See stan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ston"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: ston, stan, stane, stoan, stone, stoon, stoone\nEnglish: stone (see there for further descendants)\nGeordie English: styen\nScots: stane\nYola: sthoan\n→ Anglo-Norman: ston",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: ston, stan, stane, stoan, stone, stoon, stoone\nEnglish: stone (see there for further descendants)\nGeordie English: styen\nScots: stane\nYola: sthoan\n→ Anglo-Norman: ston"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stain",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stainaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stainaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steyh₂no-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steyh₂no-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "stēn"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian stēn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "stēn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon stēn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Steen"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Steen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "sten"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch sten",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "steen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch steen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "stein"
},
"expansion": "Old High German stein",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Stein"
},
"expansion": "German Stein",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "steinn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse steinn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "steinn"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic steinn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "steinur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese steinur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "stein"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk stein",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "stein"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål stein",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "sten"
},
"expansion": "Danish sten",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "sten"
},
"expansion": "Swedish sten",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (stains)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "στιον",
"3": "στῖον",
"4": "pebble"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek στῖον (stîon, “pebble”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*stěnà"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *stěnà",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "стена"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian стена (stena)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "стена́"
},
"expansion": "Russian стена́ (stená)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "stěna",
"3": "",
"4": "wall"
},
"expansion": "Czech stěna (“wall”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *stain, from Proto-Germanic *stainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *steyh₂no-, *stih₂-no- (a suffixed form of *steyh₂- (“to be solid, to crowd together”)).\nCognate with Old Frisian stēn, Old Saxon stēn (German Low German Steen), Old Dutch sten, stein (Dutch steen), Old High German stein (German Stein), Old Norse steinn (Icelandic steinn, Faroese steinur, Norwegian Nynorsk stein, Norwegian Bokmål stein, sten, Danish sten, Swedish sten), Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (stains). The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek στῖον (stîon, “pebble”), Proto-Slavic *stěnà (Bulgarian стена (stena), Russian стена́ (stená), Czech stěna (“wall”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stān",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "stān",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stānas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stān",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stānas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stānes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stāna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stāne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stānum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "stān",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "stān m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"head": "stān"
},
"expansion": "stān m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stān"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stān",
"2": "stānas",
"3": "stān",
"4": "stānas",
"5": "stānes",
"6": "stāna",
"7": "stāne",
"8": "stānum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 17 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Rocks",
"orig": "ang:Rocks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "mill-stone",
"word": "byrþenstān"
},
{
"english": "chalk-stone",
"word": "ċealcstān"
},
{
"english": "sandstone, gravel",
"word": "ċeosolstān"
},
{
"english": "quernstone",
"word": "cweornstān"
},
{
"english": "trying-stone, die",
"word": "cynningstān"
},
{
"english": "precious-stone",
"word": "eorcnanstān"
},
{
"english": "floor-stone, pavement",
"word": "flōrstān"
},
{
"english": "foot-stone, pedastal",
"word": "fōtstān"
},
{
"english": "firestone, flint",
"word": "fȳrstān"
},
{
"english": "piece of ice, hailstone",
"word": "ġicelstān"
},
{
"english": "gemstone",
"word": "ġimstān"
},
{
"english": "groundstone, cornerstone, foundation",
"word": "grundstān"
},
{
"english": "hailstone",
"word": "hagolstān"
},
{
"english": "roof-stone",
"word": "hrōfstān"
},
{
"english": "cornerstone, foundation",
"word": "hwamstān"
},
{
"english": "whetstone",
"word": "hwetstān"
},
{
"english": "mere-stone, boundary-mark",
"word": "mǣrstān"
},
{
"english": "marble",
"word": "marmstān"
},
{
"english": "millstone",
"word": "mylenstān"
},
{
"english": "jewel",
"word": "sincstān"
},
{
"english": "gypsum, chalk",
"word": "spærstān"
},
{
"english": "stone-hill",
"word": "stānbeorg"
},
{
"english": "stoneworking tool",
"word": "stānbill"
},
{
"english": "stone arch",
"word": "stānboga"
},
{
"english": "mountain goat",
"word": "stānbucca"
},
{
"english": "cliff, rock",
"word": "stānclif"
},
{
"english": "rock",
"word": "stānclūd"
},
{
"english": "rock summit, peak",
"word": "stāncnoll"
},
{
"english": "stonecrop",
"word": "stāncropp"
},
{
"english": "a kind of stone",
"word": "stāncynn"
},
{
"english": "stone vessel",
"word": "stānfæt"
},
{
"english": "decorated with stones",
"word": "stānfāh"
},
{
"english": "stone-yeller, pelican",
"word": "stānġiella"
},
{
"english": "stone quarry",
"word": "stānhīewet"
},
{
"english": "rocky slope",
"word": "stānhliþ"
},
{
"english": "stony, rocky",
"word": "stāniġ"
},
{
"english": "cement, mortar",
"word": "stānlīm"
},
{
"english": "parsley",
"word": "stānmereċe"
},
{
"english": "stonewall",
"word": "stānweall"
},
{
"english": "stoneway, stone path, pavement",
"word": "stānweġ"
},
{
"english": "stonework",
"word": "stānweorc"
},
{
"english": "worship of stones",
"word": "stānweorþung"
},
{
"english": "stone-wright",
"word": "stānwyrhta"
},
{
"english": "die, game pawn",
"word": "tæflstān"
},
{
"english": "tilestone",
"word": "tigelstān"
},
{
"word": "Æþelstān"
},
{
"word": "Beornstān"
},
{
"word": "Bilstān"
},
{
"word": "Burgstān"
},
{
"word": "Cynestān"
},
{
"word": "Ēadstān"
},
{
"word": "Ealhstān"
},
{
"word": "Eċġstān"
},
{
"word": "Friþestān"
},
{
"word": "Hēahstān"
},
{
"word": "Helmstān"
},
{
"word": "Lēofstān"
},
{
"word": "Stānwulf"
},
{
"word": "Wēohstān"
},
{
"word": "Wīġstān"
},
{
"word": "Wulfstān"
},
{
"word": "Wynnstān"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Fire is hidden within hard stones, the stone comes from the earth, which sweats, and so wellsprings come from the rocks.",
"roman": "Fȳr is behȳd on heardum stānum, sē stān cymð of eorðan, and hē swǣt swā ðēah, and of stānclūdum cumað wyllspringas.",
"text": "c. 1000, Ælfric of Eynsham (tr.), Hexameron of St. Basil",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stone"
],
"id": "en-stan-ang-noun-3D1Q2o2s",
"links": [
[
"stone",
"stone"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "stǣnen"
},
{
"word": "stǣner"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɑːn/"
}
],
"word": "stan"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "mill-stone",
"word": "byrþenstān"
},
{
"english": "chalk-stone",
"word": "ċealcstān"
},
{
"english": "sandstone, gravel",
"word": "ċeosolstān"
},
{
"english": "quernstone",
"word": "cweornstān"
},
{
"english": "trying-stone, die",
"word": "cynningstān"
},
{
"english": "precious-stone",
"word": "eorcnanstān"
},
{
"english": "floor-stone, pavement",
"word": "flōrstān"
},
{
"english": "foot-stone, pedastal",
"word": "fōtstān"
},
{
"english": "firestone, flint",
"word": "fȳrstān"
},
{
"english": "piece of ice, hailstone",
"word": "ġicelstān"
},
{
"english": "gemstone",
"word": "ġimstān"
},
{
"english": "groundstone, cornerstone, foundation",
"word": "grundstān"
},
{
"english": "hailstone",
"word": "hagolstān"
},
{
"english": "roof-stone",
"word": "hrōfstān"
},
{
"english": "cornerstone, foundation",
"word": "hwamstān"
},
{
"english": "whetstone",
"word": "hwetstān"
},
{
"english": "mere-stone, boundary-mark",
"word": "mǣrstān"
},
{
"english": "marble",
"word": "marmstān"
},
{
"english": "millstone",
"word": "mylenstān"
},
{
"english": "jewel",
"word": "sincstān"
},
{
"english": "gypsum, chalk",
"word": "spærstān"
},
{
"english": "stone-hill",
"word": "stānbeorg"
},
{
"english": "stoneworking tool",
"word": "stānbill"
},
{
"english": "stone arch",
"word": "stānboga"
},
{
"english": "mountain goat",
"word": "stānbucca"
},
{
"english": "cliff, rock",
"word": "stānclif"
},
{
"english": "rock",
"word": "stānclūd"
},
{
"english": "rock summit, peak",
"word": "stāncnoll"
},
{
"english": "stonecrop",
"word": "stāncropp"
},
{
"english": "a kind of stone",
"word": "stāncynn"
},
{
"english": "stone vessel",
"word": "stānfæt"
},
{
"english": "decorated with stones",
"word": "stānfāh"
},
{
"english": "stone-yeller, pelican",
"word": "stānġiella"
},
{
"english": "stone quarry",
"word": "stānhīewet"
},
{
"english": "rocky slope",
"word": "stānhliþ"
},
{
"english": "stony, rocky",
"word": "stāniġ"
},
{
"english": "cement, mortar",
"word": "stānlīm"
},
{
"english": "parsley",
"word": "stānmereċe"
},
{
"english": "stonewall",
"word": "stānweall"
},
{
"english": "stoneway, stone path, pavement",
"word": "stānweġ"
},
{
"english": "stonework",
"word": "stānweorc"
},
{
"english": "worship of stones",
"word": "stānweorþung"
},
{
"english": "stone-wright",
"word": "stānwyrhta"
},
{
"english": "die, game pawn",
"word": "tæflstān"
},
{
"english": "tilestone",
"word": "tigelstān"
},
{
"word": "Æþelstān"
},
{
"word": "Beornstān"
},
{
"word": "Bilstān"
},
{
"word": "Burgstān"
},
{
"word": "Cynestān"
},
{
"word": "Ēadstān"
},
{
"word": "Ealhstān"
},
{
"word": "Eċġstān"
},
{
"word": "Friþestān"
},
{
"word": "Hēahstān"
},
{
"word": "Helmstān"
},
{
"word": "Lēofstān"
},
{
"word": "Stānwulf"
},
{
"word": "Wēohstān"
},
{
"word": "Wīġstān"
},
{
"word": "Wulfstān"
},
{
"word": "Wynnstān"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ston"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: ston, stan, stane, stoan, stone, stoon, stoone\nEnglish: stone (see there for further descendants)\nGeordie English: styen\nScots: stane\nYola: sthoan\n→ Anglo-Norman: ston",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: ston, stan, stane, stoan, stone, stoon, stoone\nEnglish: stone (see there for further descendants)\nGeordie English: styen\nScots: stane\nYola: sthoan\n→ Anglo-Norman: ston"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stain",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stainaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stainaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steyh₂no-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steyh₂no-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "stēn"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian stēn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "stēn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon stēn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Steen"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Steen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "sten"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch sten",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "steen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch steen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "stein"
},
"expansion": "Old High German stein",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Stein"
},
"expansion": "German Stein",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "steinn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse steinn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "steinn"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic steinn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "steinur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese steinur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "stein"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk stein",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "stein"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål stein",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "sten"
},
"expansion": "Danish sten",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "sten"
},
"expansion": "Swedish sten",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (stains)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "στιον",
"3": "στῖον",
"4": "pebble"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek στῖον (stîon, “pebble”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*stěnà"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *stěnà",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "стена"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian стена (stena)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "стена́"
},
"expansion": "Russian стена́ (stená)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "stěna",
"3": "",
"4": "wall"
},
"expansion": "Czech stěna (“wall”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *stain, from Proto-Germanic *stainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *steyh₂no-, *stih₂-no- (a suffixed form of *steyh₂- (“to be solid, to crowd together”)).\nCognate with Old Frisian stēn, Old Saxon stēn (German Low German Steen), Old Dutch sten, stein (Dutch steen), Old High German stein (German Stein), Old Norse steinn (Icelandic steinn, Faroese steinur, Norwegian Nynorsk stein, Norwegian Bokmål stein, sten, Danish sten, Swedish sten), Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (stains). The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek στῖον (stîon, “pebble”), Proto-Slavic *stěnà (Bulgarian стена (stena), Russian стена́ (stená), Czech stěna (“wall”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stān",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "stān",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stānas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stān",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stānas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stānes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stāna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stāne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stānum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "stān",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "stān m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"head": "stān"
},
"expansion": "stān m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stān"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stān",
"2": "stānas",
"3": "stān",
"4": "stānas",
"5": "stānes",
"6": "stāna",
"7": "stāne",
"8": "stānum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "stǣnen"
},
{
"word": "stǣner"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
"Old English masculine nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with quotations",
"Pages with 17 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ang:Rocks"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Fire is hidden within hard stones, the stone comes from the earth, which sweats, and so wellsprings come from the rocks.",
"roman": "Fȳr is behȳd on heardum stānum, sē stān cymð of eorðan, and hē swǣt swā ðēah, and of stānclūdum cumað wyllspringas.",
"text": "c. 1000, Ælfric of Eynsham (tr.), Hexameron of St. Basil",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stone"
],
"links": [
[
"stone",
"stone"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɑːn/"
}
],
"word": "stan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for stan meaning in Old English (8.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (8b3c49c and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.