"of-" meaning in Old English

See of- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Prefix

IPA: /of/
Etymology: From Proto-Germanic *aba- (“away, away from”), from Proto-Indo-European *apo- (“off, away”). Cognate with Old Saxon af-, Old Norse af-, Gothic 𐌰𐍆- (af-), Old High German ab; and with Latin ab-, Ancient Greek ἀπο- (apo-). Etymology templates: {{inh|ang|gem-pro|*aba-||away, away from}} Proto-Germanic *aba- (“away, away from”), {{der|ang|ine-pro|*apo-||off, away}} Proto-Indo-European *apo- (“off, away”), {{cog|osx|af-}} Old Saxon af-, {{cog|non|af-}} Old Norse af-, {{cog|got|𐌰𐍆-}} Gothic 𐌰𐍆- (af-), {{cog|goh|ab}} Old High German ab, {{cog|la|ab-}} Latin ab-, {{cog|grc|ἀπο-}} Ancient Greek ἀπο- (apo-) Head templates: {{head|ang|prefix|head=|sort=}} of-, {{ang-prefix}} of-
  1. off, away, from, out of, away from Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-of--ang-prefix-1K8hhjJi
  2. down Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-of--ang-prefix-kIrsRRLY
  3. excessively, negatively Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-of--ang-prefix-IN4AEVuV
  4. for, for the purpose of Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-of--ang-prefix-74a3f~D3
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: af-

Download JSON data for of- meaning in Old English (2.9kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "of-"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: of-, offe-, ove-; hove-, ho-, o-; af-, ave-\nEnglish: off-\nScots: aff-, af-",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: of-, offe-, ove-; hove-, ho-, o-; af-, ave-\nEnglish: off-\nScots: aff-, af-"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*aba-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "away, away from"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *aba- (“away, away from”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*apo-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "off, away"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *apo- (“off, away”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "af-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon af-",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "af-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse af-",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌰𐍆-"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌰𐍆- (af-)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "ab"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German ab",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ab-"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ab-",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἀπο-"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀπο- (apo-)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *aba- (“away, away from”), from Proto-Indo-European *apo- (“off, away”). Cognate with Old Saxon af-, Old Norse af-, Gothic 𐌰𐍆- (af-), Old High German ab; and with Latin ab-, Ancient Greek ἀπο- (apo-).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "prefix",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "of-",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "of-",
      "name": "ang-prefix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to exact",
          "text": "ofgān",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to call to mind",
          "text": "ofmunan",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to give up, surrender",
          "text": "ofġiefan",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "off, away, from, out of, away from"
      ],
      "id": "en-of--ang-prefix-1K8hhjJi",
      "links": [
        [
          "off",
          "off"
        ],
        [
          "away",
          "away"
        ],
        [
          "from",
          "from"
        ],
        [
          "out",
          "out"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "a descent, decline",
          "text": "ofdæle",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "down"
      ],
      "id": "en-of--ang-prefix-kIrsRRLY",
      "links": [
        [
          "down",
          "down"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to persecute",
          "text": "ofēhtan",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to intoxicate",
          "text": "ofdrincan",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "excessively, negatively"
      ],
      "id": "en-of--ang-prefix-IN4AEVuV",
      "links": [
        [
          "excessively",
          "excessively"
        ],
        [
          "negatively",
          "negatively"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to call for, request",
          "text": "ofclipian",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "for, for the purpose of"
      ],
      "id": "en-of--ang-prefix-74a3f~D3",
      "links": [
        [
          "for",
          "for"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/of/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "af-"
    }
  ],
  "word": "of-"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old English lemmas",
    "Old English prefixes",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "of-"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: of-, offe-, ove-; hove-, ho-, o-; af-, ave-\nEnglish: off-\nScots: aff-, af-",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: of-, offe-, ove-; hove-, ho-, o-; af-, ave-\nEnglish: off-\nScots: aff-, af-"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*aba-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "away, away from"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *aba- (“away, away from”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*apo-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "off, away"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *apo- (“off, away”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "af-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon af-",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "af-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse af-",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌰𐍆-"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌰𐍆- (af-)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "ab"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German ab",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ab-"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ab-",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἀπο-"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀπο- (apo-)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *aba- (“away, away from”), from Proto-Indo-European *apo- (“off, away”). Cognate with Old Saxon af-, Old Norse af-, Gothic 𐌰𐍆- (af-), Old High German ab; and with Latin ab-, Ancient Greek ἀπο- (apo-).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "prefix",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "of-",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "of-",
      "name": "ang-prefix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to exact",
          "text": "ofgān",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to call to mind",
          "text": "ofmunan",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to give up, surrender",
          "text": "ofġiefan",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "off, away, from, out of, away from"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "off",
          "off"
        ],
        [
          "away",
          "away"
        ],
        [
          "from",
          "from"
        ],
        [
          "out",
          "out"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "a descent, decline",
          "text": "ofdæle",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "down"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "down",
          "down"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to persecute",
          "text": "ofēhtan",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to intoxicate",
          "text": "ofdrincan",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "excessively, negatively"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "excessively",
          "excessively"
        ],
        [
          "negatively",
          "negatively"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to call for, request",
          "text": "ofclipian",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "for, for the purpose of"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "for",
          "for"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/of/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "af-"
    }
  ],
  "word": "of-"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e268c0e and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.