See scunian in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "asċunian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "forsċunian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "onsċunian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "sċunung"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "schonen",
"noalts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: schonen\nEnglish: shun\nMiddle Scots: schune, schunne\nScots: shun\n⇒? Middle English: schonten, schonte, schount, schunt, shontt, shunt\nEnglish: shunt (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: schonen\nEnglish: shun\nMiddle Scots: schune, schunne\nScots: shun\n⇒? Middle English: schonten, schonte, schount, schunt, shontt, shunt\nEnglish: shunt (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "Uncertain"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "",
"3": "*skuna"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse *skuna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "derived terms",
"2": "derived"
},
"expansion": "derived",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kewH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cover, hide",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, hide”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kewH-",
"nocap": "1",
"t": "to cover, hide"
},
"expansion": "derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, hide”)",
"name": "der+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्कुनाति",
"t": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit स्कुनाति (skunāti, “to cover”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*skunjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skunjaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*skunnjan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *skunnjan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang-nor",
"2": "sćylun",
"t": "we must"
},
"expansion": "Northumbrian Old English sćylun (“we must”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; despite the lack of secure Germanic cognates (though compare scunner, which may derive from a Old Norse *skuna), possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, hide”), as either a nasal-present *skunéHti identical to Sanskrit स्कुनाति (skunāti, “to cover”) or a later inner-Germanic formation, through either Proto-Germanic *skunjaną, Proto-West Germanic *skunnjan (if the variant sċynian shows that this verb was formerly a weak j-present) or *skunōną, *skunōn (if the variant sċynian exhibits a development /ʃu/ > /ʃy/ as potentially seen in Northumbrian Old English sćylun (“we must”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sċunian",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "sċunian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "sċunienne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "sċuniġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sċunode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sċunast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sċunodest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sċunaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sċunode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sċuniaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sċunodon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sċuniġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sċunode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sċuniġen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sċunoden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sċuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sċuniaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sċuniende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sċunod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġesċunod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sċeonian",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sċynian",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sċyniġan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "sċunian"
},
"expansion": "sċunian",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sċunian<w2>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 18 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 28 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 29 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to hide or flee from; to avoid"
],
"id": "en-scunian-ang-verb-tOxAht2O",
"links": [
[
"hide",
"hide"
],
[
"flee",
"flee"
],
[
"avoid",
"avoid"
],
[
"Joseph Bosworth",
"w:Joseph Bosworth"
],
[
"T. Northcote Toller",
"w:T. Northcote Toller"
],
[
"An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary",
"w:An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary"
],
[
"Oxford University Press",
"w:Oxford University Press"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 28 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 29 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be scared of"
],
"id": "en-scunian-ang-verb-iqjeeGE2",
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"scared",
"scared"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 28 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 29 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to hate; abhor; detest"
],
"id": "en-scunian-ang-verb-JG2z2lgz",
"links": [
[
"hate",
"hate"
],
[
"abhor",
"abhor"
],
[
"detest",
"detest"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃu.ni.ɑn/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Alfred Bammesberger",
"Heidelberg",
"Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich",
"Munich",
"Universität Zürich",
"de:Universitätsverlag Winter"
],
"word": "scunian"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English class 2 weak verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with unknown etymologies",
"Old English verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "asċunian"
},
{
"word": "forsċunian"
},
{
"word": "onsċunian"
},
{
"word": "sċunung"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "schonen",
"noalts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: schonen\nEnglish: shun\nMiddle Scots: schune, schunne\nScots: shun\n⇒? Middle English: schonten, schonte, schount, schunt, shontt, shunt\nEnglish: shunt (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: schonen\nEnglish: shun\nMiddle Scots: schune, schunne\nScots: shun\n⇒? Middle English: schonten, schonte, schount, schunt, shontt, shunt\nEnglish: shunt (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "Uncertain"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "",
"3": "*skuna"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse *skuna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "derived terms",
"2": "derived"
},
"expansion": "derived",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kewH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cover, hide",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, hide”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kewH-",
"nocap": "1",
"t": "to cover, hide"
},
"expansion": "derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, hide”)",
"name": "der+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्कुनाति",
"t": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit स्कुनाति (skunāti, “to cover”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*skunjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skunjaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*skunnjan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *skunnjan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang-nor",
"2": "sćylun",
"t": "we must"
},
"expansion": "Northumbrian Old English sćylun (“we must”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; despite the lack of secure Germanic cognates (though compare scunner, which may derive from a Old Norse *skuna), possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, hide”), as either a nasal-present *skunéHti identical to Sanskrit स्कुनाति (skunāti, “to cover”) or a later inner-Germanic formation, through either Proto-Germanic *skunjaną, Proto-West Germanic *skunnjan (if the variant sċynian shows that this verb was formerly a weak j-present) or *skunōną, *skunōn (if the variant sċynian exhibits a development /ʃu/ > /ʃy/ as potentially seen in Northumbrian Old English sćylun (“we must”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sċunian",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "sċunian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "sċunienne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "sċuniġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sċunode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sċunast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sċunodest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sċunaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sċunode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sċuniaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sċunodon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sċuniġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sċunode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sċuniġen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sċunoden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sċuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sċuniaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sċuniende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sċunod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġesċunod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sċeonian",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sċynian",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sċyniġan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "sċunian"
},
"expansion": "sċunian",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sċunian<w2>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to hide or flee from; to avoid"
],
"links": [
[
"hide",
"hide"
],
[
"flee",
"flee"
],
[
"avoid",
"avoid"
],
[
"Joseph Bosworth",
"w:Joseph Bosworth"
],
[
"T. Northcote Toller",
"w:T. Northcote Toller"
],
[
"An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary",
"w:An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary"
],
[
"Oxford University Press",
"w:Oxford University Press"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to be scared of"
],
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"scared",
"scared"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to hate; abhor; detest"
],
"links": [
[
"hate",
"hate"
],
[
"abhor",
"abhor"
],
[
"detest",
"detest"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃu.ni.ɑn/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Alfred Bammesberger",
"Heidelberg",
"Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich",
"Munich",
"Universität Zürich",
"de:Universitätsverlag Winter"
],
"word": "scunian"
}
Download raw JSONL data for scunian meaning in Old English (6.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (8b3c49c and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.