hropan in Old English

IPA: /ˈxroː.pɑn/, [ˈr̥oː.pɑn] [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From Proto-Germanic *hrōpaną. Cognate with Old Saxon hrōpan, Old High German ruofan, Old Norse hrópa. Etymology templates: {{inh|ang|gem-pro|*hrōpaną}} Proto-Germanic *hrōpaną, {{cog|osx|hrōpan}} Old Saxon hrōpan, {{cog|goh|ruofan}} Old High German ruofan, {{cog|non|hrópa}} Old Norse hrópa Head templates: {{ang-verb|hrōpan}} hrōpan Inflection templates: {{ang-conj|hrōpan<s7>}} Forms: hrōpan [canonical], strong [table-tags], hrōpan [infinitive], hrōpenne [infinitive], hrōpe [first-person, present, singular], hrēop [first-person, past, singular], hrēpst [present, second-person, singular], hrēope [past, second-person, singular], hrēpþ [present, singular, third-person], hrēop [past, singular, third-person], hrōpaþ [plural, present], hrēopon [past, plural], hrōpe [present, singular], hrēope [past, singular], hrōpen [plural, present], hrēopen [past, plural], hrōp [imperative, past, present, singular], hrōpaþ [imperative, past, plural, present], hrōpende [imperative, present], hrōpen [imperative, past], ġehrōpen [imperative, past]

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "behrōpan"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "ropen",
            "id": "to cry out"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: ropen, rope, roupe, rupe\nEnglish: roop, roup\nScots: roup; croup\n→ English: croup\n→ Dutch: kroep\n→ French: croup",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: ropen, rope, roupe, rupe\nEnglish: roop, roup\nScots: roup; croup\n→ English: croup\n→ Dutch: kroep\n→ French: croup"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hrōpaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrōpaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "hrōpan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon hrōpan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "ruofan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German ruofan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "hrópa"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse hrópa",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *hrōpaną. Cognate with Old Saxon hrōpan, Old High German ruofan, Old Norse hrópa.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hrōpan",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "7",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpenne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēop",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēpst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēope",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēpþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēop",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēopon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēope",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēopen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōp",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ġehrōpen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hrōpan"
      },
      "expansion": "hrōpan",
      "name": "ang-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hrōpan<s7>"
      },
      "name": "ang-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "hrēpan"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "68 20 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "54 22 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "55 22 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to shout, scream"
      ],
      "id": "en-hropan-ang-verb-yfdwkmtX",
      "links": [
        [
          "shout",
          "shout"
        ],
        [
          "scream",
          "scream"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to call, cry out"
      ],
      "id": "en-hropan-ang-verb-91YzgXbe",
      "links": [
        [
          "call",
          "call"
        ],
        [
          "cry out",
          "cry out"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to make a noise, clamor"
      ],
      "id": "en-hropan-ang-verb-85Hs-k6z",
      "links": [
        [
          "noise",
          "noise"
        ],
        [
          "clamor",
          "clamor"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxroː.pɑn/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈr̥oː.pɑn]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hropan"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Old English class 7 strong verbs",
    "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old English lemmas",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Old English verbs",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "behrōpan"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "ropen",
            "id": "to cry out"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: ropen, rope, roupe, rupe\nEnglish: roop, roup\nScots: roup; croup\n→ English: croup\n→ Dutch: kroep\n→ French: croup",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: ropen, rope, roupe, rupe\nEnglish: roop, roup\nScots: roup; croup\n→ English: croup\n→ Dutch: kroep\n→ French: croup"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hrōpaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrōpaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "hrōpan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon hrōpan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "ruofan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German ruofan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "hrópa"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse hrópa",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *hrōpaną. Cognate with Old Saxon hrōpan, Old High German ruofan, Old Norse hrópa.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hrōpan",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "7",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpenne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēop",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēpst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēope",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēpþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēop",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēopon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēope",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēopen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōp",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ġehrōpen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hrōpan"
      },
      "expansion": "hrōpan",
      "name": "ang-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hrōpan<s7>"
      },
      "name": "ang-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "hrēpan"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to shout, scream"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shout",
          "shout"
        ],
        [
          "scream",
          "scream"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to call, cry out"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "call",
          "call"
        ],
        [
          "cry out",
          "cry out"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to make a noise, clamor"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "noise",
          "noise"
        ],
        [
          "clamor",
          "clamor"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxroː.pɑn/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈr̥oː.pɑn]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hropan"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (eaedd02 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"hropan" meaning in Old English

Verb