"motan" meaning in Old English

See motan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈmoː.tɑn/
Etymology: From Proto-West Germanic *mōtan, from Proto-Germanic *mōtaną. Cognate with Old Saxon mōtan, Old High German muozan (German müssen), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐍉𐍄𐌰𐌽 (gamōtan). Etymology templates: {{dercat|ang|gmw-pro|inh=1}}, {{inh|ang|gmw-pro|*mōtan}} Proto-West Germanic *mōtan, {{inh|ang|gem-pro|*mōtaną}} Proto-Germanic *mōtaną, {{cog|osx|mōtan}} Old Saxon mōtan, {{cog|goh|muozan}} Old High German muozan, {{cog|de|müssen}} German müssen, {{cog|got|𐌲𐌰𐌼𐍉𐍄𐌰𐌽}} Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐍉𐍄𐌰𐌽 (gamōtan) Head templates: {{ang-verb|mōtan}} mōtan Inflection templates: {{ang-conj|mōtan<pp>}} Forms: mōtan [canonical], no-table-tags [table-tags], mōtan [infinitive], - [infinitive], mōt [first-person, present, singular], mōste [first-person, past, singular], mōst [present, second-person, singular], mōstest [past, second-person, singular], mōt [present, singular, third-person], mōste [past, singular, third-person], mōton [plural, present], mōston [past, plural], mōte [present, singular], mōste [past, singular], mōten [plural, present], mōsten [past, plural], - [imperative, past, present, singular], - [imperative, past, plural, present], - [imperative, present], - [imperative, past]
  1. can (to be allowed)
    Sense id: en-motan-ang-verb-wI6paebB
  2. (rare) must Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-motan-ang-verb-QTewHhOV Categories (other): Old English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Old English entries with incorrect language header: 41 59

Inflected forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "moten",
            "id": "to have to"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: moten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: moten"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "mote",
            "3": "mot",
            "4": "moit"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: mote, mot, moit",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: mote, mot, moit"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "mote"
          },
          "expansion": "English: mote",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: mote"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "mōste",
            "der": "1",
            "pos": "preterite"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Old English: mōste (preterite)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Old English: mōste (preterite)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "moste"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: moste",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: moste"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "moste",
            "3": "most",
            "4": "moist"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: moste, most, moist",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: moste, most, moist"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "must"
          },
          "expansion": "English: must",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: must"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "inh": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*mōtan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *mōtan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*mōtaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *mōtaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "mōtan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon mōtan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "muozan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German muozan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "müssen"
      },
      "expansion": "German müssen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌲𐌰𐌼𐍉𐍄𐌰𐌽"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐍉𐍄𐌰𐌽 (gamōtan)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *mōtan, from Proto-Germanic *mōtaną.\nCognate with Old Saxon mōtan, Old High German muozan (German müssen), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐍉𐍄𐌰𐌽 (gamōtan).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "mōtan",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mōtan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mōt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mōste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mōst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mōstest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mōt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mōste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mōton",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mōston",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mōte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mōste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mōten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mōsten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mōtan"
      },
      "expansion": "mōtan",
      "name": "ang-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mōtan<pp>"
      },
      "name": "ang-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The Romans had recently passed a law that whenever they conquered a people, anyone who was allowed to wear a hat could keep both their life and their freedom.",
          "text": "late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans\nRōmāne hæfdon þā nīewlīċe ġesett þæt þā þe hætt beran mōston, þonne hīe hwelċ folc oferwunnen hæfdon, þæt þā mōston ǣġðer habban ġe feorh ġe frēodōm.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "You could tell by the rings how much of the Roman nobility had fallen, because the custom back then was that no one could wear a gold ring unless they were from a noble family.",
          "text": "late 9th century, translation of Orosius' History Against the Pagans\nBe þām hringum man meahte witan hwæt Rōmāna duguþe ġefeallen wæs, for þon þe hit wæs þēaw mid him on þām dagum þæt nān ōðer ne mōste gyldenne hring werian būtan hē æðeles cynnes wǣre.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "“My father, can I ask you something?”\nHe said, “Ask whatever you want.”",
          "ref": "late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History:",
          "text": "“Mīn fæder, mōt iċ þē āwihtes āscian?” Cwæþ hē, “Āsca þæs þe þū wille.”",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "can (to be allowed)"
      ],
      "id": "en-motan-ang-verb-wI6paebB",
      "links": [
        [
          "can",
          "can"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "41 59",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "must"
      ],
      "id": "en-motan-ang-verb-QTewHhOV",
      "links": [
        [
          "must",
          "must"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) must"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmoː.tɑn/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "motan"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old English lemmas",
    "Old English preterite-present verbs",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Old English verbs",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "ro:Cats"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "moten",
            "id": "to have to"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: moten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: moten"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "mote",
            "3": "mot",
            "4": "moit"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: mote, mot, moit",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: mote, mot, moit"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "mote"
          },
          "expansion": "English: mote",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: mote"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "mōste",
            "der": "1",
            "pos": "preterite"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Old English: mōste (preterite)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Old English: mōste (preterite)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "moste"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: moste",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: moste"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "moste",
            "3": "most",
            "4": "moist"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: moste, most, moist",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: moste, most, moist"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "must"
          },
          "expansion": "English: must",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: must"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "inh": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*mōtan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *mōtan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*mōtaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *mōtaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "mōtan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon mōtan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "muozan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German muozan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "müssen"
      },
      "expansion": "German müssen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌲𐌰𐌼𐍉𐍄𐌰𐌽"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐍉𐍄𐌰𐌽 (gamōtan)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *mōtan, from Proto-Germanic *mōtaną.\nCognate with Old Saxon mōtan, Old High German muozan (German müssen), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐍉𐍄𐌰𐌽 (gamōtan).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "mōtan",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mōtan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mōt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mōste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mōst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mōstest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mōt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mōste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mōton",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mōston",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mōte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mōste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mōten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mōsten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mōtan"
      },
      "expansion": "mōtan",
      "name": "ang-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mōtan<pp>"
      },
      "name": "ang-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The Romans had recently passed a law that whenever they conquered a people, anyone who was allowed to wear a hat could keep both their life and their freedom.",
          "text": "late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans\nRōmāne hæfdon þā nīewlīċe ġesett þæt þā þe hætt beran mōston, þonne hīe hwelċ folc oferwunnen hæfdon, þæt þā mōston ǣġðer habban ġe feorh ġe frēodōm.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "You could tell by the rings how much of the Roman nobility had fallen, because the custom back then was that no one could wear a gold ring unless they were from a noble family.",
          "text": "late 9th century, translation of Orosius' History Against the Pagans\nBe þām hringum man meahte witan hwæt Rōmāna duguþe ġefeallen wæs, for þon þe hit wæs þēaw mid him on þām dagum þæt nān ōðer ne mōste gyldenne hring werian būtan hē æðeles cynnes wǣre.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "“My father, can I ask you something?”\nHe said, “Ask whatever you want.”",
          "ref": "late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History:",
          "text": "“Mīn fæder, mōt iċ þē āwihtes āscian?” Cwæþ hē, “Āsca þæs þe þū wille.”",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "can (to be allowed)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "can",
          "can"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "must"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "must",
          "must"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) must"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmoː.tɑn/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "motan"
}

Download raw JSONL data for motan meaning in Old English (6.0kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.