run in Old English

IPA: /ruːn/ [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From Proto-West Germanic *rūnu. Cognate with the Old Saxon rūna, Old High German rūna (German Raun), Old Norse rún, and Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (runa). Etymology templates: {{dercat|ang|gem-pro|inh=1}}, {{inh|ang|gmw-pro|*rūnu}} Proto-West Germanic *rūnu, {{cog|osx|rūna}} Old Saxon rūna, {{cog|goh|rūna}} Old High German rūna, {{cog|de|Raun}} German Raun, {{cog|non|rún}} Old Norse rún, {{cog|got|𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰}} Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (runa) Head templates: {{head|ang|nouns|||||g=f|g2=|g3=|head=rūn|sort=}} rūn f, {{ang-noun|f|head=rūn}} rūn f Inflection templates: {{ang-decl-noun-o-f|rūn}}, {{ang-decl-noun|rūn|rūna,rūne|rūne|rūna,rūne|rūne|rūna|rūne|rūnum|num=|title=|type=strong ō-stem}} Forms: rūn [canonical, feminine], strong [table-tags], rūn [nominative, singular], rūna [nominative, plural], rūne [nominative, plural], rūne [accusative, singular], rūna [accusative, plural], rūne [accusative, plural], rūne [genitive, singular], rūna [genitive, plural], rūne [dative, singular], rūnum [dative, plural]

[Show JSON for post-processed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for post-processed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ġerȳne"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "rūnere"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "rūnian"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "roun"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: roun",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: roun"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "rune",
            "3": "roun",
            "4": "round"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: rune, roun, round",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: rune, roun, round"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "roun",
            "3": "round"
          },
          "expansion": "English: roun, round",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: roun, round"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "inh": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*rūnu"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rūnu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "rūna"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon rūna",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "rūna"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German rūna",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Raun"
      },
      "expansion": "German Raun",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "rún"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse rún",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (runa)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *rūnu. Cognate with the Old Saxon rūna, Old High German rūna (German Raun), Old Norse rún, and Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (runa).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rūn",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-decl-noun-o-f",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ō-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūnum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "nouns",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "rūn",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "rūn f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "head": "rūn"
      },
      "expansion": "rūn f",
      "name": "ang-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rūn"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun-o-f"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rūn",
        "2": "rūna,rūne",
        "3": "rūne",
        "4": "rūna,rūne",
        "5": "rūne",
        "6": "rūna",
        "7": "rūne",
        "8": "rūnum",
        "num": "",
        "title": "",
        "type": "strong ō-stem"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "dierne"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "whisper"
      ],
      "id": "en-run-ang-noun-unlVWY8g",
      "links": [
        [
          "whisper",
          "whisper"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "rune"
      ],
      "id": "en-run-ang-noun-3Nab7XCo",
      "links": [
        [
          "rune",
          "rune"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "mystery, secret"
      ],
      "id": "en-run-ang-noun-dkFDPqbU",
      "links": [
        [
          "mystery",
          "mystery"
        ],
        [
          "secret",
          "secret"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "advice"
      ],
      "id": "en-run-ang-noun-Asl0R2h7",
      "links": [
        [
          "advice",
          "advice"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 26 1 19 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "writing"
      ],
      "id": "en-run-ang-noun-7ocRBeh1",
      "links": [
        [
          "writing",
          "writing"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ruːn/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "run"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old English feminine nouns",
    "Old English lemmas",
    "Old English nouns",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Old English ō-stem nouns"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "ġerȳne"
    },
    {
      "word": "rūnere"
    },
    {
      "word": "rūnian"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "roun"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: roun",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: roun"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "rune",
            "3": "roun",
            "4": "round"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: rune, roun, round",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: rune, roun, round"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "roun",
            "3": "round"
          },
          "expansion": "English: roun, round",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: roun, round"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "inh": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*rūnu"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rūnu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "rūna"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon rūna",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "rūna"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German rūna",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Raun"
      },
      "expansion": "German Raun",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "rún"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse rún",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (runa)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *rūnu. Cognate with the Old Saxon rūna, Old High German rūna (German Raun), Old Norse rún, and Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (runa).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rūn",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-decl-noun-o-f",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ō-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūnum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "nouns",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "rūn",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "rūn f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "head": "rūn"
      },
      "expansion": "rūn f",
      "name": "ang-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rūn"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun-o-f"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rūn",
        "2": "rūna,rūne",
        "3": "rūne",
        "4": "rūna,rūne",
        "5": "rūne",
        "6": "rūna",
        "7": "rūne",
        "8": "rūnum",
        "num": "",
        "title": "",
        "type": "strong ō-stem"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "dierne"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "whisper"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "whisper",
          "whisper"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "rune"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rune",
          "rune"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "mystery, secret"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mystery",
          "mystery"
        ],
        [
          "secret",
          "secret"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "advice"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "advice",
          "advice"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "writing"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "writing",
          "writing"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ruːn/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "run"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"run" meaning in Old English

Noun