See wer in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*wer"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wer",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*weraz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *weraz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wiHrós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wer"
},
"expansion": "Old English wer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "verr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse verr",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *wer, from Proto-Germanic *weraz, from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós. Cognate with Old English wer and Old Norse verr.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ƿer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "wer m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "wer m",
"name": "goh-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "weralt"
},
{
"word": "werwulf"
}
],
"glosses": [
"man"
],
"id": "en-wer-goh-noun-SLZ24rEH",
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "wer"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Wehr"
},
"expansion": "German: Wehr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Wehr"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gora"
},
"expansion": "Italian: gora",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: gora"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*warją"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *warją",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *warją, likely related to the verb *warjaną (“to defend”), as in a fortification against water.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ƿer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "wer n",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "wer n",
"name": "goh-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dam, weir"
],
"id": "en-wer-goh-noun-8j0aa6Er",
"links": [
[
"dam",
"dam"
],
[
"weir",
"weir"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "wer"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "wër"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: wër, wie, wē (northern)\nCentral Franconian: wä\nCimbrian: bèar, ber (Luserna)\nGerman: wer\nYiddish: ווער (ver)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: wër, wie, wē (northern)\nCentral Franconian: wä\nCimbrian: bèar, ber (Luserna)\nGerman: wer\nYiddish: ווער (ver)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hwaʀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hwaʀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hwaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hwaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hverr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hverr",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *hwaʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hwaz. Cognate with Old Norse hverr.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "glossary",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "wer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "wes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "wemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative"
]
},
{
"form": "wemo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative"
]
},
{
"form": "wenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
{
"form": "wen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "ƿer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "pronouns"
},
"expansion": "wer",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 12 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old High German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old High German pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Who was he?",
"text": "Wer war er?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Hildebrand spoke, Heribrand's son—he was a hoarier man, wiser of life;—he posed his question with few words, who his [Hadubrand's] father might be […]",
"ref": "Hildebrandslied, ll. 7-9",
"text": "hıltıbrant gımahalta herıbranteſ ſunu her uuaſ heroro man\nferaheſ frotoro • her fragen gıſtuont\nfohem uuortum • ƿer ſin fater ƿarı[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"who"
],
"id": "en-wer-goh-pron-btAzcUC9",
"links": [
[
"who",
"who"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(interrogative) who"
],
"related": [
{
"english": "what",
"word": "waz"
}
],
"tags": [
"interrogative"
]
}
],
"word": "wer"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old High German entries with incorrect language header",
"Old High German lemmas",
"Old High German masculine nouns",
"Old High German nouns",
"Old High German pronouns",
"Old High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old High German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old High German terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 18 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "weralt"
},
{
"word": "werwulf"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*wer"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wer",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*weraz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *weraz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wiHrós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wer"
},
"expansion": "Old English wer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "verr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse verr",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *wer, from Proto-Germanic *weraz, from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós. Cognate with Old English wer and Old Norse verr.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ƿer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "wer m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "wer m",
"name": "goh-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"man"
],
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "wer"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old High German entries with incorrect language header",
"Old High German lemmas",
"Old High German neuter nouns",
"Old High German nouns",
"Old High German pronouns",
"Old High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 18 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Wehr"
},
"expansion": "German: Wehr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Wehr"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gora"
},
"expansion": "Italian: gora",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: gora"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*warją"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *warją",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *warją, likely related to the verb *warjaną (“to defend”), as in a fortification against water.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ƿer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "wer n",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "wer n",
"name": "goh-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dam, weir"
],
"links": [
[
"dam",
"dam"
],
[
"weir",
"weir"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "wer"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old High German entries with incorrect language header",
"Old High German lemmas",
"Old High German pronouns",
"Old High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 18 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "wër"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: wër, wie, wē (northern)\nCentral Franconian: wä\nCimbrian: bèar, ber (Luserna)\nGerman: wer\nYiddish: ווער (ver)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: wër, wie, wē (northern)\nCentral Franconian: wä\nCimbrian: bèar, ber (Luserna)\nGerman: wer\nYiddish: ווער (ver)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hwaʀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hwaʀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hwaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hwaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hverr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hverr",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *hwaʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hwaz. Cognate with Old Norse hverr.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "glossary",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "wer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "wes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "wemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative"
]
},
{
"form": "wemo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative"
]
},
{
"form": "wenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
{
"form": "wen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "ƿer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "pronouns"
},
"expansion": "wer",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"pos": "pron",
"related": [
{
"english": "what",
"word": "waz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old High German terms with quotations",
"Old High German terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Who was he?",
"text": "Wer war er?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Hildebrand spoke, Heribrand's son—he was a hoarier man, wiser of life;—he posed his question with few words, who his [Hadubrand's] father might be […]",
"ref": "Hildebrandslied, ll. 7-9",
"text": "hıltıbrant gımahalta herıbranteſ ſunu her uuaſ heroro man\nferaheſ frotoro • her fragen gıſtuont\nfohem uuortum • ƿer ſin fater ƿarı[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"who"
],
"links": [
[
"who",
"who"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(interrogative) who"
],
"tags": [
"interrogative"
]
}
],
"word": "wer"
}
Download raw JSONL data for wer meaning in Old High German (6.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old High German dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-02 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (db8a5a5 and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.