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "bairgen+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_sg": "bairgine+H",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "bairgin+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "bairgena+H",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "bairgen+L",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "bairgin+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "bairgena+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "bairgen+L",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "b",
        "2": "airgen"
      },
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "sga",
          "name": "Breads",
          "orig": "sga:Breads",
          "parents": [
            "Foods",
            "Eating",
            "Food and drink",
            "Human behaviour",
            "All topics",
            "Human",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "As leavening agents in bread were forbidden at Passover, likewise it is not proper for the leavening agents of sin to be at Passover, namely of Christ.",
          "text": ".i. amal ar·rograd descad fo bairgin i sollumun agni, síc ni coir descad pectho do buith i sollummun agni.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "Those are the three things [i.e. wine, bread and oil] that are foremost to man, namely bread, etc.",
          "text": ".i. is ed trede insin as toisechem do duiniu .i. bairgen rl.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "A man who makes bread. [It was by] pounding that grains used to be crushed by the ancients before the quern could be invented. (as an explanation for Latin pistor (“miller, baker”))",
          "text": "Fer dénma bairgine. Tuarcain do·fuaircitis inna grán la arsidi resiu ar·ista brao.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "bread"
      ],
      "id": "en-bairgen-sga-noun-mFYEwrYC",
      "links": [
        [
          "bread",
          "bread"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "10 90",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "sga",
          "name": "Breads",
          "orig": "sga:Breads",
          "parents": [
            "Foods",
            "Eating",
            "Food and drink",
            "Human behaviour",
            "All topics",
            "Human",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "loaf of bread"
      ],
      "id": "en-bairgen-sga-noun-svYBt2SN",
      "links": [
        [
          "loaf",
          "loaf"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbarʲ.ɣʲən/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "bairgen"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Irish feminine nouns",
    "Old Irish lemmas",
    "Old Irish nouns",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Old Irish ā-stem nouns",
    "sga:Breads"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "bairín"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: bairín",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: bairín"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*baragenā"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *baragenā",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "bara",
        "t": "bread"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh bara (“bread”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Matasović reconstructs a Proto-Celtic *baragenā, and relates the word with Welsh bara (“bread”). However, this is phonologically difficult, since syncope of the -a- in the former second syllable should have depalatalized the resulting -rg- cluster in the middle of the word.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bairgine",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgena",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-a-fem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ā-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Feminine ā-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgena",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgena",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgena",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgine",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgenaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgenaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgen",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bairgen",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-nasal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mbairgen",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "nominative plural",
        "14": "bairgena",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "genitive",
        "6": "bairgine",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "bairgen f (genitive bairgine, nominative plural bairgena)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "bairgine",
        "3": "bairgena"
      },
      "expansion": "bairgen f (genitive bairgine, nominative plural bairgena)",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bairgin"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-a-fem"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "bairgin+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "bairgena+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "bairgin+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "ā-f",
        "dat_du": "bairgenaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "bairgenaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "bairgin+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "bairgen+L",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "bairgen+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_sg": "bairgine+H",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "bairgin+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "bairgena+H",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "bairgen+L",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "bairgin+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "bairgena+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "bairgen+L",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "b",
        "2": "airgen"
      },
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Irish terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "As leavening agents in bread were forbidden at Passover, likewise it is not proper for the leavening agents of sin to be at Passover, namely of Christ.",
          "text": ".i. amal ar·rograd descad fo bairgin i sollumun agni, síc ni coir descad pectho do buith i sollummun agni.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "Those are the three things [i.e. wine, bread and oil] that are foremost to man, namely bread, etc.",
          "text": ".i. is ed trede insin as toisechem do duiniu .i. bairgen rl.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "A man who makes bread. [It was by] pounding that grains used to be crushed by the ancients before the quern could be invented. (as an explanation for Latin pistor (“miller, baker”))",
          "text": "Fer dénma bairgine. Tuarcain do·fuaircitis inna grán la arsidi resiu ar·ista brao.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "bread"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bread",
          "bread"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "loaf of bread"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "loaf",
          "loaf"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbarʲ.ɣʲən/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "bairgen"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.