hreosan in Old English

IPA: /ˈxre͜oː.sɑn/, [ˈr̥e͜oː.zɑn] [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From Proto-West Germanic *hreusan, from Proto-Germanic *hreusaną (“to fall down”). Cognate with Old High German riosan. Etymology templates: {{inh|ang|gmw-pro|*hreusan}} Proto-West Germanic *hreusan, {{inh|ang|gem-pro|*hreusaną||to fall down}} Proto-Germanic *hreusaną (“to fall down”), {{cog|goh|riosan}} Old High German riosan Head templates: {{ang-verb|hrēosan}} hrēosan Inflection templates: {{ang-conj|hrēosan<s2v>}} Forms: hrēosan [canonical], strong [table-tags], hrēosan [infinitive], hrēosenne [infinitive], hrēose [first-person, present, singular], hrēas [first-person, past, singular], hrīest [present, second-person, singular], hrure [past, second-person, singular], hrīest [present, singular, third-person], hrēas [past, singular, third-person], hrēosaþ [plural, present], hruron [past, plural], hrēose [present, singular], hrure [past, singular], hrēosen [plural, present], hruren [past, plural], hrēos [imperative, past, present, singular], hrēosaþ [imperative, past, plural, present], hrēosende [imperative, present], hroren [imperative, past], ġehroren [imperative, past]

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*hreusan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hreusan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hreusaną",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to fall down"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hreusaną (“to fall down”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "riosan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German riosan",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *hreusan, from Proto-Germanic *hreusaną (“to fall down”). Cognate with Old High German riosan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hrēosan",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "2",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēosan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēosenne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēose",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēas",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrīest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrīest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēas",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēosaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hruron",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēose",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēosen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hruren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēos",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēosaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēosende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hroren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ġehroren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hrēosan"
      },
      "expansion": "hrēosan",
      "name": "ang-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hrēosan<s2v>"
      },
      "name": "ang-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "english": "ruinous",
      "word": "hreorig"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "bathe of sea-birds, spread of feathers,\nfall of frost and snow, mingled with hail.",
          "ref": "10th century, The Wanderer:",
          "text": "baþian brimfuglas, · brǣdan feþra,\nhrēosan hrīm ond snāw, · hagle ġemenġed.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to fall"
      ],
      "id": "en-hreosan-ang-verb-DuIlsxVc",
      "links": [
        [
          "fall",
          "fall"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "10 55 10 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 55 10 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English verbs with Verner alternation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 55 8 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 57 10 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to collapse"
      ],
      "id": "en-hreosan-ang-verb-mM4mZlk-",
      "links": [
        [
          "collapse",
          "collapse"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to rush"
      ],
      "id": "en-hreosan-ang-verb-OJxpk1iB",
      "links": [
        [
          "rush",
          "rush"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to fall down"
      ],
      "id": "en-hreosan-ang-verb-AnKY2Tcv",
      "links": [
        [
          "fall down",
          "fall down"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxre͜oː.sɑn/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈr̥e͜oː.zɑn]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hreosan"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Old English class 2 strong verbs",
    "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old English lemmas",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Old English verbs",
    "Old English verbs with Verner alternation",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*hreusan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hreusan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hreusaną",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to fall down"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hreusaną (“to fall down”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "riosan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German riosan",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *hreusan, from Proto-Germanic *hreusaną (“to fall down”). Cognate with Old High German riosan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hrēosan",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "2",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēosan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēosenne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēose",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēas",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrīest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrīest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēas",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēosaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hruron",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēose",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēosen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hruren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēos",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēosaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrēosende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hroren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ġehroren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hrēosan"
      },
      "expansion": "hrēosan",
      "name": "ang-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hrēosan<s2v>"
      },
      "name": "ang-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "ruinous",
      "word": "hreorig"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "bathe of sea-birds, spread of feathers,\nfall of frost and snow, mingled with hail.",
          "ref": "10th century, The Wanderer:",
          "text": "baþian brimfuglas, · brǣdan feþra,\nhrēosan hrīm ond snāw, · hagle ġemenġed.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to fall"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fall",
          "fall"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to collapse"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "collapse",
          "collapse"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to rush"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rush",
          "rush"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to fall down"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fall down",
          "fall down"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxre͜oː.sɑn/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈr̥e͜oː.zɑn]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hreosan"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (e4a2c88 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"hreosan" meaning in Old English

Verb