See aire in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for aire meaning in Old Irish (7.5kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "airegdae"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "frithaire"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "airib"
},
"expansion": "airib",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "Lóegaire",
"lit": "favorite nobleman"
},
"expansion": "Lóegaire (literally “favorite nobleman”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "Lóegairi"
},
"expansion": "Lóegairi",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "airech"
},
"expansion": "airech",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*aryos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *aryos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Ariomanus",
"3": "Ario-manus"
},
"expansion": "Ario-manus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Ariovistus",
"3": "Ario-vistus"
},
"expansion": "Ario-vistus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*áryas"
},
"expansion": "*áryas",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*h₂éryos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂éryos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दास"
},
"expansion": "दास (dāsa)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*áryas"
},
"expansion": "*áryas",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pró",
"4": "*pr̥h₃-",
"5": "first"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₃- (“first”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पूर्व",
"tr": "pūrvá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पूर्व (pūrvá)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πρῶτος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "pirmas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian pirmas",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pr̥h₃yos"
},
"expansion": "*pr̥h₃yos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ɸrāyos"
},
"expansion": "*ɸrāyos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ro-"
},
"expansion": "ro-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally a io-stem (as shown by the dative plural form airib and the personal name Lóegaire (literally “favorite nobleman”) with vocative and genitive Lóegairi), later reanalyzed as a k-stem due to conflation with the synonymous airech. From Proto-Celtic *aryos (compare Gaulish personal names with Ario-, such as Ario-manus and Ario-vistus), of unknown origin.\n* Historically (since the now-defunct derivation of Adolphe Pictet, 1858) speculated to mean \"freeman\", and furthermore supposed to be related to Indo-Iranian *áryas (via Proto-Indo-European *h₂éryos). This idea was especially popular in the 19th- and early 20th-century context of \"Aryan\" race and language theory, which posited Aryans as \"noble\" \"freemen\" opposed to slave-like दास (dāsa)/Semites. Today, for linguistic reasons, any attempt to find a European cognate for the Indo-Iranian autonym is treated with extreme skepsis. See *áryas for details.\n* According to Meid, it is from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₃- (“first”) (Sanskrit पूर्व (pūrvá), Ancient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos), Lithuanian pirmas). According to Matasović this is less convincing because there are no traces of the laryngeal in the purported Celtic reflexes: *pr̥h₃yos would have given *ɸrāyos. See ro-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "airech",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "airig",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-k&g",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "k-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine k-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "aire",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "airig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "airig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aire",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "airig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "airecha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "airig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "airig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "airecha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "airech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "airech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "airech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "airig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "airechaib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "airib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "airechaib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "airib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "aire",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "n-aire",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "nominative plural",
"14": "airig",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "airech",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "aire m (genitive airech, nominative plural airig)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "airech",
"3": "airig"
},
"expansion": "aire m (genitive airech, nominative plural airig)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "k",
"2": "airig",
"3": "airech",
"dat_pl2": "airib",
"g": "m"
},
"name": "sga-decl-k&g"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "airig+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "airecha",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "airig+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "k-m",
"dat_du": "airechaib",
"dat_du2": "airib",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "airechaib",
"dat_pl2": "airib",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "airig+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "airech",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "airech+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "airech",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "airig+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "airig",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "aire",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "airig+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "airecha",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "aire",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "a",
"2": "ire"
},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"freeman (whether commoner or noble)"
],
"id": "en-aire-sga-noun-~QKnTlfT",
"links": [
[
"freeman",
"freeman"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"noble (as distinct from commoner)"
],
"id": "en-aire-sga-noun-lkJINoDD",
"links": [
[
"noble",
"noble"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈarʲe/"
}
],
"word": "aire"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish k-stem nouns",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish masculine nouns",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Irish terms with unknown etymologies",
"es:Mammals",
"es:Meteorology"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "airegdae"
},
{
"word": "frithaire"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "airib"
},
"expansion": "airib",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "Lóegaire",
"lit": "favorite nobleman"
},
"expansion": "Lóegaire (literally “favorite nobleman”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "Lóegairi"
},
"expansion": "Lóegairi",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "airech"
},
"expansion": "airech",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*aryos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *aryos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Ariomanus",
"3": "Ario-manus"
},
"expansion": "Ario-manus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Ariovistus",
"3": "Ario-vistus"
},
"expansion": "Ario-vistus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*áryas"
},
"expansion": "*áryas",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*h₂éryos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂éryos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दास"
},
"expansion": "दास (dāsa)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*áryas"
},
"expansion": "*áryas",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pró",
"4": "*pr̥h₃-",
"5": "first"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₃- (“first”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पूर्व",
"tr": "pūrvá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पूर्व (pūrvá)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πρῶτος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "pirmas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian pirmas",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pr̥h₃yos"
},
"expansion": "*pr̥h₃yos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ɸrāyos"
},
"expansion": "*ɸrāyos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ro-"
},
"expansion": "ro-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally a io-stem (as shown by the dative plural form airib and the personal name Lóegaire (literally “favorite nobleman”) with vocative and genitive Lóegairi), later reanalyzed as a k-stem due to conflation with the synonymous airech. From Proto-Celtic *aryos (compare Gaulish personal names with Ario-, such as Ario-manus and Ario-vistus), of unknown origin.\n* Historically (since the now-defunct derivation of Adolphe Pictet, 1858) speculated to mean \"freeman\", and furthermore supposed to be related to Indo-Iranian *áryas (via Proto-Indo-European *h₂éryos). This idea was especially popular in the 19th- and early 20th-century context of \"Aryan\" race and language theory, which posited Aryans as \"noble\" \"freemen\" opposed to slave-like दास (dāsa)/Semites. Today, for linguistic reasons, any attempt to find a European cognate for the Indo-Iranian autonym is treated with extreme skepsis. See *áryas for details.\n* According to Meid, it is from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₃- (“first”) (Sanskrit पूर्व (pūrvá), Ancient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos), Lithuanian pirmas). According to Matasović this is less convincing because there are no traces of the laryngeal in the purported Celtic reflexes: *pr̥h₃yos would have given *ɸrāyos. See ro-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "airech",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "airig",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-k&g",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "k-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine k-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "aire",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "airig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "airig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aire",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "airig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "airecha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "airig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "airig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "airecha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "airech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "airech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "airech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "airig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "airechaib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "airib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "airechaib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "airib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "aire",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "n-aire",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "nominative plural",
"14": "airig",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "airech",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "aire m (genitive airech, nominative plural airig)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "airech",
"3": "airig"
},
"expansion": "aire m (genitive airech, nominative plural airig)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "k",
"2": "airig",
"3": "airech",
"dat_pl2": "airib",
"g": "m"
},
"name": "sga-decl-k&g"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "airig+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "airecha",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "airig+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "k-m",
"dat_du": "airechaib",
"dat_du2": "airib",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "airechaib",
"dat_pl2": "airib",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "airig+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "airech",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "airech+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "airech",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "airig+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "airig",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "aire",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "airig+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "airecha",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "aire",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "a",
"2": "ire"
},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"freeman (whether commoner or noble)"
],
"links": [
[
"freeman",
"freeman"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"noble (as distinct from commoner)"
],
"links": [
[
"noble",
"noble"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈarʲe/"
}
],
"word": "aire"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old Irish]; cleaned text: Initial mutations of a following adjective: *ᴴ = triggers aspiration *ᴸ = triggers lenition *ᴺ = triggers nasalization",
"path": [
"aire"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "aire",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (4d5d0bb and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.