See éicen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "éigean",
"3": "éigin"
},
"expansion": "Irish: éigean, éigin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: éigean, éigin"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "egin"
},
"expansion": "Manx: egin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: egin"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "èiginn"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: èiginn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: èiginn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂neḱ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ankenā",
"t": "force, necessity"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ankenā (“force, necessity”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "angen"
},
"expansion": "Welsh angen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂neḱ-",
"t": "to reach, attain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂neḱ- (“to reach, attain”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀνάγκη",
"t": "force, necessity"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀνάγκη (anánkē, “force, necessity”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "անքատ",
"t": "necessitous"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian անքատ (ankʻat, “necessitous”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "eṅk-",
"t": "take control of"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B eṅk- (“take control of”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *ankenā (“force, necessity”), whence also Welsh angen, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂neḱ- (“to reach, attain”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἀνάγκη (anánkē, “force, necessity”), Old Armenian անքատ (ankʻat, “necessitous”), Tocharian B eṅk- (“take control of”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "éicne",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-a-fem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "éicen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "éicin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "éicnea",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "éicen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "éicin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "éicnea",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "éicin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "éicin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "éicnea",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "éicne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "éicen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "éicen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "éicin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "éicnib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "éicnib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "éicen",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "n-éicen",
"source": "mutation"
},
{
"form": "écen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "éicne",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "éicen f (genitive éicne)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "éicne"
},
"expansion": "éicen f (genitive éicne)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "éicin",
"dat_pl": "éicnib",
"gen_sg": "éicne",
"nom_pl": "éicnea"
},
"name": "sga-decl-a-fem"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "éicin+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "éicnea+H",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "éicin+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "ā-f",
"dat_du": "éicnib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "éicnib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "éicin+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "éicen+L",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "éicen+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "éicne+H",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "éicin+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "éicnea+H",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "éicen+L",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "éicin+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "éicnea+H",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "éicen+L",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "though it is necessary (lit. “though it is a necessity”) to explain carefully anything that is difficult, however brevity will not be passed by",
"text": "cid écen aisndís do neuch as doruid co léir, ní sechmalfaider cuimre and dano",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Although they are compounds in Greek (lit. “with the Greeks”), it is not necessary (lit. “it is not a necessity”) for us that they be compounds in our language (lit. “with us”).",
"text": "Cit comṡuidigthi la Grécu ní écen dúnni beta comṡuidigthi linn.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"force, necessity"
],
"id": "en-éicen-sga-noun-zhHInzwk",
"links": [
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"necessity",
"necessity"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈeːɡʲen]"
}
],
"word": "éicen"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "éigean",
"3": "éigin"
},
"expansion": "Irish: éigean, éigin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: éigean, éigin"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "egin"
},
"expansion": "Manx: egin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: egin"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "èiginn"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: èiginn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: èiginn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂neḱ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ankenā",
"t": "force, necessity"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ankenā (“force, necessity”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "angen"
},
"expansion": "Welsh angen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂neḱ-",
"t": "to reach, attain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂neḱ- (“to reach, attain”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀνάγκη",
"t": "force, necessity"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀνάγκη (anánkē, “force, necessity”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "անքատ",
"t": "necessitous"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian անքատ (ankʻat, “necessitous”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "eṅk-",
"t": "take control of"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B eṅk- (“take control of”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *ankenā (“force, necessity”), whence also Welsh angen, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂neḱ- (“to reach, attain”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἀνάγκη (anánkē, “force, necessity”), Old Armenian անքատ (ankʻat, “necessitous”), Tocharian B eṅk- (“take control of”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "éicne",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-a-fem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "éicen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "éicin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "éicnea",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "éicen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "éicin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "éicnea",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "éicin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "éicin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "éicnea",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "éicne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "éicen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "éicen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "éicin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "éicnib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "éicnib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "éicen",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "n-éicen",
"source": "mutation"
},
{
"form": "écen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "éicne",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "éicen f (genitive éicne)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "éicne"
},
"expansion": "éicen f (genitive éicne)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "éicin",
"dat_pl": "éicnib",
"gen_sg": "éicne",
"nom_pl": "éicnea"
},
"name": "sga-decl-a-fem"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "éicin+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "éicnea+H",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "éicin+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "ā-f",
"dat_du": "éicnib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "éicnib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "éicin+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "éicen+L",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "éicen+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "éicne+H",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "éicin+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "éicnea+H",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "éicen+L",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "éicin+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "éicnea+H",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "éicen+L",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish feminine nouns",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂neḱ-",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms with quotations",
"Old Irish ā-stem nouns",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "though it is necessary (lit. “though it is a necessity”) to explain carefully anything that is difficult, however brevity will not be passed by",
"text": "cid écen aisndís do neuch as doruid co léir, ní sechmalfaider cuimre and dano",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Although they are compounds in Greek (lit. “with the Greeks”), it is not necessary (lit. “it is not a necessity”) for us that they be compounds in our language (lit. “with us”).",
"text": "Cit comṡuidigthi la Grécu ní écen dúnni beta comṡuidigthi linn.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"force, necessity"
],
"links": [
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"necessity",
"necessity"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈeːɡʲen]"
}
],
"word": "éicen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for éicen meaning in Old Irish (6.1kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: éicen/Old Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"éicen"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "éicen",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
"path": [
"éicen"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "éicen",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
"path": [
"éicen"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "éicen",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for n-éicen",
"path": [
"éicen"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "éicen",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.