See goian in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gawjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gawjaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*gō(w)ōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gō(w)ōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gō(w)ōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gō(w)ōną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the same root as Proto-Germanic *gawjaną with a different ablaut grade (-ō-) in the root. Compare *ġīeġan, ġēġan from Proto-West-Germanic *gauwjan. The weak class 2 formation (compare twēoġan, sċōġan) would correspond to the following reconstructions in linguistic stages ancestral to Old English: northern Ingvaeonic *gō(w)ōjan, Proto-West Germanic *gō(w)ōn, Proto-Germanic *gō(w)ōną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gōian",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gōian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gōienne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gōiġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gōode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gōast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gōodest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gōaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gōode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gōiaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gōodon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gōiġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gōode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gōiġen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gōoden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gōa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gōiaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gōiende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gōod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġegōod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "gōian"
},
"expansion": "gōian",
"name": "ang-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "Anglian"
},
"expansion": "(Anglian)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gōian<w2>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Anglian Old English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gōung"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
26,
36
]
],
"ref": "c. 800-930 [731], Bede, anonymous translator, Old English Translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People, translation of Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum (in Latin), 88.15:",
"text": "sed ligatum se vehementer ingemiscat",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"ref": "c. 800-930 [731], Bede, anonymous translator, Old English Translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People, translation of Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum (in Latin), 88.17:",
"text": "gemebat dicens",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to sigh, groan; to lament"
],
"id": "en-goian-ang-verb-GmzAMZsO",
"links": [
[
"sigh",
"sigh"
],
[
"groan",
"groan"
],
[
"lament",
"lament"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "ġēġan"
}
],
"tags": [
"Anglian"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡoː.jɑn/"
}
],
"word": "goian"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "gōung"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gawjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gawjaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*gō(w)ōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gō(w)ōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gō(w)ōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gō(w)ōną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the same root as Proto-Germanic *gawjaną with a different ablaut grade (-ō-) in the root. Compare *ġīeġan, ġēġan from Proto-West-Germanic *gauwjan. The weak class 2 formation (compare twēoġan, sċōġan) would correspond to the following reconstructions in linguistic stages ancestral to Old English: northern Ingvaeonic *gō(w)ōjan, Proto-West Germanic *gō(w)ōn, Proto-Germanic *gō(w)ōną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gōian",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gōian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gōienne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gōiġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gōode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gōast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gōodest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gōaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gōode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gōiaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gōodon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gōiġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gōode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gōiġen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gōoden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gōa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gōiaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gōiende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gōod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġegōod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "gōian"
},
"expansion": "gōian",
"name": "ang-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "Anglian"
},
"expansion": "(Anglian)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gōian<w2>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "ġēġan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Anglian Old English",
"Old English class 2 weak verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with quotations",
"Old English verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for translations of Old English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
26,
36
]
],
"ref": "c. 800-930 [731], Bede, anonymous translator, Old English Translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People, translation of Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum (in Latin), 88.15:",
"text": "sed ligatum se vehementer ingemiscat",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"ref": "c. 800-930 [731], Bede, anonymous translator, Old English Translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People, translation of Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum (in Latin), 88.17:",
"text": "gemebat dicens",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to sigh, groan; to lament"
],
"links": [
[
"sigh",
"sigh"
],
[
"groan",
"groan"
],
[
"lament",
"lament"
]
],
"tags": [
"Anglian"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡoː.jɑn/"
}
],
"word": "goian"
}
Download raw JSONL data for goian meaning in Old English (4.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (5ee713e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.