"li" meaning in Old French

See li in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Article

IPA: /li/
Etymology: From Latin illī (“those”). The use for the nominative singular is due to a Vulgar Latin alteration of ille under the influence of the pronoun quī (“who, which”). The same influence (through the dative cui) also explains the Vulgar Latin forms mentioned in etymology 2 below. Doublet of il (“he”). Etymology templates: {{inh|fro|la|illī|t=those}} Latin illī (“those”), {{doublet|fro|il|t1=he}} Doublet of il (“he”) Head templates: {{head|fro|article}} li Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], li [masculine, nominative, singular], la [feminine, nominative, singular], le [feminine, nominative, singular], li [masculine, nominative, plural], les [feminine, nominative, plural], le [masculine, oblique, singular], la [feminine, oblique, singular], les [masculine, oblique, plural], les [feminine, oblique, plural]
  1. the (masculine nominative singular and plural definite article)
    Sense id: en-li-fro-article-werFweuM Categories (other): Old French articles
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Pronoun

IPA: /li/
Etymology: Either directly from Latin illī, dative singular of ille (“that one”), or from reduction of Old French lui, lei, themselves from Vulgar Latin *illui, *illei. This depends on whether the innovative forms had replaced illī entirely in Gaul or whether they existed side by side with it. Compare Italian gli, Spanish le, Portuguese lhe. Etymology templates: {{inh|fro|la|illī}} Latin illī, {{m+|fro|lui}} Old French lui, {{cog|VL.||*illui, *illei}} Vulgar Latin *illui, *illei, {{cog|it|gli}} Italian gli, {{cog|es|le}} Spanish le, {{cog|pt|lhe}} Portuguese lhe Head templates: {{head|fro|pronoun}} li
  1. third-person singular indirect object pronoun; to him, to her, to it, chiefly atonic form of lui and lei
    Sense id: en-li-fro-pron-lop~WSbz Categories (other): Old French entries with incorrect language header, Old French pronouns Disambiguation of Old French entries with incorrect language header: 14 86 Disambiguation of Old French pronouns: 8 92
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2
{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "illī",
        "t": "those"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin illī (“those”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "il",
        "t1": "he"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of il (“he”)",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin illī (“those”). The use for the nominative singular is due to a Vulgar Latin alteration of ille under the influence of the pronoun quī (“who, which”). The same influence (through the dative cui) also explains the Vulgar Latin forms mentioned in etymology 2 below. Doublet of il (“he”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fro-definite-article",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "li",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "le",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "li",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "les",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "le",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "oblique",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "oblique",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "les",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "oblique",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "les",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "oblique",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "article"
      },
      "expansion": "li",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "article",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French articles",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The king replied \"this is no lie\"",
          "ref": "c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:",
          "text": "Li rois respont: \"N'est pas mançonge\"",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the (masculine nominative singular and plural definite article)"
      ],
      "id": "en-li-fro-article-werFweuM",
      "links": [
        [
          "the",
          "the"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/li/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "li"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "illī"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin illī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "lui"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French lui",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "VL.",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*illui, *illei"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *illui, *illei",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "gli"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian gli",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "le"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish le",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "lhe"
      },
      "expansion": "Portuguese lhe",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Either directly from Latin illī, dative singular of ille (“that one”), or from reduction of Old French lui, lei, themselves from Vulgar Latin *illui, *illei. This depends on whether the innovative forms had replaced illī entirely in Gaul or whether they existed side by side with it. Compare Italian gli, Spanish le, Portuguese lhe.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "pronoun"
      },
      "expansion": "li",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "pron",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 86",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 92",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He started to tell him",
          "ref": "c. 1180, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la charrette:",
          "text": "Si li ancomancent a dire",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "third-person singular indirect object pronoun; to him, to her, to it, chiefly atonic form of lui and lei"
      ],
      "id": "en-li-fro-pron-lop~WSbz",
      "links": [
        [
          "atonic",
          "atonic#English"
        ],
        [
          "lui",
          "lui#Old_French"
        ],
        [
          "lei",
          "lei#Old_French"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/li/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "li"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old French articles",
    "Old French doublets",
    "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old French lemmas",
    "Old French pronouns",
    "Old French terms derived from Latin",
    "Old French terms inherited from Latin",
    "Pages with 56 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "illī",
        "t": "those"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin illī (“those”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "il",
        "t1": "he"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of il (“he”)",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin illī (“those”). The use for the nominative singular is due to a Vulgar Latin alteration of ille under the influence of the pronoun quī (“who, which”). The same influence (through the dative cui) also explains the Vulgar Latin forms mentioned in etymology 2 below. Doublet of il (“he”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fro-definite-article",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "li",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "le",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "li",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "les",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "le",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "oblique",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "oblique",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "les",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "oblique",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "les",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "oblique",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "article"
      },
      "expansion": "li",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "article",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old French terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The king replied \"this is no lie\"",
          "ref": "c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:",
          "text": "Li rois respont: \"N'est pas mançonge\"",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the (masculine nominative singular and plural definite article)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "the",
          "the"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/li/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "li"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old French lemmas",
    "Old French pronouns",
    "Old French terms derived from Latin",
    "Old French terms inherited from Latin",
    "Pages with 56 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "illī"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin illī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "lui"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French lui",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "VL.",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*illui, *illei"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *illui, *illei",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "gli"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian gli",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "le"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish le",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "lhe"
      },
      "expansion": "Portuguese lhe",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Either directly from Latin illī, dative singular of ille (“that one”), or from reduction of Old French lui, lei, themselves from Vulgar Latin *illui, *illei. This depends on whether the innovative forms had replaced illī entirely in Gaul or whether they existed side by side with it. Compare Italian gli, Spanish le, Portuguese lhe.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "pronoun"
      },
      "expansion": "li",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "pron",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old French terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He started to tell him",
          "ref": "c. 1180, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la charrette:",
          "text": "Si li ancomancent a dire",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "third-person singular indirect object pronoun; to him, to her, to it, chiefly atonic form of lui and lei"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "atonic",
          "atonic#English"
        ],
        [
          "lui",
          "lui#Old_French"
        ],
        [
          "lei",
          "lei#Old_French"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/li/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "li"
}

Download raw JSONL data for li meaning in Old French (4.2kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.