See language in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-brg",
"2": "langaige"
},
"expansion": "Bourguignon: langaige",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bourguignon: langaige"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "language"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: language, langage, langaige, languaige\nFrench: langage, language (archaic or misspelling)\nHaitian Creole: langaj\n→ English: langaj\nMauritian Creole: langaz\nLouisiana Creole: langaj\n→ Romanian: limbaj (partial calque)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: language, langage, langaige, languaige\nFrench: langage, language (archaic or misspelling)\nHaitian Creole: langaj\n→ English: langaj\nMauritian Creole: langaz\nLouisiana Creole: langaj\n→ Romanian: limbaj (partial calque)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": ""
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "langage",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: langage, language, langag, langwache\nEnglish: language",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: langage, language, langag, langwache\nEnglish: language"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "lengaç",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Friulian: lengaç",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Friulian: lengaç"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "lingaz",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ladin: lingaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ladin: lingaz"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ML.",
"2": "linguāgium",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Medieval Latin: linguāgium",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Medieval Latin: linguāgium"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "linguatg",
"alts": "1",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romansch: linguatg, lungatg (Sursilvan, Surmiran), lungaitg (Sutsilvan), linguach (Puter, Vallader)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romansch: linguatg, lungatg (Sursilvan, Surmiran), lungaitg (Sutsilvan), linguach (Puter, Vallader)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*linguāticum",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *linguāticum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*linguāticum"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Vulgar Latin *linguāticum",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "langue",
"3": "-age"
},
"expansion": "langue + -age",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Vulgar Latin *linguāticum. Attested in the Passion. Derivable from langue + -age.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "language oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "languages",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "language",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "languages",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "language oblique singular, f (oblique plural languages, nominative singular language, nominative plural languages)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French terms suffixed with -age",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"language (style of communicating)"
],
"id": "en-language-fro-noun-frjHNUDj",
"links": [
[
"language",
"language#English"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"fr:Passion_du_Christ_(Clermont)"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lenˈɡwad͡ʒə/",
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lanˈɡad͡ʒə/",
"note": "classical"
},
{
"ipa": "/lanˈɡaʒə/",
"note": "late"
}
],
"word": "language"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-brg",
"2": "langaige"
},
"expansion": "Bourguignon: langaige",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bourguignon: langaige"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "language"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: language, langage, langaige, languaige\nFrench: langage, language (archaic or misspelling)\nHaitian Creole: langaj\n→ English: langaj\nMauritian Creole: langaz\nLouisiana Creole: langaj\n→ Romanian: limbaj (partial calque)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: language, langage, langaige, languaige\nFrench: langage, language (archaic or misspelling)\nHaitian Creole: langaj\n→ English: langaj\nMauritian Creole: langaz\nLouisiana Creole: langaj\n→ Romanian: limbaj (partial calque)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": ""
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "langage",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: langage, language, langag, langwache\nEnglish: language",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: langage, language, langag, langwache\nEnglish: language"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "lengaç",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Friulian: lengaç",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Friulian: lengaç"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "lingaz",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ladin: lingaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ladin: lingaz"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ML.",
"2": "linguāgium",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Medieval Latin: linguāgium",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Medieval Latin: linguāgium"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "linguatg",
"alts": "1",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romansch: linguatg, lungatg (Sursilvan, Surmiran), lungaitg (Sutsilvan), linguach (Puter, Vallader)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romansch: linguatg, lungatg (Sursilvan, Surmiran), lungaitg (Sutsilvan), linguach (Puter, Vallader)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*linguāticum",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *linguāticum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*linguāticum"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Vulgar Latin *linguāticum",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "langue",
"3": "-age"
},
"expansion": "langue + -age",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Vulgar Latin *linguāticum. Attested in the Passion. Derivable from langue + -age.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "language oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "languages",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "language",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "languages",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "language oblique singular, f (oblique plural languages, nominative singular language, nominative plural languages)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French feminine nouns",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
"Old French terms suffixed with -age",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"language (style of communicating)"
],
"links": [
[
"language",
"language#English"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"fr:Passion_du_Christ_(Clermont)"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lenˈɡwad͡ʒə/",
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lanˈɡad͡ʒə/",
"note": "classical"
},
{
"ipa": "/lanˈɡaʒə/",
"note": "late"
}
],
"word": "language"
}
Download raw JSONL data for language meaning in Old French (3.8kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'language oblique singular or', originally 'language oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"language"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "language",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'language oblique singular or', originally 'language oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"language"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "language",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['feminine', 'canonical']: 'language oblique singular or' in 'language oblique singular, f (oblique plural languages, nominative singular language, nominative plural languages)'",
"path": [
"language"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "language",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "language/Old French/noun: 'text' should contain a non-empty string: {\"depth\": 0, \"templates\": [], \"text\": \"\"}: {\"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"roa-brg\", \"2\": \"langaige\"}, \"expansion\": \"Bourguignon: langaige\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Bourguignon: langaige\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"frm\", \"2\": \"language\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle French: language, langage, langaige, languaige\\nFrench: langage, language (archaic or misspelling)\\nHaitian Creole: langaj\\n→ English: langaj\\nMauritian Creole: langaz\\nLouisiana Creole: langaj\\n→ Romanian: limbaj (partial calque)\", \"name\": \"desctree\"}], \"text\": \"Middle French: language, langage, langaige, languaige\\nFrench: langage, language (archaic or misspelling)\\nHaitian Creole: langaj\\n→ English: langaj\\nMauritian Creole: langaz\\nLouisiana Creole: langaj\\n→ Romanian: limbaj (partial calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 0, \"templates\": [], \"text\": \"\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"langage\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Middle English: langage, language, langag, langwache\\nEnglish: language\", \"name\": \"desctree\"}], \"text\": \"→ Middle English: langage, language, langag, langwache\\nEnglish: language\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fur\", \"2\": \"lengaç\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Friulian: lengaç\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Friulian: lengaç\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"lld\", \"2\": \"lingaz\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Ladin: lingaz\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Ladin: lingaz\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ML.\", \"2\": \"linguāgium\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Medieval Latin: linguāgium\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Medieval Latin: linguāgium\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"rm\", \"2\": \"linguatg\", \"alts\": \"1\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Romansch: linguatg, lungatg (Sursilvan, Surmiran), lungaitg (Sutsilvan), linguach (Puter, Vallader)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Romansch: linguatg, lungatg (Sursilvan, Surmiran), lungaitg (Sutsilvan), linguach (Puter, Vallader)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fro\", \"2\": \"la\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"dercat\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Inherited\"}, \"expansion\": \"Inherited\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fro\", \"2\": \"VL.\", \"3\": \"*linguāticum\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"g\": \"\", \"g2\": \"\", \"g3\": \"\", \"id\": \"\", \"lit\": \"\", \"nocat\": \"\", \"pos\": \"\", \"sc\": \"\", \"sort\": \"\", \"tr\": \"\", \"ts\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"Vulgar Latin *linguāticum\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fro\", \"2\": \"VL.\", \"3\": \"*linguāticum\"}, \"expansion\": \"Inherited from Vulgar Latin *linguāticum\", \"name\": \"inh+\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fro\", \"2\": \"langue\", \"3\": \"-age\"}, \"expansion\": \"langue + -age\", \"name\": \"af\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Inherited from Vulgar Latin *linguāticum. Attested in the Passion. Derivable from langue + -age.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"language oblique singular or\", \"tags\": [\"canonical\", \"feminine\"]}, {\"form\": \"languages\", \"tags\": [\"oblique\", \"plural\"]}, {\"form\": \"language\", \"tags\": [\"nominative\", \"singular\"]}, {\"form\": \"languages\", \"tags\": [\"nominative\", \"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"f\"}, \"expansion\": \"language oblique singular, f (oblique plural languages, nominative singular language, nominative plural languages)\", \"name\": \"fro-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"Old French\", \"lang_code\": \"fro\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Old French entries with incorrect language header\", \"Old French feminine nouns\", \"Old French lemmas\", \"Old French nouns\", \"Old French terms derived from Latin\", \"Old French terms derived from Vulgar Latin\", \"Old French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin\", \"Old French terms suffixed with -age\", \"Pages with 5 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"glosses\": [\"language (style of communicating)\"], \"links\": [[\"language\", \"language#English\"]], \"wikipedia\": [\"fr:Passion_du_Christ_(Clermont)\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/lenˈɡwad͡ʒə/\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/lanˈɡad͡ʒə/\", \"note\": \"classical\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/lanˈɡaʒə/\", \"note\": \"late\"}], \"word\": \"language\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "language",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (ce0be54 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.