See fer in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fer"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: fer\nFrench: fer (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: fer\nFrench: fer (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "fé"
},
"expansion": "Norman: fé",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "France",
"2": "Jersey"
},
"expansion": "(France, Jersey)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Guernsey"
},
"expansion": "(Guernsey)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Sark"
},
"expansion": "(Sark)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Norman: fé (France, Jersey), faer (Guernsey), fer (Sark)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "fier"
},
"expansion": "Walloon: fier",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Walloon: fier"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "ferrum"
},
"expansion": "Latin ferrum",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin ferrum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fer oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "fers",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fers",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fer",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "fer oblique singular, m (oblique plural fers, nominative singular fers, nominative plural fer)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"iron (metal)"
],
"id": "en-fer-fro-noun-u54YYs-q",
"links": [
[
"iron",
"iron"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 1 3 2 2 1 2 3 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 0 1 16 16 5 2 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 11 2 2 0 0 1 1 2 2 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 30 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 0 1 20 20 6 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 13 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 4 1 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 5 15 60",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fro",
"name": "Metals",
"orig": "fro:Metals",
"parents": [
"Matter",
"Metallurgy",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Technology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sword (made of iron)"
],
"id": "en-fer-fro-noun-h~8P64bx",
"links": [
[
"sword",
"sword"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) sword (made of iron)"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"word": "fer"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fier"
},
"expansion": "French: fier",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: fier"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fer",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: fer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: fer"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fere"
},
"expansion": "English: fere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: fere"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fers",
"bor": "1",
"noalts": "1",
"qq": "from the nominative singular fers"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: fers (from the nominative singular fers)\nEnglish: fierce\nYola: fearse",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: fers (from the nominative singular fers)\nEnglish: fierce\nYola: fearse"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "ferum"
},
"expansion": "Latin ferum",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin ferum, accusative of ferus (“wild”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fere",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fro-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "fere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "fer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "fer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "feres",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "fer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "fer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "fers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "feres",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "feres",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"10": "",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "oblique and nominative feminine singular",
"4": "fere",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"g": "m",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "fer m (oblique and nominative feminine singular fere)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fer m (oblique and nominative feminine singular fere)",
"name": "fro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fro-decl-adj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fers",
"10": "fers",
"11": "feres",
"12": "fer",
"2": "fere",
"3": "fer",
"4": "fer",
"5": "fere",
"6": "fer",
"7": "fer",
"8": "feres",
"9": "fer"
},
"name": "fro-decl-adj/table"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cruel; harsh"
],
"id": "en-fer-fro-adj-fS3DVZwX",
"links": [
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Four feet has the beast, and it is of a very ferocious nature",
"ref": "c. 1120, Philippe de Taon, Bestiaire:",
"text": "Quatre pez ad la beste, e mult est de fer estre",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fierce; ferocious"
],
"id": "en-fer-fro-adj-MlMUrqlK",
"links": [
[
"fierce",
"fierce"
],
[
"ferocious",
"ferocious"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "fer"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old French adjectives",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French masculine nouns",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Pages with 30 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"fro:Metals"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fer"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: fer\nFrench: fer (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: fer\nFrench: fer (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "fé"
},
"expansion": "Norman: fé",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "France",
"2": "Jersey"
},
"expansion": "(France, Jersey)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Guernsey"
},
"expansion": "(Guernsey)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Sark"
},
"expansion": "(Sark)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Norman: fé (France, Jersey), faer (Guernsey), fer (Sark)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "fier"
},
"expansion": "Walloon: fier",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Walloon: fier"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "ferrum"
},
"expansion": "Latin ferrum",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin ferrum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fer oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "fers",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fers",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fer",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "fer oblique singular, m (oblique plural fers, nominative singular fers, nominative plural fer)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"iron (metal)"
],
"links": [
[
"iron",
"iron"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sword (made of iron)"
],
"links": [
[
"sword",
"sword"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) sword (made of iron)"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"word": "fer"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old French adjectives",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Pages with 30 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"fro:Metals"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fier"
},
"expansion": "French: fier",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: fier"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fer",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: fer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: fer"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fere"
},
"expansion": "English: fere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: fere"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fers",
"bor": "1",
"noalts": "1",
"qq": "from the nominative singular fers"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: fers (from the nominative singular fers)\nEnglish: fierce\nYola: fearse",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: fers (from the nominative singular fers)\nEnglish: fierce\nYola: fearse"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "ferum"
},
"expansion": "Latin ferum",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin ferum, accusative of ferus (“wild”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fere",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fro-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "fere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "fer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "fer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "feres",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "fer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "fer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "fers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "feres",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "feres",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"10": "",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "oblique and nominative feminine singular",
"4": "fere",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"g": "m",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "fer m (oblique and nominative feminine singular fere)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fer m (oblique and nominative feminine singular fere)",
"name": "fro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fro-decl-adj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fers",
"10": "fers",
"11": "feres",
"12": "fer",
"2": "fere",
"3": "fer",
"4": "fer",
"5": "fere",
"6": "fer",
"7": "fer",
"8": "feres",
"9": "fer"
},
"name": "fro-decl-adj/table"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cruel; harsh"
],
"links": [
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old French terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Four feet has the beast, and it is of a very ferocious nature",
"ref": "c. 1120, Philippe de Taon, Bestiaire:",
"text": "Quatre pez ad la beste, e mult est de fer estre",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fierce; ferocious"
],
"links": [
[
"fierce",
"fierce"
],
[
"ferocious",
"ferocious"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "fer"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fer meaning in Old French (6.0kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'fer oblique singular or', originally 'fer oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"fer"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "fer",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'fer oblique singular or', originally 'fer oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"fer"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "fer",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['masculine', 'canonical']: 'fer oblique singular or' in 'fer oblique singular, m (oblique plural fers, nominative singular fers, nominative plural fer)'",
"path": [
"fer"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "fer",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old French]; cleaned text: Singular",
"path": [
"fer"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "fer",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old French]; cleaned text: Subject",
"path": [
"fer"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "fer",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old French]; cleaned text: Oblique",
"path": [
"fer"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "fer",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old French]; cleaned text: Plural",
"path": [
"fer"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "fer",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old French]; cleaned text: Subject",
"path": [
"fer"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "fer",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old French]; cleaned text: Oblique",
"path": [
"fer"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "fer",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: fer/Old French 'Number' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"fer"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "fer",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.